Events on Apr 24

• 0858Nicolaas I succeeds Benedict III as pope
• 1288Jews of Yroyes France are accused of ritual murder
• 1311Gen Malik Kafur returns to Delhi after campaign in South India
• 1364Pope Urbabus V names John V van Virneburg as Bishop of Utrecht
• 1524Duke of Bourbon drives Admiral Bonnivet out of Milan
• 1558Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland marries French crown Prince Francois
• 1570Battles between Spanish troops and followers of Sultan Suleiman
• 1596Pacificatie of Ireland drawn
• 1704"Boston News-Letter, " 1st successful newspaper in US, forms
• 1792"La Marseillaise" composed by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle
• 1800Library of Congress establishes with $5,000 allocation
• 1833Jacob Evert and George Dulty patent soda fountain
• 1833Patent granted for 1st soda fountain
• 1865Fire alarm and police telegraph system put into operation (San Francisco)
• 1867Black demonstrators stage ride-ins on Richmond Va streetcars
• 1871Opera "Aida" is produced (Cairo)
• 1872Volcano Vesuvius erupts
• 1877Last federal occupying troops withdraw from south (New Orleans)
• 1877Russia declares war on Turkey through Romania
• 1884National Medical Association of Black physicians organizes (Atlanta)
• 1888Eastman Kodak forms
• 1891Start of Sherlock Holmes adventure "Final Problem"
• 1894French cyclist Henri Desgrange rides 100km in world record 2:39:18
• 1894Phillies Lave Cross hits for cycle vs. Brooklyn Dodgers
• 1895Joshua Slocum completes around-the-world voyage in 11-m boat
• 18971st reporter, William Price (Washington Star), assigned to White House
• 1898Spain declares war on US rejecting ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba
• 1898US fleet under commodore Dewey sails from Hong Kong to Philippines
• 1899Transvaal British Uitlanders ask Queen Victoria for aid
• 1900Passing of Andrew Halliday, cable car pioneer

Born on Apr 24

• 1538Gugliemo Gonzaga: Composer
• 1594Benedikt Lechler: Composer
• 1620John Graunt: Statistician, founder of science of demography
• 1660Cornelis Dusart: Dutch painter / engraver
• 1670Christian Ludwig Boxberg: Composer
• 1706Giovanni Battista Martini: Composer
• 1721Johann Philipp Kirnberger: German composer, baptised
• 1742Roman Hoffstetter: Composer
• 1743Edmund Cartwright: England, United Kingdom -- Cleric, inventor (power loom)
• 1750Simon-Antoine-Jean Lhuillier: Switzerland -- Mathematician
• 1773Harman W Muntinghe: Lawyer / Dutch colonial director
• 1791Nikolaj A Bestuzhev: Russia -- Writer / painter (Account about Holland)
• 1796K L Immermann: Writer
• 1804Thomas Oliver Selfridge: Comm (Union Navy)
• 1807Charles Ferguson Smith: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1862
• 1814Angela Burdett-Coutts: Philanthropist extrordinaire
• 1815Anthony Trollope: England, United Kingdom -- Novelist / poet (Barchester Towers)
• 1815James Edward Harrison: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1875
• 1822Erastus Barnard Tyler: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1824Fournier: Swiss / French postage stamp forger
• 1828Robert Brank Vance: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899
• 1829George Peabody Estey: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1881
• 1836Jeltje de Bosch Kemper: Dutch feminist
• 1837Friedrich von Holstein: German diplomat (die graue Eminenz)
• 1845Carl Spitteler: Switzerland -- Poet (Prometheus & Epimetheus; Nobel 1919)
• 1864George AA Alting van Geusau: Director-General (PTT) / Dutch Minister of War (1918-20)
• 1867Fannie Thomas: Became oldest known American (113 y 273 d at death)
• 1874John Russell Pope: United States -- Architect (Jefferson Memorial)
• 1874Willem E Roelofs: Dutch painter / cartoonist
• 1875Jeno Huszka: Composer

