Events on Jan 19
- 0379Theodosius installed as co-Emperor of East Roman Empire
- 0973Pope Benedictus VI elected
- 1419French city of Rouen surrenders to Henry V in Hundred Years War
- 1668King Louis XIV and Emperor Leopold I sign treaty dividing Spain
- 1714Richard Steele publishes "Crisis, " defending Hanoverian success
- 1770Battle of Golden Hill (Lower Manhattan)
- 1793French King Louis XVI sentenced to death
- 1795Democratic revolution in Amsterdam ends oligarchy
- 1806Britain occupies Cape of Good Hope
- 1808Louis Napoleon signs 1st Dutch aviation law
- 1825Ezra Daggett and nephew Thomas Kensett patent food storage in tin cans
- 1833Charles Darwin reaches Straits Ponsonby, Fireland
- 1839Aden conquered by British East India Company
- 1840Antarctica discovered, Charles Wilkes expedition (US claim)
- 1861Georgia becomes 5th state to secede
- 1861MS troops take Ft Massachusetts an Ship Island
- 1863General Mieroslawski appointed Dictator of Poland
- 1865NV Suriname Bank established
- 1865Union occupies Fort Anderson, North Carolina
- 18711st Negro lodge of US Masons approved, New Jersey
- 1885Battle at Abu Klea Sudan: 800-1000 killed
- 1886Aurora Ski Club, 1st in US, founded in Minnesota
- 1898Brown defeats Harvard 6-0 in 1st intercollegiate hockey game
- 1899Anglo-Egyptian Sudan forms
- 19031st regular transatlantic radio broadcast between US and England
- 1903New bicycle race "Tour de France" announced
- 1910Germany and Bolivia ends commerce / friendship treaty
- 1910National Institute of Arts & Letters incorporated by Congress
- 19151st German Zeppelin attack over Great Britain, 4 die
- 1915Neon Tube sign patented by George Claude
Born on Jan 19
- 1200Dogen Kigen: Japan -- Zen teacher and 1st Patriarch of the Japanese Soto
- 1613Jacques Huyn: Composer
- 1676John Weldon: Composer
- 1679Girolamo Chiti: Composer
- 1686Hakuin Ekakuborn: Japan -- Zen Buddhist
- 1736James Watt: Scotland, United Kingdom -- Inventor (steam engine)
- 1736Laurens P van de Spiegel: Dutch regent / Secretary of State 1787-95
- 1737Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre: Fr writer (Paul et Virgin)
- 1749Isaiah Thomas: United States -- Printer / editor / publisher / historian
- 1760Melchor Lopez Jimenez: Composer
- 1798Auguste Comte: Philosopher / founder (sociology and positivism)
- 1802[Jean] Silvain van de Weyer: 1st Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1831)
- 1806Vaclav Jindrich Veit: Composer
- 1813Henry Bessemer: Engineer / inventor (Bessemer engine)
- 1816Henry Gray: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1892
- 1820John Haskell King: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1888
- 1830George Blake Cosby: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1909
- 1832Ferdinand Laub: Composer
- 1832Salvador Giner y Vidal: Composer
- 1837William Williams Keen: Surgeon (brain)
- 1839Bohumil Pazdirek: Composer
- 1851David Starr Jordan: New York, United States -- Biologist / university President (Leland Stanford)
- 1851Johannes C Kapteyn: Dutch astronomer
- 1858Eugene Brieux: French playwright (Blanchette, Lesson Avaries)
- 1859Alice Eastwood: Toronto, Ontario -- Botanist (Handbook of Trees of California)
- 1863Werner Sombart: German fascist (Juden und das Wirtschaftsleben)
- 1866Harry Davenport: NYC, New York -- Actor / director (Her Unborn Child, My Sin)
- 1868Gustav Meyrink: Writer
- 1869Alfred R Zimmerman: Mayor (Rotterdam 1906-22) / Dir (League of Nations)
- 1873Hans E Blaich: Writer
Died on Jan 19
- 1549Barthout van Assendelft: 1st land advocate of Holland
- 1576Hans Sachs: Composer, dies at 81
- 1591Edmond Auger: French Jesuit (under Henri III), dies at about 60
- 1625Erhard Buttner: Composer, dies at 32
- 1629Abbas I: Shah of Persia (1588-1629), dies at 57
- 1647Johan van Beverwijck: Physician (Treas of Ongesontheyt), dies at 52
- 1669Leo Allatios: Greek / Italian Theologist / literary, dies at about 82
- 1692John Commelin: Director of Hortus Botanist (Amsterdam), dies at 62
- 1795Maria Teresa Agnesi: Composer, dies at 74
- 1805Johann Gottlieb Karl Spazier: Composer, dies at 43
- 1830Wenzel Thomas Matiegka: Composer, dies at 56
- 1839Georg Abraham Schneider: Composer, dies at 38
- 1874H v Fallersleben: Writer, dies at 75
- 1878Henri V Regnault: French physicist / chemist, dies at 67
- 1885Fred Burnaby: English Colonel / balloon pioneer, dies in battle
- 1893Julius Eichberg: Composer, dies at 68
- 1894Francois Haverschmidt: Dutch writer, dies at 58
