Events on Jan 9
- 1296Earl Floris V signs accord with French King
- 1317Phillips V, the Tall, crowned King of France
- 1349700 Jews of Basel Switzerland, burned alive in their houses
- 1428Pope Martinus V declares Jacoba van Beierens marriage invalid
- 14641st meeting of States-General of the Netherlands
- 14931st sight of manatees (by Christopher Columbus)
- 1522Adriaan F Boeyens elected only Dutch Pope (Adrian VI)
- 1558Geneva becomes independent from Berne canton, Switzerland
- 1570Tsar Ivan the terrible kills 1000-2000 residents of Novgorod
- 1718France declares war on Spain
- 1760Afghans defeat Marathas in battle of Barari Ghat
- 1788Connecticut becomes 5th state
- 1792Russia and Turkey sign Peace of Jassy
- 17931st hot-air balloon flight in the US lifts off in Philadelphia
- 1793Dutch Prince Willem V establishes 2 brigades Drive Artillery
- 1793Jean Pierre Blanchard makes 1st balloon flight in North America
- 1799Income Tax introduced in the UK
- 1812Swedish Pomerania (Germany) seized by Napoleon
- 1834HMS Beagle / Charles Darwin arrives in Port San Julian, Patagonia
- 1839Daguerrotype photo process announced at French Academy of Science
- 1839Thomas Henderson measures 1st stellar parallax (Alpha Centauri)
- 18471st SF newspaper published (California Star)
- 18481st commercial bank in SF established
- 1854Astor Library opens in New York City
- 1855Clipper Guiding Star disappears in Atlantic, 480 dies
- 18577.9 earthquake shakes Fort Tejon, California
- 18611st hostile act of Civil War; Star of West fired on, Sumter, South Carolina
- 1861Mississippi becomes 2nd state to secede
- 1866Fisk University establishes
- 1879Cheyenne prisoners led by Dull Knife revolt at Ft Robinson
Born on Jan 9
- 1554Gregory XV [Alessandro Ludovisi]: Pope (1621-23)
- 1574Christoph Buel: Composer
- 1620Johann Weichmann: Composer
- 1695John E Loovens: Lawyer
- 1699Robert J Pothier: French lawyer
- 1728Thomas Warton: Poet laureate of England (Pleasures of Melancholy)
- 1748Stefan Paluselli: Composer
- 1803Christopher Gustavus Memminger: Secy Treas (Confederacy) died in 1888
- 1816John Palmer Usher: Secy Int (Union) died in 1889
- 1820Pavel Krizkovsky: Composer
- 1822John Porter Hatch: Volunteers Bvt Major General (Union), died in 1901
- 1829Adolf von Schlagintweit: German explorer (Tarimbekken)
- 1829Thomas William Robertson: England, United Kingdom -- Playwright (Caste)
- 1832Esquire Maurits A de Savornin Lohman: Dutch Governor of Suriname
- 1839John Knowles Paine: Portland, Maine -- Composer
- 1843Christiaan A Ulder: Composer (waltzes / tumbas)
- 1851Giuseppi Gallignani: Composer
- 1856Anton Askerc: Slavic priest / poet (Primoz Trubar)
- 1856Lizette Woodworth Reese: US poet (Branch of May, Tears)
- 1856Stevan Mokranjac: Composer
- 1857Henry B Fuller: American writer (Under the Skylights)
- 1859Frederik Pijper: Dutch vicar / church historian (The Monasteries)
- 1866Albert Baertsoen: Flemish painter / etcher
- 1867Jacques Urlus: Dutch tenor (Opera of Leipzig, Song of the Earth)
- 1870Joseph B Strauss: Civil Engineer / builder (Golden Gate Bridge)
- 1876Hans Bethge: Writer
- 1879John Broadus Watson: Behaviorist psychologist
- 1881Giovanni Papini: Italy -- Writer (Il Diavolo)
- 1881Lascelles Abercrombie: English poet / critic (Revaluations)
- 1890Karel Capek: Czechoslovakia -- Writer (R U R); coined the word "robot"
Died on Jan 9
- 1499Johan Cicero: Elector of (Brandenburg, 1486-99), dies at 43
- 1514Anna de Bretagne: Wife of Maximilian, dies at 36
- 1677Aernout "Aert" van der Neer: Cartoonist / landscape painter, dies at 73
- 1679Werner Fabricius: Composer, dies at 45
- 1798Pedro Pablo Abarca d Bolea: Earl of Aranda, Spanish officer, dies at 79
- 1843Caroline Herschel: "1st lady of astronomy", dies at 98 in Germany
- 1849Jan Kops: Dutch agriculturist / vicar, dies at 83
- 1853Juan N Gallego: Spanish Poet / interpreter (El dos de Mayo), dies at 75
- 1854Filippo Traetta [Philip Trajetta]: Ital composer, dies at 77
- 1863Ferdinand Huber: Composer, dies at 71
- 1878Victor Emmanuel II: King of Sard (1849-61) / Italy (1861-78), dies at 57
