Events on Jan 12

• 1493Last day for all Jews to leave Sicily
• 1552Dutch west coast hit by heavy storm, 100s killed
• 1583Holland begins use of Gregorian calendar (yesterday was 1 / 1 / 1583)
• 1598Pope Clement VIII seizes duchy of Ferrara on death of Alfonso
• 1684French King Louis XIV marries Madame Maintenon
• 1701Frisia and Groningen begin use of Gregorian calendar
• 1701Parts of the Netherlands adopt Gregorian calendar
• 1755Tsarina Elisabeth establishes 1st Russian University
• 17731st US public museum established (Charlestown SC)
• 1777Mission Santa Clara de Asis founded in California
• 1806French evacuate Vienna
• 1807Gunpowder-ship explodes in Leiden Neth, 150 die
• 1809British take Cayenne (French Guiana) from French (until 1814)
• 18121st cargo arrives in New Orleans by steam, from Natchez
• 1816France decrees Bonaparte family excluded from the country forever
• 1820Royal Astronomical Society founded in England
• 1836Battle of Wetumka, Florida
• 1836HMS Beagle / Charles Darwin reach Sydney Australia
• 1839Anthracite coal 1st used to smelt iron, Mauch Chunk, Penn
• 1842Franciscan nuns begin Missionary work on Netherlands Antilles
• 1861FL state troops demand surrender of Ft Pickens
• 1863President Davis delivers his "State of Confederacy" address
• 1879British Zulu War begins: Lieutenant General Chelmsford invades Zululand
• 18961st X-ray photo in US (Dr Henry Smith, Davidson NC)
• 1900Freeland Colony founded in US
• 1903Harry Houdini performs at Rembrandt theater, Amsterdam
• 1903Rhodes Opera House burns in Boyertown Pa, killing 170
• 1904Southwest-Africa uprising under Samuel Maherero against German garison
• 19061st time Dow Jones closes above 100 (100.26)
• 1906Football rules committee legalizes forward pass

Born on Jan 12

• 1483Hendrik van Nassau-Dillenburg en Dietz: Gov / Viceroy of Holland
• 1492Andreas Alicatus: Italian author
• 1562Charles Emanuel I [the great]: Duke of Savoy
• 1576Peter Scriverius: Dutch lawyer / historian
• 1580Jean Baptiste van Helmont: Belgian chemist (found boiling pt temp)
• 1588Jose Ribera [Lo Spagnoletto]: Spanish painter
• 1599Adrian van Utrecht: Flemish painter
• 1638Ernst R Tarhemberg: Austrian Field Marshal (Turkish Wars)
• 1665Pierre de Fermat: French lawyer / mathematician
• 1674Reinhard Keiser: Composer
• 1711Gaetano Latilla: Composer
• 1715Jacques Duphly: Composer
• 1729Lazzaro Spallanzani: Modena, Italy -- Physiologist
• 1730Johann Joachim Christoph Bode: Composer
• 1737Brizio Petrucci: Composer
• 1749Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff: Austrian Earl / Prince / diplomat
• 1751Ferdinand I: King of Sicily and Naples
• 1751Jacob M R Lenz: Writer (Das Leidende Weib)
• 1780Wilhelm M L de Wette: German exegetist / theologist
• 1783Erik Gustaf Geijer: Swedish historian / poet (Natthimmelen)
• 1792Robert Patterson: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1881
• 1804Hippolyte Monpou: Composer
• 1807Jan T Beelen: Dutch / Belgian bible expert
• 1808Paul "the Great" Taglioni: Vienna, Austria -- Ballet choreographer
• 1810Ferdinand II: King of Sicily
• 1814Jones Mitchell Withers: Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1890
• 1819Zealous Bates Tower: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1900
• 1821Nikolai Afanisev: Composer
• 1825Joseph Robert Davis: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1896
• 1826Charles Cruft: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1883

