Events on Jul 26
- 0811Battle at Pliska: Bulgarian under monarch Krum beat Byzantine
- 1267Inquistion forms in Rome under Pope Clement IV
- 1499Alonso dhe Ojeda discovers Curacao Island
- 1519Pizarro receives royal charter for S American west coast
- 1524James I (12) becomes King of Scotland
- 1529Francisco Pizarro appointed Governor of Peru
- 1576Muitende Spanish troops conquer Aalst
- 1579Francis Drake leaves SF to cross Pacific Ocean
- 1588John Hawkins becomes a knight
- 1656Rembrandt declares he is insolvent
- 1663France annexes Venaissin
- 1678England and Netherlands signs treaty: sending ultimatum to France
- 1757Battle at Hastenbeck: French army beats Duke of Cumberland
- 1758British battle fleet under General James Wolfe conquerors Louisbourg
- 1759French troops vacate Ticonderoga, New York
- 17751st Postmaster General: Benjamin Franklin of Pa takes office
- 1788New York becomes 11th state to ratify constitution
- 1788Sydney, Australia settled by British colonists
- 1790US passes Assumption bill making US responsible for state debts
- 1805Naples / Calabria struck by Earthquake; about 26,000 die
- 1822Secret meeting of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin
- 1826Vilnus Lithuanian riots cause death of many Jews
- 1832HMS Beagle anchors in Montevideo
- 18351st sugar cane plantation started in Hawaii
- 1847Liberia declares independence from American Colonization Society
- 1847Moses Garrish Farmer builds 1st miniature train for children to ride
- 1858Baron Lionel de Rothschild is 1st Jew elected to British Parliament
- 1863Battle of Salineville OH, John Hunt Morgan and 364 troops surrender
- 1865Patrick Francis Healy is 1st black awarded PhD (Louvain Belgium)
- 1866Canoe Club opens in England
Born on Jul 26
- 1467Ferdinand II: King of Naples
- 1678Joseph I Habsburg: German King / Roman Catholic Emperor (1705-11)
- 1694Johann Samuel Endler: Composer
- 1782John Field: Dublin, Ireland -- Pianist / composer (Nocturnes)
- 1791Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart: 6th child of Austrian composer WAM
- 1796George Catlin: United States -- Author / painter (American Indian scenes)
- 1801John Drake Sloat: Ret Major General Comm (Union Navy), died in 1867
- 1802Winthrop Mackworth Praed: London, England -- Poet / politician
- 1805Constantine Brumidi: Artist (Myrtle Murdock)
- 1820John Marshall Jones: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864
- 1829August Beernaert: Belgian Premier (1884-94) (Nobel-1909)
- 1842Alfred Marshall: London, England -- Economist
- 1860Philippe J Bunau-Varilla: French engineer (Colombia-Panama)
- 1863Jazeps Witols: Composer
- 1865Philipp Scheidemann: German Parliament (SPD) / Mayor of Kassel
- 1872George Louis Beer: Historian (authority on British colonies)
- 1874Serge Koussevitzky: Vishny-Volotchok, Russia -- Russia conductor (Boston Symp)
- 1876Ernest Schelling: Belvidere, New Jersey -- Composer / conductor (Victory Ball)
- 1877Hubert Ahaus: Missionary (Harvest Fields)
- 1881Alexander J Kropholler: Architect
- 1888M Jouhandeau: Writer
- 1891Jacques Pirenne: Belgian historian
- 1892Pearl Buck: Prize winning Novelist
- 1892Philipp Jarnach: Composer
- 1893George Grosz: German painter (Gott mit uns)
- 1894Ludovicus J Rogier: Dutch historian (Henric van Veldeken)
- 1895Jerry Verno: London, England -- Actor (River of Unrest, Sweeney Todd)
- 1896Charles Butterworth: United States -- Lawyer / actor (Mad Genius)
- 1897Paul Gallico: New York, United States -- Novelist
- 1899Carel C van Essen: Dutch archaeologist (Italian & Roman art)
Died on Jul 26
- 0796Offa: King of Mercia (75.-796)
- 0811Nicephorus I: Byzantine Emperor (802-11), dies in battle
- 1342Charles I Robert van Anjou: King of Hungary (1307-42)
- 1471Paul II [Pietro Barbo]: Italian Pope (1464-71), dies at 54
- 1533Atahualpo: Inca ruler
- 1630Charles Emanuel I [the Great]: Duke of Savoy (Peace of Lyon)
- 1677Michael Franck: Composer, dies at 68
- 1680John Wilmot: 2nd Earl of Rochester, Poet / courtier
- 1712Thomas Osborne: English Prime Minister (1690-94), dies at 80
- 1719Johann Georg Christian Storl: Composer, dies at 43
- 1728John Friend: Physician / politician
- 1770Michael Schevenstuhl: Composer, dies at 65
- 1801Daniel Dal Barba: Composer, dies at 86
- 1826Freidrich Wilhelm Weis: Composer, dies at 82
- 1836Jose Melchor Gomiz y Colomer: Composer, dies at 45