- 1879Don Joaquin BF Espartero: Field Marshal / Viceroy of Navarra, dies at 86
- 1886Jakob Eduard Schmolzer: Composer, dies at 73
- 1893Mohara: Arab ivory / slave trader, dies in battle and is eaten
- 1902Gustaaf Rolin-Jaequemyns: Belgian lawyer / Interior minister, dies at 66
- 1908Abraham Goldfaden: US Yiddish stage performer (Shulamis), dies at 67
- 1908Wilhelm Busch: Writer
- 1911Edwin Arthur Jones: Composer, dies at 57
- 1927Houston S Chamberlain: British / German race theorist, dies at 71
- 1930Edward W Buck: Dutch / US editor (Ladies Home Journal), dies at 66
- 1931Claude Anet [Jean Schopfer]: French writer (La fille perdue)
- 1936John Gilbert: Actor (Love, Downstairs), dies at 40
- 1939Johann Strauss: Austrian conductor / Royal ball director, dies at 72
- 1941Ko Boezeman: Dutch resistance fighter
- 1943Robin G Collingwood: English philosopher (Roman Britain), dies at 53
- 1946Countee Cullen: US Poet (Black Christ, One Way to Heaven), dies at 42
- 1947Karl Mannheim: Sociologist (Diagnosis of Our Time), dies at 53
- 1947Lambertus Zijl: Sculptor (Merchant Exchange-Amsterdam), dies at 80
- 1949Amilcare Zanella: Composer, dies at 75
- 1953Hans Aanrud: Norwegian Author (Storken), dies at 89
Historical events on January 10
- 0236St. Fabian begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1072Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo
- 1356German Emperor Charles I delegates Golden Degree
- 1429Order of Golden Fleece established in Austria-Hungary and Spain
- 1430Duke Philip the Good marries Isabella of Portugal
- 1430Order of the Guilder forms
- 1514Complutensian New Testament in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin finished
- 15501st sitting of "Vurige Chamber" in Paris
- 1642King Charles I and family flee London for Oxford
- 1663King Charles II affirms charter of Royal African Company
- 1731Charles Farnese becomes Duke of Parma / Piacenza
- 1776"Common Sense" by Thomas Paine, published
- 1806Dutch in Cape Town surrender to British
- 1808Herman Daendels succeeds A Wiese as Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies
- 1811Louisiana slaves rebell in 2 parishes
- 1839Tea from India 1st arrives in the UK
- 1840Penny Post mail system is starts
- 1845Poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning begin corresponding
- 1861Florida becomes 3rd state to secede from US
- 1861Ft Jackson and Ft Philip are taken over by LA state troops
- 1861US forts and property seized by Mississippi
- 1862Battle of Big Sandy River, KY (Middle Creek)
- 1862Battle of Romney, West Virginia
- 18631st underground railway opens in London
- 1863January-uprising begins in Poland
- 1870Georgia legislature reconvenes
- 1870John D Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil
- 1878US Senate proposes female suffrage
- 1883Fire at uninsured Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin kills 71. General Tom Thumb of P T Barnum fame, escapes unhurt
- 1889Ivory Coast declared a protectorate of France
Born on January 10
- 1502Hendrik Niclaes: German / Dutch Merchant / cult leader (Children of God)
- 1628Jan Theunisz Blanckerhoff [Jan Maet]: Seascape painter
- 1638Niels Stensen: Danish astronomer
- 1644Louis Boufflers: Marshall of France
- 1683Gasparo Visconti: Composer
- 1701Johann Caspar Simon: Composer
- 1747Abraham L Breguet: French clock maker
- 1760Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg: Composer
- 1766Louis Massonneau: Composer
- 1768James Varicick: 1st AME Zion Bishop
- 1769Michel Ney: French marshal (Waterloo)
- 1778Carolus Linnaeus: Swedish Botanist (naming plants and animals)
- 1780M Heinrich C Lichtenstein: German zoologist
- 1814Aubrey de Vere: Irish writer (Victorian Observer)
- 1815Alexander Brydie Dyer: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1874
- 1815Thomas Williams: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1862
- 1825Alexander Travis Hawthorn: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899
- 1834John Acton: English historian / MP
