Events on Jan 24

• 0772Stephen III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 0817St. Paschal I begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Stephen IV
• 1076Synod of Worms: German King Henry IV fires Pope Gregory VII
• 1118Giovanni Caetani elected Pope Gelasius II
• 1328King Edward III of England marries Philippa of Henegouwen
• 1458Matthias I Corvinus chosen King of Hungary
• 1534Francois I signs classified treaty with evangelical German monarchy
• 1556Heavy earthquake strikes Shaaxi China, kills 830,000
• 1568Abdij Church in Middelburg destroyed by fire
• 1568In Netherlands, Duke of Alva declares William of Orange an outlaw
• 1613Amsterdams Merchant Hans Bontemantel baptized
• 1616Jacques Le Maire discovers Street Lemaire / Cape Receiver
• 1634Emperor Ferdinand II declares Albrecht von Wallenstein a traitor
• 1639Connecticut colony organizes under Fundamental Orders
• 1644Battle at Nantwich Cheshire: Parliamentary armies win
• 16561st Jewish doctor in US, Jacob Lumbrozo, arrives in Maryland
• 1679King Charles II disbands English parliament
• 1722Czar Peter the Great begins civil system
• 1722Edward Wigglesworth appointed 1st US Divinity Professor (Harvard)
• 1742German leaders elect Charles VII Albert Emperor
• 1764Gov Winthrop Telescope, is destroyed in a Harvard fire
• 1839Charles Darwin elected member of Royal Society
• 18471,500 New Mexican Indians and Mexicans defeated by US Col Price
• 1861Arsenal at Augusta, Georgia seized by Confederacy
• 1861Federal troops from Ft Monroe are sent to Ft Pikens
• 1862Romania principality arises under King Alexander Cuza
• 1892Battle at Mengo, Uganda: French missionaries attack British missionaries
• 1899Belgium government of Vandenpeereboom forms
• 1900Battle at Tugela-Spionkop, South Africa (Boers vs. British army)
• 1901Emily Hobhouse view lord Kitcheners concentration camp at Bloemfontein

Born on Jan 24

• 0076Publius A Hadrianus: 14th Roman Emperor (117-138)
• 1664John Vanbrugh: London, England -- Dramatist / architect
• 1679Christian von Wolff: German philosopher
• 1705Farinelli [Carlo Broschi]: Andria, Italy -- Castrato
• 1712Frederick II [the Great]: King of Prussia (1740-86)
• 1712Georg F Schmidt: German engraver / etcher
• 1732Pierre de Baumarchais: France -- Playwright (Barber of Seville)
• 1746Gustav III: King during Swedish Enlightenment (1771-92)
• 1750Wybo Fijnje: Dutch politician / patriot / journalist
• 1758Johann Chrysostomus Drexel: Composer
• 1767Antony CW Staring: Dutch lawyer / poet (Jaromir)
• 1774Karl Moser: Composer
• 1776Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann: German writer / judge / composer (Undine)
• 1778Charles F: Duke of Berry / Son of French King Charles X
• 1798Karl von Holtei: Silezian actor / playwright (Die Vagabunden)
• 1798Karl von Staudt: German Math Professor (projective geometrician)
• 1800Edwin Chadwick: British social Reformer
• 1820John Milton Thayer: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1906
• 1828Adam Jacoby Slemmer: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1868
• 1828Ferdinand J Cohn: German Botanist / publicist
• 1828Karol Studzinski: Composer
• 1829William Mason: Composer
• 1832John Pegram: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1865
• 1862Edith Wharton[-Jones]: United States -- Novelist (Ethan Frome, House of Mirth)
• 1874Arthur Shomburg: Famous African
• 1880Elisabeth Achelis: Creator (World Calendar)
• 1883Estelle Winwood [Goodwin]: England, United Kingdom -- Actress (Miracle on 34th Street)
• 1888Ernst Heinrich Heinkel: German inventor (1st rocket-powered aircraft)
• 1888Hedwig "Vicki" Baum: Austrian / US author (Men Never Know)
• 1891Walter Model: German Field Marshal