Died on Apr 24

• 0709Wilfried: Bishop of York, dies at about 76
• 0729Egbert[us]: English Bishop / saint, dies in Iona at 89
• 1077Geza I: King of Hungary (1074-7)
• 1185Antoku Taira: Emperor of Japan (1180-85), drowns
• 1530Jacopo Sannazaro: Italian Poet (De partu Virginis)
• 1617Carlo Concino: French Marquis of Ancre / state advisor, murdered
• 1731Daniel Defoe: English Novelist (Robinson Crusoe)
• 1758Florian Wrastill: Composer, dies at 41
• 1776Carolus van de Abeele: Flemish Jesuit, dies at 84
• 1776Giuseppi Paolucci: Composer, dies at 49
• 1824Herman Muntinghe: Theologist (History of Mankind), dies at 71
• 1827Pierre Joseph Candielle: Composer, dies at 82
• 1850Louis Alexandre Piccinni: Composer, dies at 70
• 1855Walenty Karol Kratzer: Composer, dies at 75
• 1875Jose Maria de la Purificacion Ventura: Composer, dies at 58
• 1891Count Helmuth K B von Moltke: Prussian General / Field Marshal
• 1900George J D Campbell: British Minister of Indies (1868-74, 80-85), dies at 76
• 1904Friedrich Siemens: German industrial, dies at 77
• 1917Oskar Blumenthal: Writer
• 1922Richard Batka: Composer, dies at 53
• 1928Ferdinand B Hummel: Composer, dies at 72
• 1935Paul Klengel: Composer, dies at 80
• 1936Alphons Diepenbrock: Composer, dies at 73
• 1936Bernard van Dieren: Composer, dies at 51
• 1939John Foulds: Composer, dies at 58
• 1943Gerardus H de Hare: Socialist vicar, dies at 63
• 1945Anton de Kom: Suriname resistance fighter, dies at 47
• 1945Hubert Bath: Composer, dies at 61
• 1948Joseph Wihtol: Composer, dies at 84
• 1948Manuel Marua Ponce: Mexican Composer (Ferial), dies at 65

Historical events on April 25

• 1185Sea battle at Dan-no-ura: Minamoto Yoritomo beats Taira-family
• 1449Anti-pope Felix V resigns
• 1507Geographer Martin Waldseemuller 1st used name America
• 1607Battle at Gibraltar: Dutch fleet beats Spanish / Portuguese fleet
• 1614Amsterdam Bank of Loan forms
• 1626Battle at the Dessauer bridge: Monarch Albrecht von Wallenstein beats Earl of Mansfeld
• 1660London Convention Parliament begins
• 1660Parliament meets and votes to restore Charles II
• 1678French troops conquer Ypres
• 1684Patent granted for thimble
• 1707Battle of Almansa-Franco-Spanish forces defeat Anglo-Portuguese
• 1719Daniel Defoes publishes "Robinson Crusoe"
• 1747Prince Willem V appointed Viceroy of Zealand
• 1792Guillotine 1st used, executes highwayman Nicolas J Pelletier
• 1850Paul Julius Reuter, use 40 pigeons to carry stock market prices
• 1859Ground broken for Suez Canal
• 18617th New York arrives to reinforce Washington, DC
• 1861Battle of Lavaca, Texas
• 1862Battle of New Orleans LA - US Admiral Farragut occupies New Orleans
• 1867Tokyo opens for foreign trade
• 1875Latest date for measurable snow in NYC (3")
• 1876Chicago Cubs 1st NL game, beats Louisville 4-0 (1st NL shutout)
• 1881250,000 Germans petition to bar foreign Jews from entering Germany
• 1881French troops occupy Algeria and Tunisia
• 1886Sigmund Freud opens practice at Rathausstrasse 7, Vienna
• 1891President Benjamin Harrison visits San Francisco
• 1896Fight in Central Dance Hall starts fire (Cripple Creek Colorado)
• 1896Sidney Jones and Harry Greenbacks musical premieres in London
• 1898US declares war on Spain over Cuba
• 1901In last of 9th, Detroit Tigers, trailing by 13-4, score 10 runs to win one of greatest comebacks in baseball (1st game in Detroit)

Born on April 25

• 1214Louis IX: King of France (1226-70)
• 1228Koenraad IV: Roman Catholic German King (1237-54)
• 1284Edward II: King of England (1307-27)
• 1567Aurelio Signoretti: Composer
• 1599Oliver Cromwell: Puritan lord protector of England (1653-58)
• 1614Hieronymus van Beverningk: Chief Dutch treasurer / maecenas
• 1666Johann Heinrich Buttstett: Composer
• 1677Guillaume Coustou, Sr.: French sculptor (Chevaux the Marly)
• 1690Gottlieb Theophil Muffat: Composer
• 1710James Ferguson: Astronomer
• 1723Giovanni Marco Rutini: Composer
• 1730Fedele Fenaroli: Composer
• 1769Mark Isambard Brunel: Engineer / inventor
• 1792John Keble: Anglican priest / founder (Oxford Movement)
• 1818Marek Konrad Sokolowski: Composer
• 1824Gustave-Rodolphe-Clarence Boulanger: Painter
• 1825Charles Ferdinand Dowd: United States -- Standardized time zones
• 1837William Charles Levey: Composer
• 1840James Dearing: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1865
• 1841Pauline Lucca: Soprano
• 1842Antonio Fogazzarro: Italian writer / poet (Il santo / Leila)
• 1849Felix Klein: German mathematician (Evanston Colloquium)
• 1862Edward Grey: English Viscount of Fallodon / Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1867Jean Demoor: Belgian Physician / physiologist
• 1869Karl Prohaska: Composer
• 1871Sara Amsel: Indonesian / Dutch actress
• 1876Ruben Marcos Campos: Composer
• 1881Hans Windisch: German new testament expert
• 1883Elsa Maxwell: Keokuk, Iowa -- Writer (Jack Paar Show)
• 1895Stanley Rous: British soccer official