- 1863Samuel Houston: 1st President of Rep of Texas (1836-38, 41-44), dies at 70
- 1872Michele Carafa: Composer, dies at 84
- 1881George Borrow: Writer
- 1910Philipus J Hoedemaker: Theologist, dies at 71
- 1915James Murray: Philologist
- 1916Gellio Benevenuto Coronaro: Composer, dies at 52
- 1918Eduard "Mick" Mannock: British WWI flyer (Victoria Cross)
- 1920Carlos Troyer: Composer, dies at 83
- 1925William Jennings Bryan: Lawyer (Scopes-monkey trial), dies at 65
- 1941Benjamin Whorf: Anthropologist
- 1941Marx Dormoy: French socialist, killed by a time bomb
- 1942Titus [Anno S] Brandsma: Philosopher (Dachau)
- 1944Reza Sjah Pahlawi [Reza Chan]: Cossack officer / shah of Persia
- 1946Morris Hirshfield: Polish / US painter
- 1953Nikolaos Plastiras: Greece Premier (1945-50, 51-2)
Historical events on July 27
- 0432St. Celestine I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 12141st battle of Bouvines - King Philips II vs. Emperor Otto IV
- 1230Treaty of San-Germano between Emperor Frederik II and Pope Gregory IX
- 1280Sogen Mugaku, founder of Engakuji temple arrives in Japan from China
- 1298Albert I, Son of Rudolf of Habsburg, crowned Holy Roman Emperor
- 1298Roman Catholics German King Albrecht I von Habsburg installed
- 1360Danish King Waldemar IV destroys Visby Gotland
- 1365Isabella of England marries Enguerrand of Coucy at Windsor
- 1501Copernicus formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral
- 1563French army recaptures Le Havre
- 1586Sir Walter Raleigh brings 1st tobacco to England from Virginia
- 1641Prince Frederik Henry captures castle of Gennep
- 1643Cromwell defeats Royalist at Battle of Gainsborough
- 1655Jews of New Amsterdam petition for a Jewish cemetery
- 1655Netherlands and Brandenburg sign military treaty
- 1661Parliament confirms Navigation Act
- 1663English parliament accepts Staple Act
- 1689Battle of Killicrankie, Viscount Dundee defeats Whig General MacKay
- 1689Jacobite Scottish Highlanders defeat royal force at Killiecrankie
- 1694Bank of England granted 12 year charter by Act of Parliament
- 1713Russia and Turkey sign peace treaty
- 1714English Queen Anne fires Premier Robert Haley
- 1789Congress establishes Department of Foreign Affairs (State Department)
- 1794Coup of thermidor / fall of Robespierre in Paris
- 1795Spain and France sign peace treaty
- 1809Battle at Talavera: British / Spanish army vs. French army
- 1816US troops destroy Ft Apalachicola, a Seminole fort, to punish Indians for harboring runaway slaves
- 1830Revolution breaks out in Paris, opposing laws of Charles X
- 1836Adelaide, South Australia founded
- 1837US Mint opens in Charlotte, North Carolina
Born on July 27
- 1452Ludovico Sforza [il Moro]: Italian Duke of Milan (1494 . .1500)
- 1502Pier Francesco Corteccia: Composer
- 1518Elizabeth Talbot: Countess of Shrewsbury / builder of country houses
- 1609Heinrich Pape: Composer
- 1612Murad IV: Sultan of Turkey (1623-40) / conquered Baghdad
- 1625Edward Montagu: England, United Kingdom
- 1667Jean Bernoulli: Mathematician
- 1734Jakob Zupan: Composer
- 1741Francois-Hippolyte Barthelemon: Composer
- 1777Thomas Campbell: Poet (Hohenlinden, Battle of the Baltic)
- 1781Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani: Composer
- 1801George Biddle Airy: 7th astronomer Royal
- 1802Benedikt Randhartinger: Composer
- 1812Thomas Lanier Clingman: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1897
- 1820John Franklin Farnsworth: Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
- 1824Alexandre Dumas fils: France -- Playwright / Novelist (Camille)
- 1840Ranald Slidell Mackenzie: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1848Vladimir de Pachmann: Painter
- 1857Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge: Orientalist / museum curator
- 1857Jose Celso Barbosa: Puerto Rico -- Founder of the Federalist Party in 1900
- 1870Joseph Hilaire Pierre Belloc: England, United Kingdom -- Author (Path to Rome)
- 1872Stanislav Binicki: Composer
- 1878Th to de Weeme: Painter
- 1879Francesco Gaeta: Italian poet (Il Libro Della Giovinezza)
- 1880Donald Crisp: Scotland, United Kingdom -- Actor (How Green Was My Valley, Pollyana)
- 1880Joseph Tinker: Baseball Hall of Famer (1 / 3 of fame double play combo)
- 1881Hans Fischer: German physicist (Nobel 1930)
- 1890Judith Lowry: Fort Sill, Oklahoma -- Actress (Effect of Gamma Rays ...)