- 1854Peter Gast: Composer
- 1855Peter J Blok: Dutch historian (History of the Dutch People)
- 1871Enrica Freiin von Handel-Manzetti: Austrian author (Jesse & Maria)
- 1876Johannes W "Jan" Eisenloeffel: Dutch goldsmith
- 1877Frederick Gardner Cottrell: Inventor (elecrostatic precipitator)
- 1880Eduard M Meijers: Dutch lawyer (Short Cause)
- 1880French van Cauwelaert: Flemish Minister / Mayor of Antwerp
- 1880Grock [Adrien Wettach]: Switzerland -- Clown / circus director
- 1882Charles Trowbridge: Vera Cruz, Mexico -- Actor (Fatal Hour)
- 1883Florence Reed: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -- Silent film actress (Dancing Girl)
- 1883Francis X Bushman: Norfolk, Virginia -- Silent film actor (Ben Hur)
- 1884James Philip Dunn: Composer
Died on January 10
- 0681Agatho: Sicilian Pope (678-81)
- 0866Lin-chi I-hsuan [J Rinzai Gigen]: Zen teacher
- 0976John I Tzimisces: Co-Emperor of Byzantium (969-76), dies at 51
- 1271Otto II [the Lame]: Earl of Gelre
- 1276Gregorius X [Tedaldo Visconti]: Pope
- 1542Gerardus Noviomagus [Gerrit Geldenhauer]: Dutch theologist, die at 59
- 1645William Laud: Archbishop of Canterbury, beheaded for treason at 71
- 1674Jacob de Witt: Dutch mayor (Dordrecht) / MP, dies at 84
- 1754Daniel Raap: Dutch porcelain salesman / politician, dies at about 51
- 1768Charles Cressent: French court furniture maker, dies at 82
- 1775Jemeljan Pugatshov: Russian kosak leader / "Czar Peter III"
- 1780Francesco Antonio Vallotti: Italian Organist / composer, dies at 82
- 1789Pierre Lyonet: Dutch zoologist / cryptologist, dies at 82
- 1792Jean-Louis Laruette: Composer, dies at 60
- 1800Johan Wikmanson: Composer, dies at 46
- 1824Victor Emanuel I: King of Sardinia (1802-21), dies at 64
- 1833Adrien Marie Legendre
- 1833Antoinio da Silva Leite: Composer, dies at 73
- 1855Mary Russell Mitford: Engl playwright / Poet (Julian), dies at 67
- 1862Samuel Colt: Inventor (6 shot revolver), dies at 47
- 1871Pierre A du Terrail: French writer, dies at 41
- 1876Charles EH de Coussemaker: Belgian musicologist / historian, dies at 70
- 1889Martin Andreas Udbye: Composer, dies at 68
- 1892Heinrich Ludwig Egmont Dorn: Composer, dies at 91
- 1895Benjamin Louis Paul Godard: Composer, dies at 45
- 1899Gerard Keller: Dutch writer (Vlugmaren), dies at 69
- 1908Anna S Barbiers: Dutch actress (Klaasje Zevenster), dies at 65
- 1917Buffalo Bill Cody: Army scout and Indian fighter
- 1934Marinus van der Lubbe: Dutch communist, beheaded in Berlin at 24
- 1935Edwin H Flack: English 800 / 1500m runner (1896 Olympics - Gold Medalist), dies at 60
Events on Jan 11
- 0314St. Militiades ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0532Nika-revolt against Justianus and Theodora in Hippodrome Constantinople
- 1158Vladislav II of Bohemia becomes King
- 1558Westmunster Church in Middelburg destroyed by heavy storm
- 1571Emperor Maximilian II grants Austrian adel freedom of religion
- 1599Jacob van Necks fleet leaves Bantam Java with pepper, clove and muskaat
- 1642Isaac Newton is elected a member of Royal Society
- 1693Mt Etna erupts, Sicily
- 1753Ferdinand VI of Spain and Pope Benedictus XIV sign concord
- 17591st American life insurance company incorporated, Philadelphia
- 1774Messier adds M51 (spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici) to his catalog
- 1775Francis Salvador becomes 1st Jew elected to office in America (SC)
- 1785Continental Congress convenes in New York City
- 1787Titania and Oberon, moons of Uranus, discovered by William Herschel
- 1790Statisten and Vonckisten unite as Belgium
- 1803Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to buy New Orleans; they buy Louisiana
- 1805Michigan Territory organizes
- 18131st pineapples planted in Hawaii (or 1 / 21)
- 1839Earthquake at Martinique destroys half of Port Royal-700 die
- 1861Alabama becomes 4th state to secede
- 1863Naval engagement near Galveston between CSS Alabama and USS Hatteras
- 1863Union forces capture Arkansas Post or Ft Hindman, Arkansas
- 1864Charing Cross Station opens in London
- 1865Battle of Beverly, West Virginia