Died on April 25

• 0974Ratherius of Verona / Liege: Bishop / abbot, dies at about 84
• 1342Benedict XII [Jacques Fournier]: Pope (1334-42)
• 1472Leon Battista degli Alberti: Scupltor / musician (Dinner Pieces)
• 1482Margaret of Anjou: Queen (Henry VI)
• 1566Diane de Poitiers: Lover of French King Henry II
• 1595Torquato Tasso: Italian Poet / playwright, dies at 51
• 1607Don Juan Alvarez: Spanish Admiral (Gibraltar), dies in battle
• 1607Jacob van Heemskerck: Dutch Admiral (Nova Zambia), dies in battle
• 1635Alessandro Tassoni: Ital political writer (Rape of Bucket), dies at 69
• 1647Matthias Gallas: Austrian Earl of Campo / Duke of Lucerna, dies at 62
• 1663Heinrich Pape: Composer, dies at 53
• 1690David Teniers the Younger: Flemish Painter (Pictorium), dies at 79
• 1728John Woodward: Geologist / physician
• 1744Anders Celsius: Swed astronomer (Centegrade Thermometer), dies at 42
• 1792Johann Friedrich Gottlieb Beckmann: Composer, dies at 54
• 1792Nicolas J Pelletier: Frenchman, 1st guillotined
• 1800William Cowper: English lawyer / Poet (Olney Hymns), dies at 68
• 1808Alois Luigi Tomasini: Composer, dies at 66
• 1822Frederick "William" Herschel: German / British astronomer, dies at 83
• 1828John Goldberg: Dutch patriot / statesman, dies at 64
• 1845Thomas Duncan: Painter
• 1853William Beaumont: Physiologist
• 1862Charles Ferguson Smith: US Union General Major, dies of infection at 55
• 1873Walter de la Mare: Engl Poet / Author (Behold the Dreamer), dies at 43
• 1905Jacob Olie: Dutch photographer, dies at about 70
• 1906John Knowles Paine: US composer, dies at 67
• 1925George Stephanescu: Composer, dies at 81
• 1926Ellen K S Key: Swed Author / feminist (Century of the Child), dies at 76
• 1928Pjotr N Wrangel: Russian Baron General, dies at 49
• 1937Clem Sohn: Air show performer dies at 26 when his chute fails to open

Events on Apr 26

• 0757Paolo Orsini replaces his brother Pope Stephen II, as Paul I
• 1220German King Frederick II grants bishops sovereign rights
• 14781st Easter
• 1514Copernicus makes his 1st observations of Saturn
• 1532Sultan Suleiman through Hungary on away to Vienna
• 1564William Shakespeare baptized
• 16071st British to establish an American colony land at Cape Henry, Virginia
• 1654Jews are expelled from Brazil
• 1677Emperor Leopold I forms University of Innsbruck
• 1709Frisian Viceroy Johan Willem Friso marries countess Maria Louisa
• 1721Smallpox vaccination 1st administrated
• 17551st Russian university opens (Moscow)
• 1777Sybil Ludington, 16, rode from New York to Ct rallying her fathers militia
• 1814King Louis XVIII lands on Calais, from England
• 1819Odd Fellows Lodge forms
• 1841"Bombay Gazette" begins publishing on silk
• 1853Dutch King William III disbands 2nd Chamber
• 1855Composer Gioacchino Rossini leaves Italy
• 1865Battle of Durham Station, NC (Greensboro)
• 1865Battle of Ft Tobacco, Virginia
• 1865Confederate General J E Johnston surrenders Army of Tenn, at Durham, North Carolina
• 1887Huntsville Electric Co forms to sell electricity
• 1890Henry Morton Stanley inaugurated in London
• 18931st Cleveland Board of Park Commissioners forms
• 1900AL opener in Cleveland draws 6,500
• 1904Bell Telephone Company of Antwerp Belgium forms
• 1905Cubs Jack McCarthy becomes only major league player to throw out 3 runners at plate in 1 game, all were ends of a double play
• 19061st motion pictures shown in Hawaii
• 1907Jamestown, Va Tercentenary Exposition opens
• 19121st homerun hit at Fenway Park (Hugh Bradley, Red Sox)