- 1913David Emlyn Evans: Composer, dies at 69
- 1927Charlotte MAAVCL: Princess of Belg / emp of Mexico (1864-67), dies at 86
- 1934Armand Parent: Composer, dies at 70
- 1944Harold Fraser-Simson: Composer, dies at 71
- 1945Ernest B Allo: French theologist, dies at 71
- 1951Constantin Nottara: Composer, dies at 60
- 1962Snub Pollard: Actor (Limelight, Arizona Days), dies of cancer at 72
- 1965Frank Reicher: Actor (King Kong, Nazi Agent, Son of Kong), dies at 89
- 1967Grace Cunard: Actress (Untamed, Ressurection), dies at 73
- 1970Hal March: Actor (Atomic Kit, Outrage, Yankee Pasha), dies at 49
- 1973Max Adrian: Actor (Boy Friend, Her Favorite Husband), dies at 69
- 1975Thomas Heart Benson: US artist, dies at 85
- 1976Kevin Coughlin: Actor (T R Ryan-Mama), killed in hit-&-run at 30
Historical events on January 20
- 0250St. Fabian ends his reign as Catholic Pope (236-50)
- 0820Book of mother, published
- 1045Giovanni di Sabina elected Pope Sylvester III
- 12651st English Parliament called into session by Earl of Leicester
- 1320Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes King of Poland
- 1356Scottish King Edward Baliol resigns
- 1503Casa Contratacion (Board of Trade) found (Spain) to deal with American affairs
- 1513Christian II succeeds Johan I as Danish / Norwegian King
- 1648Cornerstone of Amsterdam townhall laid
- 1667Treaty of Andrussovo-ends 13 year war between Poland and Russia
- 17781st American military court martial trial begins, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 17811st edition of Pieter It Hoens "Post of Neder-Rhijn" published
- 1783Hostilities cease in Revolutionary War
- 1785Samuel Ellis advertises to sell Oyster Island (Ellis Is), no takers
- 1788Pioneer African Baptist church organizes in Savannah, Georgia
- 1801John Marshall appointed US Chief Justice
- 1807Napoleon convenes great Sanhedrin, Paris
- 18091st US geology book published by William Maclure
- 1840Dutch King Willem II crowned
- 1841China cedes Hong Kong to British
- 1850Investigator, 1st ship to effect northwest passage, leaves England
- 1860Dutch troops conquer Watampone in Celebes
- 1868Florida constitutional convention meets in Tallahassee
- 1869Elizabeth Cady Stanton becomes 1st woman to testify before Congress
- 1870"City of Boston" vanishes at sea with all 177 aboard
- 1870Hiram R Revels elected to fill unexpired term of Jefferson Davis
- 1872California Stock Exchange Board organized
- 1879British troops under Lord Chelmsford set camp at Isandlwana
- 1883Billy Barnes takes a hat-trick, England vs. Aust MCG
- 1887US Senate approves naval base lease of Pearl Harbor
Born on January 20
- 1622Susanna van Baerle: Dutch poet / Wife of Geeraert Burns
- 1654Michiel de Swaen: Netherlands -- Physician / poet
- 1681Francesco Bartolomeo Conti: Composer
- 1703Joseph-Hector Fiocco: Composer
- 1716Carlos III: King of Naples / Spain (1759-88) Pompei / Jesuits
- 1732Richard H Lee: US farmer (signed Declaration of Independence)
- 1743Pascal Boyer: Composer
- 1761Giovanni Domenico Perotti: Composer
- 1762Jerome-Joseph de Momigny: Composer
- 1782Johan B J F S: Archduke of Austria
- 1806Nathaniel Willis: Writer / editor / founder (American Monthly Magazine)
- 1809Sebastian de Iradier: Spanish composer (La Paloma)
- 1812Ralph Pomeroy Buckland: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1892
- 1813Jacon Gartner Lauman: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1867
- 1820Anne Jemima Clough: England, United Kingdom -- Promoted higher education for women
- 1831Pieter J Joubert: General (South Africa)
- 1843Pierre-Paul Cambon: French diplomat (Madrid, Constantinople, London)
- 1844Johan Peter Selmer: Composer
- 1847W R Pettiford: Founder (Alabama Penny Savings Bank)
- 1855Amedee-Ernest Chausson: Composer
- 1865Friedrich A H von Waldeck: Brother of Queen Emma / last ruler of Waldeck
- 1866Richard Le Gallienne: English writer (Maker of Gainborg)
- 1870Guillaume Jean Joseph Nicolas Lekeu: Composer
- 1873Charles A Ellwood: United States -- Sociologist / psychologist
- 1873Johannes V Jensen: Denmark -- Novelist / poet (Energy Storage, Nobel 1944)
- 1877Ruth St Denis: Newark, New Jersey -- Ballerina (Dances of the 5 Senses)
- 1878Finlay Currie: Scotland, United Kingdom -- Actor (Quo Vadis, Ivanhoe, Avengers)
- 1883Betram Home Ramsay: English Admiral / Commander Allied Naval Forces
- 1884A[braham P] Merritt: United States -- Sci-fi author (Moon Pool, Creep Shadow!)
