Events on Jul 22
- 0259Dionysius elected as Bishop of Rome, succeeding Sixtus II
- 0260St. Dionysius begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1298English defeat Scots at Battle of Falkirk
- 1306King Phillip the Fair, orders expulsion of Jews out of France
- 1489"Tractate Niddah" a talmudic edition, 1st printed
- 1489Treaty of Frankfurt
- 1515Anna of Bohemia (12) marries Karel van Ferdinand of Austria
- 1515Congress of Vienna settles issues between Poland and Holy Roman Empire
- 1515Louis of Hungary (9) marries Maria of Bohemia and succession to Hungarian throne
- 1535Christians captured in Tunis in uprising against Admiral Barbarossa
- 1582Willem van Orange moves from Antwerp to Delft
- 15872nd English colony forms on Roanoke Island off North Carolina
- 1632Foundation laid in Madrid for Buen Retiro-palace for King Philip IV
- 164810,000 Jews of Polannoe murdered in Chmielnick massacre
- 1686City of Albany, New York chartered
- 1691Battle at Aghrim: English / Dutch army beats France
- 1729Diamonds found in Minas Geras Brazil
- 1731Spain signs Treaty of Vienna
- 1739Turks defeats Holy Roman Emp at Crocyka Yugoslavia and threaten Belgrade
- 1775George Washington takes command of US troops
- 1796Cleveland, Ohio, founded by General Moses Cleveland
- 1812Duke of Wellington defeats French at Battle of Salamanca, Spain
- 1859V E Walker takes 10-74 in an innings for England vs. Surrey
- 1864Battle of Atlanta-Hood attacks Sherman, 8449 conf, 3641 US die
- 1865V E Walker takes 10-104 in an innings for Middlesex vs. Lancs
- 1893Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful, " in Colorado
- 1898Belgica crew see 1st sunrise in 1600 hrs-1st to endure Antarct winter
- 1901Serbia reactivates diplomatic relations with Montenegro
- 19125th Olympic games in Stockholm closes
- 1916A bomb went off during a Preparedness Day parade in SF killing 10
Born on Jul 22
- 1478Philip I [the Handsome]: 1st Habsburg King of Spain (1504-06)
- 1597Virgilio Mazzocchi: Composer
- 1621Anthony Ashley Cooper: 1st Earl of Shaftesbury / Minister (1660-73)
- 1642Johann Quirsfeld: Composer
- 1647Margaretha M Alacoque: French mystic / Saint
- 1649Clement XI [Giovanni F Albani]: Italy -- Pope (1700-21)
- 1651Ferdinand Tobias Richter: Composer
- 1721Francois-Joseph Krafft: Composer
- 1784Friedrich W Bessel: German astronomer (star parallax, Bessel Function)
- 1807Karolina Pawlowa: Writer
- 1820Louis Powell Harvey: Governor (Union), died in 1862
- 1822Gregor Mendel: Monk / geneticist, discoverer of laws of heredity
- 1822Hamilton Prioleau Bee: Brigadier General (Confederate Army) died in 1897
- 1822John George Walker: Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1893
- 1830Herbert Stanley Oakeley: Composer
- 1830William Sooy Smith: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1916
- 1833Benjamin Hanby: Composer
- 1834Daniel McCook, Jr.: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1864
- 1849Emma Lazarus: Jewish poet ("New Colossus"-base of Statue of Liberty)
- 1853Victor Roger: Composer
- 1871Akos Buttykai: Composer
- 1872David D Salas: Antillian writer (Josefina)
- 1873Ettore Pozzoli: Composer
- 1878Lucien Febvre: French historian (Un destin: Martin Luther)
- 1879Gustaf Heintze: Composer
- 1882Edward Hopper: US painter (House by the Railroad)
- 1887Gustav Hertz: German quantum physicist (Nobel 1925)
- 1889Frederick Preston Search: Composer
- 1892Arthur Seyss-Inquart: Austrian chancellor (1930s) / war criminal
- 1894O M Graf: Writer
Died on Jul 22
- 1035Robert II / I: Duke of Normandy
- 1387French Ackerman: Ghent rebel / leader of Reisers, murdered at about 57
- 1461Charles VII: King of France (1422-61), dies at 58
- 1477Adolf van Egmond: Duke of Gelre / Earl of Zutphen, dies in battle at 39
- 1497Francesco Botticini: Italian painter, dies at about 52
- 1499Neithart Fox [Jonker Fox]: German passage leader, slain in battle
- 1635Pietro Antonio Tamburini: Composer, dies at 45