Died on Jan 12

• 0689Benedict Biscop: English saint
• 1167Aelred of Hexham / Rievaulx: English abbot / saint, dies at about 56
• 1390Peter van Herenthals: Dutch Theologist / church historian, dies at 67
• 1519Maximilian I of Hapsburg: German kaiser
• 1537Lorenzo di Credi: Italian painter
• 1674Giacomo Carissimi: Italian bandmaster / Composer (Jephta), dies at 68
• 1759Anne of Hannover: English princess, dies at 49
• 1765Johann Melchior Molter: Composer, dies at 68
• 1807Adriaan Kluit: Dutch historian, dies at 71
• 1807Joan Lucaz: Dutch Scholar / journalist / patriot, dies at 60
• 1829Friedrich von Schlegel: German cultural philosopher / poet, dies at 56
• 1829Michael Gottard Fischer: Composer, dies at 55
• 1839Joseph A Koch: Aust Painter / cartoonist / etcher / illustrator, dies at 70
• 1851Johan Herman Koekkoek: Painter, dies at 72
• 1860Martinus J Niewindt: Bishop on Curacao (christened slaves), dies at 63
• 1867Victor Cousin: French philosopher / Minister of Education, dies at 74
• 1925Oskar Brefeld: German botanist, dies at 85
• 1928Ruth Snyder: 1st woman to die in electric chair
• 1933Vaclav Suk: Composer, dies at 71
• 1940Erich R Jaensch: German psychologist (eidetiek), dies at 56
• 1943Jan R T Campert: Dutch resistance fighter / Poet (18 Dead), dies at 40
• 1947Jonas Cohn: German / English philosopher (Wertwissenschaft), dies at 77
• 1950Koos van de Griend: Composer, dies at 44
• 1953Simeon Roncal: Composer, dies at 82
• 1956John Raedecker: Dutch Sculptor (WWII Monument Amsterdam), dies at 70
• 1956Norman Kerry: Actor (Air Eagles, Phantom of Opera), dies at 61
• 1958Arthur Shepherd: Composer, dies at 77
• 1960Nevil Shute [Norway]: Eng / Aust Author (Town like Alice), dies at 60
• 1962Richard de Guide: Composer, dies at 52
• 1965Lorraine Hansberry: US playwright, dies in NYC, dies at 34

Historical events on January 13

• 0888Duke Odo becomes King of West-France
• 1099Crusaders set fire to Mara Syria
• 1547Earl Henry Howard of Surrey sentenced to death
• 1559Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey
• 1610Galileo Galilei discovers Callisto, 4th satellite of Jupiter
• 1630Patent to Plymouth Colony issued
• 1695Jonathan Swift ordained an Anglican priest in Ireland
• 1733James Oglethorpe and 130 English colonists arrive at Charleston, South Carolina
• 1785John Walter publishes 1st issue of London Times
• 1794Congress changes US flag to 15 stars and 15 stripes
• 1830Great fire in New Orleans thought to be set by rebel slaves
• 1854Anthony Foss patents accordion
• 1863Chenille manufacturing machine patented by William Canter, New York City
• 1863Thomas Crapper pioneers one-piece pedestal flushing toilet
• 1869Colored National Labor Union, 1st Black labor convention
• 1869National convention of black leaders meets in Washington DC
• 1873P B S Pinchback relinquishes office at Louisiana Governor
• 1874Battle between jobless and police in NYC, 100s injuried
• 1874US troops land in Honolulu to protect the King
• 1882Richard Wagner completes his opera "Parsifal"
• 1883Fire in circus Ferroni in Berditschoft Poland kills 430
• 1888National Geographic Society founded (Washington, DC)
• 1893British Independent Labor Party forms (Keir Hardie as its leader)
• 1894Revolution in Sicily crushed by government troops
• 1902Textile workers strike in Enschede Netherlands till June 1
• 19061st radio set advertised (Telimco for $7.50 in Scientific American) claimed to receive signals up to one mile
• 1908French pilot Henry Farman is 1st European to fly roundtrip
• 1908Stanley Cup: Montreal Wanderers sweep Ottawa Victorias in 2 games
• 1911Roald Amundsens anchors at Walvis Bay
• 1914IWW-leader / songwriter Joe Hill arrested "Girl from Utah" East-Prussia

Born on January 13

• 1381St Colette: Abbess / Reformer (Poor Clares)
• 1406Matteo Palmieri: Italian writer (Della vita civile)
• 1505Joachim II Hector: Ruler (Brandenburg)
• 1596Jan J Goyen: Dutch landscape painter
• 1616Antoinette Bourignon: Flemish mystic / French religious fanatic
• 1628Charles Perrault: France -- Lawyer / writer (Mother Goose)
• 1683Johann Christoph Graupner: German composer
• 1690Gottfried Heinrich Stolzel: Composer
• 1727Johann Christoph Schmugel: Composer
• 1734Luca Sorkocevic: Composer
• 1778Anton Fischer: Composer
• 1788Carl Ludwig Cornelius Westenholz: Composer
• 1802Eduard von Bauernfeld: Vienna, Austria -- Comedic playwright
• 1807Napoleon Bonaparte Buford: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1883
• 1808Salmon P Chase: (Sen-R) cabinet member, 6th chief justice (1864-73)
• 1812Humphrey Marshall: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1872
• 1815William Henry French: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1881
• 1824Ignacy Marceli Komorowski: Composer
• 1835Gustaaf Rolin-Jaequemyns: Belgian jurist / Minister of the Interior
• 1850Leon Francis Victor Caron: Composer
• 1859Karl Bleibtreu: German author (Revolution of Literature)
• 1864Wilhelm K W Wien: German phyicist (Nobel 1911)
• 1866Vasily Sergeyevich Kalinnikov: Composer
• 1869Emanuele F: Duke of Aosta, Italian General (WWI) / fascist
• 1870Henryk Opienski: Polish composer / conductor (St Moniuszko)
• 1874Jozef E van Roey: Flemish Cardinal / Archbishop of Mechlin
• 1884Johannes Elsensohn: Dutch actor / writer (Arie, novel from the Jordan)
• 1884Sophie Tucker [Kalish]: Russia -- Singer / last of red hot mammas
• 1892Paul Smart: United States -- Yachtsman (1948 Olympics - Gold Medalist)
• 1893Clarke Ashton Smith: United States -- Sci-fi author (Lost Worlds, Genius Loci)