- 1888Leadbelly: Louisiana, United States -- Blues 12 string guitarist (Rock Island Line)
Died on January 20
- 0250Fabianus: Pope (236-50) / saint
- 0842Theophilus: Byzantine kaiser (829-42)
- 0882Louis II / III the Younger: German King (876-82)
- 1479John II: King of Aragon / Navarra, dies at 81
- 1612Rudolf II von Habsburg: Emperor of Germany (1576-1612), dies at 59
- 1639Mustapha I: Sultan of Turkey (1622-23)
- 1666Anna of Austria: Queen of France / Daughter of Philip III, dies at 64
- 1691Christian de Placker: Composer, dies at 77
- 1713Pavao Vitezovic: Croatian historian
- 1727John van Bylevelt: Catholic apostole
- 1745Charles VII Albert: German Emperor (1742-45), dies at 47
- 1779John Burman: Dutch Botanist / director (botanical gardens), dies at 71
- 1789Johann Christoph Oley: Composer, dies at 50
- 1798Christian Cannabich: German Composer / royal chaplain master, dies at 66
- 1813C M Wieland: Writer, dies at 79
- 1819Carlos IV: King of Spain (1788-1808), dies at 70
- 1830Michal Bogdanowicz: Composer, dies at 50
- 1837John Soane: English Architect (Book of Designs), dies at 84
- 1838Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges: Composer, dies at 64
- 1857Edward Francis Fitzwilliam: Composer, dies at 32
- 1859B v Arnim: Writer, dies at 73
- 1859Bettina Brentano: Composer, dies at 73
- 1862Felix Zollicoffer: General killed after mistakenly riding into Union lines
- 1882John Linnell: British Painter / minaturist / engraver
- 1890Franz Paul Lachner: Composer, dies at 86
- 1891David Kalakahua: Emperor of Hawaii
- 1896Heinrich M von Battenberg: German son-in-law of Victoria, dies at 37
- 1900John Ruskin: English writer (Dearest Mama Talbot), dies of flu at 81
- 1900Richard D Blackmore: English Novelist (Lorna Doone), dies at 74
- 1905Stanislaw Pilinski: Composer, dies at 65
Events on Jan 21
- 1077German King Heinrich IV petitions Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness
- 1189Philip II, Henry II and Richard Lion hearted initiate 3rd Crusade
- 1276Pierre de Tarantaise elected Pope Innocence V
- 1324Zen Buddhist religious debate between Tendai and Shingon
- 1522Head inquisitor Adrian Florisz Boeyens elected pope
- 1542Parliament passes bill of attainder against Queen Katherine Howard
- 1604Tsar Ivan IV defeats False Dmitri, who claims to be the true tsar
- 16771st medical publication in America (pamphlet on smallpox), Boston
- 1732Russia and Persia sign Treaty of Riascha
- 1793Prussia and Russia sign partition treaty (Poland divided)
- 1813Pineapple introduced to Hawaii (or 01 / 111)
- 1821Paramaribo Suriname catches fire, 4 die
- 1824Ashantees defeat British at Accra, West Africa
- 1827Freedom Journal, 1st Black paper, begins publishing
- 1830Portsmouth (Ohio) blacks forcibly deported
- 1853Envelope-folding machine patented by Russell Hawes, Worcester, Massachusetts
- 1861Jefferson Davis of Mississippi and 4 other southern senators resign
- 1863City of Dublin leases part of Cattle Market for 100,000 years
- 18801st US sewage disposal system separate from storm drains, Memphis
- 1887Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) forms
- 18901st issue of Propria Cures, Amsterdam student-weekly newspaper
- 1894Oscar Fredriksen skates world record 500m in 47.8 seconds
- 1903"Wizard of Oz, " premieres in New York City
- 1903Harry Houdini escapes police station Halvemaansteeg in Amsterdam
- 1903International Theater (Majestic, Park) opens at 5 Columbus Circle New York City
- 1907Kenora Thistles sweep Mont Wanderers in 2 for Stanley Cup
- 1908New York City regulation makes it illegal for a woman to smoke in public
- 1910British-Russian military intervention in Persia
- 1913Aristide Briand forms French government