- 1676Clement X [Emilio Altieri]: Italian Pope (1670-76), dies at 86
- 1786Vaclav Kalous: Composer, dies at 71
- 1794Jean-Benjamin de La Borde: Composer, dies at 59
- 1802Marie-Francois-Xavier Bichat: A founder of histology
- 1826Giuseppe Piazzi: Monk / Mathematician (found 1st asteroid), dies at 80
- 1840Josef Jawurek: Composer, dies at 83
- 1848Karl Guhr: Composer, dies at 60
- 1861Barnard Elliot Bee: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 37
- 1863Carl Schuberth: Composer, dies at 52
- 1864James Birdseye Mcpherson: US Union General Major, dies in battle at 35
- 1864William Henry Talbot Walker: Confederate General Major, dies in battle at 47
- 1868Zikmund Michal Kolesovsky: Composer, dies at 51
- 1880Anna Caroline Oury: Composer, dies at 72
- 1909D v Liliencron: Writer, dies at 65
- 1929Bror Beckman: Composer, dies at 63
- 1929Edouard baron Empain: Belgian builder (Heliopolis), dies at 76
- 1932Roosje Vos: Dutch trade union leader, dies at 71
- 1932Roses Fox: Trade union leader, dies at 71
- 1934John Dillinger: Shot dead at Biograph Theater in Chicago, at 33
- 1950William LM King: Premier of Canada (1921-30, 35-48), dies at 75
- 1952Antonio Maria Valencia: Composer, dies at 49
- 1952August Balthazar: Belgian politician, dies at 58
- 1953Cy Kendall: Actor (Mysteries of Chinatown), dies at 55
Historical events on July 23
- 0636Arabs gain control of most of Palestine from Byzantine Empire
- 0685John V begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1253Jews are expelled from Vienne France by order of Pope Innocent III
- 1298Jews are massacred at Wurzburg Germany
- 1298Rindfleish Persecutions-Jewish community Wurzburg Germany annihilated
- 1403Battle of Shrewsbury fought by Percys against King Henry IV
- 1431Council of Basel opens
- 1431G Cesarini opens Counsel of Basel (Ferrara / Florence)
- 1453Battle at Gavere: Philip the Good beats Gentse rebellion
- 1532Karel I and evangelical monarchy signs Peace of Neurenberg
- 1558Battle at Grevelingen: General / Earl Lamoraal van Egmont beat France
- 1572Willem van Oranges troops occupy Roermond on the Spanjaarden
- 1594Groningen surrenders to Earl Mauritius / Willem Louis
- 1645Aleksei Mihailovitch Romanov succeeds his father Michael as Czar
- 16644 British ships to drive Dutch out of NY, arrive in Boston
- 1726Benjamin Franklin sails back to Philadelphia
- 1745Charles Stuart, the Younger, lands at Eriskay Island, Hebrides
- 1764James Otis publishes views on taxation without representation
- 1798Napoleon captures Alexandria, Egypt
- 1812Battle of Mogilev Russia-Napolean fights Czar Alexander I
- 18271st US swim school opens (Boston, Massachusetts)
- 1829William Austin Burt patents "typographer" (typewriter)
- 1834HMS Beagle anchors in Bay of Valparaiso
- 1840Union Act passed by British Parliament, uniting Upper and Lower Canada
- 1848Battle of Custoza-Italian War of Independence, starts
- 185017th Postmaster General: Nathan K Hall of New York takes office
- 1851Treaty of Traverse des Sioux signed by Sioux Indians and US
- 18521st interment in US National Cemetery at Presidio
- 1858Jewish Disabilities Removal Act passed by British Parliament
- 1863Alexandra Park opens in North London
Born on July 23
- 1339Louis I: Duke of Anjou / King of Naples (Battle at Poitiers)
- 1401Francesco Sfoza: Soldier
- 1659Antonius Schultingh [Schultingius]: Dutch lawyer
- 1735Johannes Herbst: Composer
- 1769Alexey Nikolayevich Titov: Composer
- 1773Karl Ludwig Hellwig: Composer
- 1793Joseph Hartmann Stuntz: Composer
- 1796Franz Adolf Berwald: Sweden -- Composer
- 1803Johann Vesque von Puttlingen: Composer
- 1806Eduard Marxsen: Composer
- 1816Charlotte Sanders Cushman: United States -- Actress (Lady MacBeth)
- 1822Darius Nash Couch: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1897
- 1823Coventry Kersey Dighton Patmore: English poet
- 1824Gabriel Colvin Wharton: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1906
- 1825Richard Hol: Dutch composer / Organist / conductor