Died on January 13

• 0533Remigius van Reims: 1st Bishop of Reims (459-533) / saint, dies about 96
• 0858Aethelwolf: King of Wessex (Battle at Aclea)
• 0888Charles III [the Fat One]: King of Franconia / Roman Emperor
• 1049Derrick IV: Count of Holland (1039-49), dies in battle
• 1177Hendrik Jasomirgott Babenberg: Duke of Austria
• 1307Arnoud van Foreest: Dom deacon of Utrecht
• 1330Frederick III [the Handsome]: Duke of Austrian / German anti-king
• 1599Edmund Spenser: Poet (Faerie Queene), dies at about 46
• 1625Pieter Bruegel "the Older": (Bloemenbruegel), Flemish painter
• 1651Abraham C Bloemaert: Painter / cartoonist / engraver, dies at 86
• 1682Simon van Leeuwen: Dutch lawyer / historian, dies at 55
• 1691George Fox: Founder of Quakers, dies at 66
• 1702Peter Rabus: Dutch Poet / translator (Great Name Book), dies at 41
• 1762Leonhard Trautsch: Composer, dies at 68
• 1795Francois-Joseph Krafft: Composer, dies at 73
• 1797Elisabeth C von Brunswick-Bevern: Wife of Frederick II, dies at 81
• 1828Alexandre-Auguste Robineau: Composer, dies at 80
• 1838Ferdinand Reis: Composer, dies at 53
• 1864Stephen Foster: Composer (My Old Kentucky Home), dies at 37 in New York
• 1879WF Hendrik the Navigator: Prince of the Netherlands / Viceroy of Lux, dies at 58
• 1892Charles Albert White: Composer, dies at 62
• 1901Carlo Angeloni: Composer, dies at 66
• 1913Thomas P Krag: Norw Author / Novelist (Jon Graeff, Ulf Ran), dies at 44
• 1914Bernardus H Heldt: Dutch MP, dies at 72
• 1914Valentin de Zubiaurre y Unionbarrenechea: Composer, dies at 76
• 1924Georg H Quincke: German physicist (Test of Quincke), dies at 89
• 1928Johan Peter Koch: Danish officer / explorer, dies at 57
• 1929Wyatt Earp: US marshall (OK Corral), dies at 80
• 1930C-E Auguste Rateau: French inventor (R-steam turbine), dies at 66
• 1934Jean-Baptiste Marchand: Soldier / explorer (Sudan), dies at 70

Events on Jan 14

• 1236English King Henry III marries Eleonora of Provence
• 1526Charles V and Francis I sign Treaty of Madrid
• 1526Francis I forced to give up claims in Burgundy, Italy and Flanders
• 1601Church authorities burn hebrew books in Rome
• 16391st Connecticut constitution (Fundamental Orders) adopted in Hartford
• 1639Rodger Ludlow publishes"Fundamental Orders of Connecticut"
• 1641United East Indian Company conquerors city of Malakka, 7,000 killed
• 1659Battle at Elvas: Portuguese beat Spanish
• 1699Massachusetts holds day of fasting for wrongly persecuting "witches"
• 1717German mob leader "Sjako" sentenced to death in Amsterdam
• 1724Spanish King Philip V abdicates throne
• 1739England and Spain signs 2nd Convention of Pardo
• 1783Congress ratifies peace treaty between US and England
• 1784Revolutionary War ends; Congress ratifies Treaty of Paris
• 1785Mozart completes "Dissonantenkwartet" (opus 10)
• 1794Dr Jessee Bennet of Edom Va, performs 1st successful Cesarean section operation on his wife
• 1799Eli Whitney receives government contract for 10,000 muskets
• 1799King of Naples flees before advancing French armies
• 1813Gideon Hawley becomes 1st state school superintendent in US (NY)
• 1814King of Denmark cedes Norway to King of Sweden by treaty of Kiel
• 1847Conspiracy in New Mexico against US
• 1858French Emperor Napoleon III escapes attempt on his life by Felice Orsini, an Italian patriot who was later executed
• 1861Ft Pikens, Florida falls into state hands
• 1863Battle between gunboats at Bayou Teche, Louisiana
• 1864Battle of Cosby Creek, Tennessee
• 1864General Sherman begins his march to the South
• 1868NC constitutional convention meets in Raleigh
• 1868SC constitutional convention, meets with a black majority
• 1873"Celluloid" registered as a trademark
• 1873P B S Pinchback elected to Senate