- 1879Zulu war against British colonial rule in South Africa begins
- 1892Hawaiian Historical Society founded
- 1892Paul Gauguin marries a 13-year-old Tahitian girl
- 1892William D McCoy of Indiana appointed US Minister to Liberia
- 1893Jaap Eden skates world record 1500m (2:35)
- 1897M H Cannon becomes 1st woman state senator in US (Utah)
Born on Jan 11
- 1403Jan IV: Duke of Brabant / Limburg
- 1449Domenico Ghirlandajo: Italy -- Renaissance painter
- 1503Francesco Parmigianino: Italian artist (Madonna with the Long Neck)
- 1703Columban Praelisauer: Composer
- 1720Gijsbert John van Hardenbroeck: Utrechts regent
- 1727Franz Sebastian Haindl: Composer
- 1746Frantisek Adam Mica: Composer
- 1746William Curtis: English Botanist / publisher (Botanical Magazine)
- 1750Johann Jakob Walder: Composer
- 1801John Lodge Ellerton: Composer
- 1807Alfred Eugene "Mudwall" Jackson: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- 1807Ezra Cornell: Founder (Western Union Telegraph, Cornell University)
- 1808Antoine GB Schayes: Belgian historian / archaeologist
- 1814James Paget: English surgeon (disease of Paget)
- 1814Richard Griffith: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862
- 1816Fitz-Henry Warren: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1878
- 1818John Reese Kenly: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1891
- 1831James Ronald Chalmers: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1898
- 1839Eugenio Maria de Hostos: Puerto Rico -- Patriot / Scholar
- 1842William James: United States -- Psychologist / philosopher
- 1849Oskar Lassar: German dermatologist (bath house)
- 1850J C Arthur: Lowville, New York -- Botanist (studied rusts)
- 1850Philipp la Renotiere von Ferrary: Famous philatelist
- 1852Konstantin Fehrenbach: German chancellor (1920-21)
- 1853Gustav Falke: German author / poet (Der Mann im Nebel)
- 1856Christian August Sinding: Kongsberg, Norway -- Composer
- 1857Fred[erick J] Archer: English jockey (won 5 Derbys)
- 1859[Gerard] Jan Ligthart: Dutch educator (Nog bij mother, Ot & Sien)
- 1860Marie Bashkirtseff: Russian / French painter / author (Journal)
- 1864Thomas Dixon: US attorney / playwright (Flaming Sword)
Died on Jan 11
- 0705John VI: Catholic Pope (701-05)
- 1055Constantine IX Monomachos: Emperor of Byzantium
- 1552Johannes Cochlaeus [Dobeneck]: German humanist / theologist
- 1641Franciscus Gomarus [Francois Gomaer]: French theologist
- 1650Paul Hallman: Composer, dies at 49
- 1674Jan Zoet: Actor / playwright / Poet (Brutal-Roffel), dies at 58
- 1753Hans Sloane: English Physician (British Museum), dies at 92
- 1775Yemelyan Pugachov: Don Cossack rebel, executed by tsarist Russia
- 1784Ferdinand Philipp Joseph Lobkowitz: Composer, dies at 59
- 1797Francis Lightfoot Lee: US farmer (singer Declaration of Independence), dies at 62
- 1801Domenico Cimarosa: Italian Composer (Matrimonio segreto), dies at 51
- 1843Francis Scott Key: Composer (Star Spangled Banner), dies at 63
- 1847Caroline von Wolzogen [von Lengefeld]: German author, dies at 83
- 1870Adolf Ganz: Composer, dies at 73
- 1877Pietro Romani: Composer, dies at 85
- 1893Benjamin F Butler: US General / Presidential Candidate (anti-monopoly), dies at 74
- 1898Gaetano Capocci: Composer, dies at 86
- 1901Vasily Sergeyevich Kalinnikov: Composer, dies at 34
- 1914Ambrose Bierce: Writer, dies at 71
- 1923Constantine I: King of Greece (1913-17, 20-22), dies at 54
- 1928Thomas Hardy: Novelist (Maddening Crowd), dies near Dorchester at 87
- 1929Julio Antonio Mella: Cuban revolutionary, murdered at about 28
- 1931Oscar Fetras: Composer, dies at 76
- 1944Galeazzo Count of Cortellazzo Ciano: Italian politician
- 1950Karin Michaelis: Writer, dies at 77
- 1952Jean JM de Lattre de Tassigny: General (N-Africa / Indo-China), dies at 61
- 1953Ernst H Ridder Rappard: Dutch Nazi founder (NSNAP), dies at 53
- 1953Marcel Canneel: Flemish painter, dies at 58
- 1953Noach Zjordanija: Georgian Premier (1918-21), dies at 84
- 1954Edgar Tytgat: Flemish Painter / etcher / drawer, dies at 77