- 1827Pieter Caland: Dutch hydraulic engineer (New Waterway)
- 1828Jonathan Hutchinson: Surgeon / Scientist
- 1834James "Cardinal" Gibbons: Archbishop of Baltimore
- 1838Edouard [Judas] Colonne: Composer / violinist
- 1841Edward John Armstrong: Poet
- 1849Geza Zichy: Composer
- 1853William H Gillette: Actor (Sherlock Holmes on stage)
- 1856Arthur H Bird: Composer
- 1856Bal Gangadhar Tilak: British-Indian Hindi leader
- 1857French [M J Francois] Erens: Lawyer / literary (Pursue Years)
- 1861Alexander W F Idenburg: Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies (1909-16)
- 1876William Gillies Whittaker: Composer
- 1884Albert Warner: US producer (Warner Bros)
- 1884Apolinary Szeluto: Composer
- 1884Emil Jannings: Germany -- Actor (Faust, Passion, Blue Angel)
Died on July 23
- 0945Richarius: Bishop of Luik (922-45)
- 1373Birgitta van Sweden: Swedish saint
- 1403Henry Percy [Harry Hotspur]: Killed in battle at 39
- 1568Don Carlos: Son of Spanish King Philip II, dies at about 23
- 1581Georges Lalaing: Viceroy of Friesland
- 1645Michael Fjodorovitsj: Tsar of Russia (1613-45) / 1st Romanov
- 1685Pietro Reggio: Composer, dies at 53
- 1690Richard Gibson: Minature painter
- 1757Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti: Italian Composer (La Silvia), dies at 71
- 1803Arthur Wolfe: 1st viscount Kilwarden / Chief Justice of Ireland, murdered
- 1816Elizabeth Hamilton: Author (Cats: A Celebration), dies at 68
- 1829Wojciech Boguslawski: Composer, dies at 72
- 1840Frantisek Max Knize: Composer, dies at 55
- 1844Christian Gobrecht: 4th US chief engraver (1840-44), dies in office
- 1866Thomas Forbes Walmisley: Composer, dies at 83
- 1875Isaac Merritt Singer: Inventor (sewing machine), dies at 63
- 1878Miguel Hilarion Eslava y Elizondo: Composer, dies at 70
- 1885Ulysses S Grant: 18th US pres, dies at 63 in Mount McGregor, New York
- 1904John Simon: Public health pioneer
- 1905Jean-Jacques: Painter
- 1909Ernest F Cambier: Bel colonial pioneer (1st Congo railway), dies at 65
- 1909Zygmunt Noskowski: Composer, dies at 63
- 1916William Ramsey: Chemist
- 1927Saad Zaghlul: Egyptian parliament chairman, dies at 74
- 1930Glenn Hammond Curtiss: Aviation pioneer / airplane builder, dies at 52
- 1933Max Schillings: German Composer / conductor (Mona Lisa), dies at 65
- 1942Nikola J Vaptsarov: Bulgaria Poet / communist, executed at 32
- 1943Emanuel Querido: Publisher (Sobibor)
- 1943Meijer de Hond [Emanuel Querido]: Rabbi (Sobibor)
- 1944Bernard M Cohen: Attorney, killed at Belsen concentration camp
Events on Jul 24
- 1487Citizens of Leeuwarden Netherlands rebel against ban on foreign beer
- 1534Jacques Cartier, lands in Canada, claims it for France
- 1554Queen Maria of England marries Philip, King of Naples / Jerusalem
- 1567Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate and 1-year-old James VI becomes King of Scotland
- 1577Spanish army / German mercenaries conquer Namur
- 1577Treason of Don Juan in Brussels
- 1581States of Holland / Zealand recognized by Willem van Orange
- 1651Anthony Johnson, a free black, receives grant of 250 acres in Virginia
- 16831st settlers from Germany to US, leave aboard Concord
- 1692French defeat William III of England at Steinkirk (Enghein)
- 1701Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac found trading post at Ft Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit
- 1704English and Dutch troops occupy Gibraltar
- 1712Battle at Denain: France under Villars beat Dutch army
- 1745Bonnie Prince Charlie becomes King James VIII
- 1758George Washington admitted to Virginia House of Burgess
- 1783Georgia becomes a protectorate of tsarist Russia
- 1793France passes 1st copyright law
- 1799William Clark (of Lewis & Clark) is willed the slave York
- 1824Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of 1st public opinion poll. Clear lead for Andrew Jackson
- 1833HMS Beagle departs Maldonado Uruguay
- 1847Brigham Young and his Mormon followers arrive at Salt Lake City, Utah