- 1915Kiwanis International founded in Detroit
Born on Jan 21
- 1337Charles V [the Wise]: King of France (1364-80)
- 1571John I Pontanus: Physicist / historian (Amsterdam)
- 1659Adriaen van der Werff: Dutch portrait painter / engraver / architect
- 1735Johann Gottfried Eckard: Composer
- 1743John Fitch: Inventor (had a working steamboat years before Fulton)
- 1751Josephus Andreas Fodor: Composer
- 1759Johan Valckenaer: Dutch politician / patriot
- 1762Giuseppe Antonio Silvani: Composer
- 1771Arnold A Buyskes: Dutch Vice-Admiral / colonial director
- 1775Manuel Garcia: Composer
- 1792Tsjalling Hiddes Halbertsma: Fries story teller (Rhymes & Tales)
- 1796John Gelinde van Blom: Frisian notary / author
- 1801Ramon Vilanova y Barrera: Composer
- 1814Thomas Attwood Walmisley: Composer
- 1815Horace Wells: Dentist (pioneered use of medical anethesia)
- 1821John Cabell Breckinridge: (D) 14th US VP (1857-61) / Major General (Confed)
- 1823Alexandre Edouard Goria: Composer
- 1824Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson: Lieutenant General 2nd Corps (ANV, Confed)
- 1829Oscar II Frederik: King of Sweden (1872-1907) / Norway (-1905) / poet
- 1840Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake: Pioneer English woman Physician
- 1848Henri Duparc: French composer
- 1855John M Browning: United States -- Weapons manufacturer
- 1859Antoni Wincenty Rutkowski: Composer
- 1867James Marcus: Actor (Eagle, Little Lord Fauntleroy, Lone Avenger)
- 1867Maxime Weygard: French General / Governor-General (Algeria)
- 1867Willem C Royaards: Dutch theater director (Summer Games)
- 1872Frans Beelaerts van Blokland: Dutch Foreign Minister
- 1872Jonkhr Frans Beelaerts van Blokland: Dutch Foreign Minister
- 1875John Lindworsky: German Jesuit / psychologist (Der Wille)
- 1875Paul E Kahle: Germany -- Professor of Oriental Studies
Died on Jan 21
- 0879Boudouin with the Iron Arm: Earl of Flanders
- 1118Paschalis II [Raniero]: Pope (1099-1118)
- 1596John Ligarius: German Theologist / Prime Minister, dies at 66
- 1609Joseph Justus Scaliger: French inventor of "Julian Period", dies at 68
- 1665Domenico Mazzocchi: Composer, dies at 72
- 1670Honorat de Brueil seigneur de Racan: French playwright, dies at 80
- 1683Anthony Ashley Cooper: 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, dies at 61
- 1686Nicolas-Francois Blondel: French architect
- 1704Willem B Schepers: Dutch Merchant / ship owner, dies at about 83
- 1746Gottfried Kirkhoff: Composer, dies at 60
- 1774Mustapha III: Sultan of Turkey (1957-74), dies at 56
- 1793Louis XVI: French King (1774-93), beheaded by revolutionaries at 38
- 1815M Claudius: Writer, dies at 74
- 1831Achim v Arnim: Writer, dies at 49
- 1851Gustav Albert Lortzing: Composer, dies at 49
- 1871John J Rochussen: Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies (1845-51), dies at 73
- 1872Franz Grillparzer: Austrian playwright (Sappho / Libussa), dies at 81
- 1882Anton Emil Titl: Composer, dies at 72
- 1883Jacopo Tomadini: Composer, dies at 62
- 1884Auguste Franchomme: Composer, dies at 75
- 1888Stephan Hale Alonzo Marsh: Composer, dies at 83
- 1891Calixa Lavallee: Composer, dies at 48
- 1892John Couch Adams: English co-discoverer of Neptune
- 1894Guillaume Jean Joseph Nicolas Lekeu: Composer, dies at 24
- 1903Hermanus J A M Schaepman: Dutch clergyman / politician, dies at 58
- 1924Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin: Russian leader, dies of a stroke at 53
- 1926Camillo Golgi: Ital medical research (malaria, Nobel 1906), dies at 81
- 1927Floris H Verster: Dutch Painter / cartoonist / etcher, dies at 65
- 1931Felix Blumenfeld: Composer, dies at 67
- 1932[Giles] Lytton Strachey: British biographer / critic, dies at 51