- 1894Gerald F Bogan: US Vice-Admiral (WWII-Pacific Ocean)
- 1898Audley Moore [Queen Mother]: Civil rights activist, humanitarian
Died on July 27
- 0082St Joseph of Arimathea
- 0432Celestine I: Italian Pope (422-32)
- 0916Kliment / Clemens van Ohrid: Bulgaria Bishop of Ohrid / saint
- 1101Koenrad: RC-German King (1087-98)
- 1128Willem van Normandia: Earl of Flanders, dies in battle
- 1214Eustaes van Machelen: Flemish knight, dies in battle
- 1214Stefan van Longchamp: French knight, dies in battle
- 1227Otto II van Lippe: Bishop of Utrecht (1216-27)
- 1233Ferrand of Portugal: Earl of Flanders, dies at 45
- 1638Johan VIII de Jongere: Count of Nassau-Siegen, dies in battle at 54
- 1689John Graham: Of Claverhouse, 1st viscount Dundee / soldier, killed
- 1720Johann Samuel Welter: Composer, dies at 69
- 1759Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis: Biologist / astronomer, dies at 60
- 1777William Hayes: Composer, dies at 69
- 1783Johann Philipp Kirnberger: German music theroist / violist, dies at 62
- 1811Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla: Mexican priest / freedom fighter, executed
- 1822Joseph Supries: Composer, dies at 60
- 1828Gilbert Charles Stuart: Painter
- 1833Bartolommea Capitanio: Italian monastery founder / saint, dies at 26
- 1841Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov: Poet / Novelist
- 1844John Dalton: Engl physicist / chemist (molecular theorist), dies at 77
- 1864Margaret E Breckinridge: US nurse / Daughter of VP John
- 1881Johann Christian Lobe: Composer, dies at 84
- 1883Albert Franz Doppler: Composer, dies at 61
- 1883Montgomery Blair: Lawyer (Dred Scot V Sandford), dies at 70
- 1916Charles Fryatt: British Captain of SS Brussels, executed by Germans
- 1924Ferruccio Benvenuto busoni: Pianist / composer
- 1924Ferruccio Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto Busoni: Composer, dies at 58
- 1934Louis HG Lyautey: French Minister of Defense (1916-17), dies at 79
- 1942William Matthew Finders Petrie: Egyptologist
Events on Jul 28
- 0388Battle at Aquileja: Emperor Theodosius beats Emperor Magnus Maximis
- 0754Pope Stephen II, [III] makes Pippin de Korte, King of France
- 1402Battle at Ancyra / Angora / Ankara: Timur Lenk beats Sultan Bajezid I
- 1434Navigator Gil Eanes leaves Cape Bojador for Lisbon
- 1540English King Henry VIII marries Catharine Howard, his 5th wife
- 1579Cardinal Granvelle returns to Madrid
- 1586Sir Thomas Harriot introduces potatoes to Europe
- 1609Admiral George Somers settles in Bermuda
- 1635Spanish marshal Piccolomini conquerors Schenkenschans
- 1683Anne Stuart marries Prince Georges of Denmark
- 1696De Croissy succeeds Le Plectia as French Minister of Finance
- 1708Monarch Amengkurat II [Sunan Mas] of Mataram gives himself up to VOC
- 1717Prussian King Frederik Willem I gives compulsory education to 5-12 yrs
- 1741Captain Bering discovers Mount St. Elias, Alaska
- 1742Prussia and Austria sign peace treaty
- 1808Mahmud II succeeds Mustafa IV as Sultan of Turkey
- 1821Peru declares independence from Spain (National Day)
- 1830Revolution in France replaces Charles X with Louis Philippe
- 1849Memmon is 1st clipper to reach SF, 120 days out of New York
- 1851Total solar eclipse captured on a daguerreotype photograph
- 18581st use of fingerprints as a means of identification is made by
- 1858Nadar takes 1st airborne photo (in a balloon)
- 1858William Herschel of the Indian Civil Service in India
- 18642nd day of battle at Deep Bottom Run Virginia
- 1864Battle of Atlanta Georgia (Ezra Church) - second sortie US700 CS4642
- 1866Metric system becomes a legal measurement system in US
- 186814th Amendment ratified, grants citizenship to ex-slaves
- 1882Opera "Parsifal" is produced (Beirut)