- 1847Rotary-type printing press patents by Richard March Hoe, New York City
- 1851Window tax abolished in Britain
- 1861Skirmish at Taylor Mountain, (W)VA - CS General Wise retreats
- 1863Battle at Battle Mountain, Virginia
- 1864Battle of Winchester, VA US1200 CS600
- 1866Tennessee becomes 1st Confederate state readmitted to Union
- 18701st trans-US rail service begins
- 18771st time federal troops are used to combat strikers
- 1883Arabi Pasha declares a holy war in Egypt
Born on Jul 24
- 1380Johannes van Capestrano: Italian Saint
- 1720Louise Ulrike: Queen of Sweden / Wife of Adolf Frederik
- 1738Elizabeth "Betje" Wolff-Bekker: Dutch author / poet (Sara Burgerhart)
- 1759Victor Emmanuel I: King of Sardinia (1802-21)
- 1796Herman van Sonsbeeck: Dutch lawyer / Statesman
- 1796John Middleton Clayton: Delaware, United States -- (Sen-Delaware) / US Secretary of State (1849-50)
- 1798John Adams Dix: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1879
- 1802Ira Aldridge: Famous African
- 1803Alexander Jackson Davis: United States -- Architect (gothic revivalist)
- 1817Adolf WAKF: Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890-1905)
- 1818Felix Godefroid: Composer
- 1827Julius Adolph de Lagnel: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1912
- 1832Johann Christoph Lauterbach: Violinist
- 1841Raimundo Madrazo y Garretta: Painter
- 1857Henrik Pontoppidan: Denmark -- Writer (Promised Country, Nobel 1917)
- 1858Wolfgang Kapp: German politician (Kapp Putsch 1920)
- 1862Johan A de Sleeve [Adwaita]: Philosopher / classical / poet (Brahman)
- 1864B[enjamin] Frank[lin] Wedekind: German writer (Lulu)
- 1864Michel Gaston Carraud: Composer
- 1865Frank Wedekind: Writer
- 1867Frederic Benson: Novelist
- 1870Fred Law Olmsted, Jr.: Architect / landscaper
- 1878Lord Dunsany [Edward JMD Plunkett]: Irish sci-fi writer (Time & Gods)
- 1880Ernest Bloch: Geneva, Switzerland -- Composer (MacBeth)
- 1884Abraham Rutgers: Dutch Governor (Suriname, 1928-33)
- 1885Desider Antalffy-Zsiross: Hungarian Organist / composer
- 1886Junichiro Tanizaki: Japan -- Writer (Snow Dusting)
- 1894Walter Schulthess: Composer
- 1896Hermann Kasack: German writer (Die Stadt hinter dem Strom)
- 1897Elmar Berkovich: Hungarian / Dutch designer (Eindhoven Theatre)
Died on Jul 24
- 1652Johann Weichmann: Composer, dies at 32
- 1712Cornelis Earl of Nassau: General Major / mister of Woudenberg
- 1739Benedetto Marcello: Composer, dies on 53rd birthday
- 1756George Vertue: Engraver
- 1758John Dyer: Poet
- 1809Johann Gottfried Eckard: Composer, dies at 74
- 1812Joseph Schuster: Composer, dies at 63
- 1819Sophie Gail: Composer, dies at 43
- 1826Jacob Kimball: Composer, dies at 65
- 1831Maria Agata Szymanowska: Composer, dies at 41
- 1837Charles Hodges: English / Dutch portrait Painter
- 1842John Sell Cotman: Landscape painter
- 1846Joseph Leopold Eybler: Austrian Composer / choir master, dies at 81
- 1846Louis Napoleon: French King of the Netherlands (1806-10), dies at 67
- 1862Martin Van Buren: 8th President (1837-41), dies in Kinderhook New York at 79
- 1865Johan Filip von Schantz: Composer, dies at 30
- 1868George Cattermole: Painter / illustrator
- 1876Thomas Molleson Mudie: Composer, dies at 66
- 1883Matthew Webb: English Channel swimmer, drowns above Niagara Falls
- 1900Ferdinand Hamet: Dutch Missionary in Mongolia, murdered at 59
- 1931Marie WF Treub: Dutch economist / Minister of finance, dies at 75
- 1933Max von Schillings: Composer, dies at 65
- 1936James Philip Dunn: Composer, dies at 52
- 1944Jan Postma: Leader of illegal Dutch party (CPN), executed at 49
- 1947Ernest Austin: Composer, dies at 72
- 1954Mary Church Terrell: Educator / civil rights leader, dies at 90
- 1957Sacha Guitry: Actor / playwright / director (Lovers & Thieves), dies at 72
- 1960Carl Deis: Composer, dies at 77
- 1960Hans Albers: German actor (Blue Angel), dies at 68
- 1962Victor Moore: Comedian, dies of heart attack at 86