Born on Jan 14

• 1451Franchinus Gaffurius: Composer
• 1566Angelo Notari: Composer
• 1592Sjihab al-Din Sultan Choerram Sjah Djahan: Leader of India
• 1615John Biddle: English Minister (Unitarian)
• 1618Jan Six: Dutch Mayor of Amsterdam
• 1655Angelo Predieri: Composer
• 1664Simon van Slingelandt: Dutch grand pensionary (1727-36)
• 1684Jean-Baptiste Vanloo: French painter
• 1705Jean-Baptiste C Bouvet de Lozier / Lozier-Bouvet: Governor (Reunion Is)
• 1722Friedrich Gottlob Fleischer: Composer
• 1751Corona Elizabeth Wilhelmine Schroter: Composer
• 1780Francois-Joseph Dizi: Composer
• 1798Isaac da Costa: Dutch writer / lawyer
• 1798Johan R Thorbecke: Premier of the Netherlands (Lib-1849..72)
• 1804John Park: Composer
• 1806Matthew Fontaine Maury: Naval Commander (Confederacy)
• 1812Carl Gradener: Composer
• 1814Johannes Josephus Viotta: Composer
• 1817Harmen S Sytstra: Dutch poet / editor (Iduna)
• 1819Fabio Campana: Composer
• 1819Frederick Steele: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1868
• 1822Nicholas Mori: Composer
• 1831John Bullock Clark, Jr.: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1903
• 1834William Cleaver Francis Robinson: Composer
• 1836[Hugh] Judson Kilpatrick: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1881
• 1839Emil Bohn: Composer
• 1841Berthe M P Morisot: French painter / aquarellist
• 1844Clara Kathleen Rogers: Composer
• 1845Henry C K Petty-Fitzmaurice: 5th marquess of Landsdowne / Governor-General of Canada
• 1850Jean de Reszke [Jan Mieczyslaw]: Polish tenor

Died on Jan 14

• 0973Ekkehard I: Monk of St Gallen (Vita Waltharii manu fortis)
• 1163Ladislaus I Arpad: King of Hungary (1162-63)
• 1301Andreas III Arpad: King of Hungary (1290-1301), dies at 50
• 1595Ferdinand: Archduke of Austria / Mayor of Bohemenia
• 1623Paolo Sarpi: Italian church Historian / politician, dies at 70
• 1648Casparus Barleaus: Flemish Theologist / Poet (Muiderkring), dies at 63
• 1742Edmund Halley: Genius eclipsed by Newton, dies at 85
• 1766Frederik V: King of Denmark / Norway (1746-66), dies at 42
• 1802Marie Allard: French ballerina, dies at 59
• 1817Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny: Composer, dies at 87
• 1822Franz Innocenz Joseph Kobell: German landscape painter, dies at 72
• 1830Johann G Repsold: German instrument maker, dies at 59
• 1847Gov Bent: 5 others in US occupation, killed by revolt in New Mexico
• 1868Heinrich Schenker: Austrian musicologist (Ursatz), dies at 66
• 1887Friedrich von Amerling: Austrian painter, dies at 83
• 1887Peter "Peerke" Donders: Missionary (Father of Melaatsen), dies at 77
• 1888Stephen Heller: Composer, dies at 74
• 1898Lewis Carroll: Writer (Alice in Wonderland), dies at 65
• 1901Charles Hermite: French Mathematician (e is transcendent), dies at 78
• 1901Mandell Creighton: English Bishop / historian, dies at 57
• 1901Victor Balaguer: Catalaans Historian / politician / author, dies at 76
• 1902Cato M Guldberg: Norwegian mathematician, dies at 65
• 1905Ernst Abbe: German physicist (Carl Zeiss Optics Company), dies at 64
• 1907Karl von Perfall: Composer, dies at 82
• 1908Holger Drachmann: Writer
• 1909Sinovi P Rozhestvensky: Russian Admiral, dies at 60
• 1912Otto Liebmann: German philosopher (Kant & Epigones), dies at 71
• 1916Otto Ammon: German anthropologist / sociologist, dies at 73
• 1924Arne Garborg: Norwegian playwright (Mannfolk), dies at 72
• 1925Willem Devout: Self employed (V & Dreesmann)