- 1883Shocks triggered by volcano Epomeo (Isle of Ischia, Italy) destroyed 1,200 houses at Casamicciola killing 2,000
- 1886English Salisbury government forms
Born on Jul 28
- 1456Jacopo Sannazaro: Italian poet (Arcadia)
- 1514Maximilian of Burgundy: Viceroy of Holland
- 1609Judith J Leyster: Dutch house painter, baptised
- 1745Piotr A von der Pahlen: Milt Governor (St Petersburg)
- 1746Thomas Heyward: Soldier, signed Declaration of Independence
- 1778Charles Stewart: Rear Admiral (Union Navy), died in 1869
- 1804Ludwig A Feuerbach: German philosopher (Man is what he eats)
- 1808Charles Lucas: Composer
- 1809Ormsby McKnight Mitchel: Astronomer / Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1813Alberto Mazzucato: Composer
- 1825William Duncan Smith: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862
- 1835Jose Garcia Robles: Composer
- 1837Christian Barnekow: Composer
- 1844Gerard Manley Hopkins: England, United Kingdom -- Poet (Windhover)
- 1859Balington Booth: Founder (Volunteers of America)
- 1868Thomas P Krag: Norwegian writer (Jon Graeff, Ulf Ran)
- 1870Henri Jaspar: Premier of Belgium (1927-31)
- 1872Albert P Sarraut: French Governor-General of Indo-China (1911..19) / Prime Minister (1933 / 36)
- 1874Ernst Cassirer: Germany -- Philosopher / educator (Essay on Man)
- 1887Marcel Duchamp: French painter (Nude Descending a Staircase)
- 1890Marie Lohr: Sydney, NSW -- Actress (Pygmalion, Small Hotel)
- 1892Joe E Brown: Holgate, Ohio -- Comedian (Buck Circus Hour)
- 1892Petro Petridis: Greek composer (Isotope Suite)
- 1893Rued Immanuel Langgaard: Composer
- 1897Emmy Arbous [Emilia J Henke]: Dutch actress (Little Rascal)
- 1900Maurice Johnstone: Composer
- 1901Rudy Vallee: Vermont, United States -- Singer (Vagabond Dreams, My Time Is Your Time)
- 1901Sandor Vandor: Composer
- 1902Karl Raimund Popper: Austrian / British philosopher (Logic of Forschung)
- 1902Kenneth F Fearing: United States -- Poet (Dead Reckoning)
Died on Jul 28
- 0450Theodosius II de Jongere: Emperor Austrian Empire
- 1057Victor II [Gebhard]: Pope (1055-57)
- 1330Michael III: Tsar of Bulgaria, dies in battle
- 1641John Amner: Composer, dies at 61
- 1655Cyrano de Bergerac: French dramatist / Novelist, dies at 36 in Paris, France
- 1655Savinien Cyrano seigneur de Bergerac: French author, dies at 36
- 1655Suzuki Shosan: Samurai / Monk / propagator of Zen Buddhism, dies at 76
- 1667Abraham Cowley: English Poet (Mistress / Sex libri plantarum)
- 1711Gerard Lairesse: Painter, buried
- 1723Mariana Alcoforado: Nun (schreef no Lettres Portuguese), dies at 63
- 1741Antonio Lucio Vivaldi: Italian composer, dies at 63
- 1746John Peter Zenger: Journalist, involved in 1st amendment fight
- 1750Johann Sebastian Bach: German Composer (Art of the Fugue), dies at 65
- 1778Arvid Niclas Hopken: Composer, dies at 68
- 1794Georges Couthon: French politician, beheaded at 39
- 1794Maximilien Robespierre: Fr revolutionary / avocat (1781), guillotined
- 1794Robespierre: And 22 other terrorists executed to thunderous cheers
- 1802Giuseppe Sarti: Italian Composer (Il er pastore, Ifigenia), dies at 72
- 1811Heinrich J von Collin: Austria dramatist / Poet (Coriolan)
- 1837John Ross: Composer, dies at 73
- 1838Bernhard Henrik Crusell: Composer, dies at 62
- 1842C Brentano: Writer, dies at 63
- 1849Charles Albert: King of Sardinia (1831-49)
- 1850Stefano Pavesi: Composer, dies at 71
- 1863James Deshler: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 30
- 1864Johann Hermann Kufferath: Composer, dies at 67
- 1864Samuel Benton: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at about 44
- 1869Carl G Carus: German arts / psychologist / philosopher
- 1872Friedrich Kaiser: Astronomer (Kaiser-Compass)
- 1895Joannes Kappeyne van Coppello: Internal Minister (1877-89), dies at 72