Born on Apr 26

• 0121Antonius Marcus Aurelius [Marcus A Verus]: Emperor of Rome (161-180)
• 1319Jean II [the Good]: King of France (1350-64)
• 1538Giovanni P Lomazzo: Italian writer / poet (Trattato)
• 1567Nicolas Forme: Composer
• 1603Francesco Nigetti: Composer
• 1637Philip J van Lichtenbergh: Governor of Suriname
• 1648Pedro II: King of Portugal (1683-1706)
• 1711David Hume: English empiricist / philosopher (Treatise of Human Nature)
• 1718Esek Hopkins: United States -- 1st Commander-in-Chief (US Navy)
• 1726Pasquale Paoli: Corsican freedom fighter
• 1776Joan M Kemper: Dutch lawyer (designed civil code law book)
• 1782Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Sicily: Wife of Louis Phillip of Austria
• 1787Ludwig Uhland: Writer
• 1796Auguste-Matthieu Panseron: Composer
• 1806Ludwig Friedrich Hetsch: Composer
• 1812Alfred Krupp: German arms Merchant
• 1820Alice Cary: Cincinnati, Ohio -- American poet (Cincinnati Sentinel)
• 1822Frederick Law Olmsted: Architect / writer (designed Central Park)
• 1822Jan Albert van Eyken: Composer / Organist
• 1827Charles Edward Hovey: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1834Artemus Ward [Charles Farrar Browne]: Humorist
• 1834Horatio Richmond Palmer: Composer
• 1836Erminnie Adelle Platt: United States -- Ethnologist (Iriquois-English Dictionary)
• 1839Cyrus Hamblin: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1867
• 1841Wilhelm Scherer: German literature historian
• 1863Arno Holz: Writer
• 1863Charles Haslewood Shannon: Lithographer / painter
• 1868Harold Sidney Harmsworth: 1st Viscount Rothermere / Newspaper publisher
• 1868Robert Herrick: US writer (Common lot)
• 1873Otto zur Linde: German author (Charon)

Died on Apr 26

• 1196Alfonso II: King of Aragon (1162-96)
• 1444Robert Campin: South Netherlands Painter / porter of Doornik, dies at about 65
• 1558Jean Francois Fernel: French physician
• 1648Christoph Thomas Walliser: Composer, dies at 79
• 1703Georg Christoph Leuttner: Composer, dies at 58
• 1726Jeremy Collier: Engl Bishop / Historian / opponent to theater, dies at 75
• 1785Karl Siegmund von Seckendorff: Composer, dies at 40
• 1789Peter I Panin: Russian General (Pugatshov-uprising), dies at about 67
• 1827Bernardo Ottani: Composer, dies at 90
• 1865Charles J Sax: Belgian inventor (saxophone), dies at 74
• 1865John Wilkes Booth: Assassin, is shot dead near Bowling Green VA at 27
• 1907Pietro Plantania: Composer, dies at 79
• 1922Hans Sommer: Composer, dies at 84
• 1924Josef Labor: Composer, dies at 82
• 1938Edmund Husserl: German philosopher (study of phenomenon), dies at 79
• 1940Carl Bosch: German chemist (BASF, IG Farben, Nobel 1931), dies at 65
• 1941Jean Demoor: Belgian Physician / physiologist / educationalist, dies at 74
• 1946Hermann Keyserling: Count / philosopher (Unsterblichkeit), dies at 65
• 1951John Alden Carpenter: US Composer (Sea Drift), dies at 75
• 1952Charles L Baars: Dutch actor (Women Tamers), dies at 59
• 1956Edward Arnold: Actor (Mr Smith Goes to Washington), dies at 66
• 1958Johan N C "Joan" Collette: Painter, dies at 68
• 1960Wander J de Haas: Dut physicist (Einstein-De Haas effect), dies at 82
• 1961Gail Russell: Actress (Calcutta, Moonrise, El Paso), dies at 36
• 1964Edwin John Pratt: Canadian Poet (Towards the Last Spike), dies at 81
• 1964Pieter van der Lijn: Dutch geologist (Boulder Book), dies at 93
• 1965Aaron Avshalomov: Composer, dies at 70
• 1970Gypsy Rose Lee: Stripper / actress (Pruitts of S Hampton), dies at 56
• 1970John Knittel: Writer, dies at 79
• 1972Margaret A R Bonds: US pianist / Composer / arranger, dies at 59