Died on Jan 24

• 0041Caligula [G C Germanicus]: Roman Emperor (37-41), assassinated at 28
• 0661Ali ibn Abu Talib: Kalief of Islam (656-61), murdered
• 0772Stefanus III / IV: Pope (768-72)
• 1336Alfonso IV [the Benignant]: King of Aragon (1327-36), dies at 36
• 1473Conrad Paumann: German blind Organist / composer
• 1639George Jenatsch: Grisons leader, assassinated
• 1666Johann Andreas Herbst: Composer, dies at 77
• 1678Joan Maetsuyker: Governor-General of the Netherlands East-Indies, dies at 72
• 1805Giacomo Conti: Composer, dies at 50
• 1812Eligio Celestino: Composer, dies at 72
• 1851Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini: Italian composer, dies at 76
• 1862James McIntosh: US confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at about 33
• 1864Otto Jonas Lindblad: Composer, dies at 54
• 1864Stephen Gardner Champlin: Brigadier General (Union), dies at about 36
• 1883Friedrich von Flotow: German Baron / composer, dies at 70
• 1884Johann Christian Gebauer: Composer, dies at 75
• 1885Martin R Delany: Politician and black nationalist, dies at 72
• 1901Simon Hassler: Composer, dies at 68
• 1904Franz Coenen: Composer, dies at 77
• 1911Carl Eilhardt: Composer, dies at 67
• 1913Gustav Luders: Composer, dies at 47
• 1924Thephilo Braga: Portuguese Poet / politician, dies at 80
• 1929Willem Royaards: Theater directeor (Adam in Ballingschap)
• 1940Emile van Bosch: Revue / operetta-artist, dies at 52
• 1943John Burns: English Minister of Local Government (1905-14)
• 1947Felix Timmermans: Writer / Painter (Gift from St Nicholas), dies at 60
• 1950Bull Montana: Actor (Son of Sheik), dies at 62
• 1953[Karl R] Gerd von Rundstedt: Gen-field marshal (Normandy), dies at 77
• 1960John Miljan: Actor (Charlie Chan in Paris, Yankee Clipper), dies at 66
• 1961Willem J M van Eysinga: People rights scholar, dies at 82

Historical events on January 25

• 0844Gregory IV begins and ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1139Godfried II the Young becomes Duke of Brabant
• 1327King Edward III accedes to British throne
• 1348Earthquake destroys Villach, killing 5,000
• 1494Alfonso II replaces his father as King of Naples
• 1554Sir Thomas Wyatt gathers an army in Kent, rebels against Queen Mary
• 1579Treaty of Utrecht signed, marks beginning of Dutch Republic
• 1721Czar Peter the Great ends Russian-orthodox patriarchy
• 1775Americans drag cannon up hill to fight British (Gun Hill Road, Bronx)
• 17991st US patent for a seeding machine, Eliakim Spooner, Vermont
• 1802Napoleon elected President of Italian (Cisalpine) Republic
• 18251st US engineering college opens, Rensselaer Polytechnic, Troy, New York
• 1835Opera "I Puritani, " premieres in Paris
• 1844Recontre between Reps Weller and Shriver, US House of Representative
• 1856Battle of Seattle; skirmish between settlers and Indians
• 1863Battle of Kinston, North Carolina
• 1863General Joseph Hooker replaces Burnside as head of Army of Potomac
• 1865CSS Shenandoah arrives in Melbourne, Australia
• 1870Soda fountain patented by Gustavus Dows
• 1875Anti-slavery society forms (NY)
• 1877Congress determines presidential election between Hayes-Tilden
• 1882Bilu, a Russian Zionist organization, forms
• 1890National Afro-American League forms in Chicago
• 1890United Mine Workers of America forms
• 1894James J Corbett KOs Charley Mitchell in 3 for heavyweight boxing title
• 1904179 die in coal mine explosion at Cheswick, Pennsylvania
• 1905Largest diamond, Cullinan (3106 carets), found in South Africa
• 1907Julia Ward Howe is 1st woman elected to National Institute of Arts & Letters
• 19101st stumping by a 12th man in Tests (N C Tufnell, South Africa vs. England)
• 1910Children initiate idea of planting trees in Jerusalem

Born on January 25

• 0749Leo IV [the Khazar]: Byzantine Emperor (775-80)
• 1477Anna de Bretagne: Wife of Maximilian of Austria and Louis XII
• 1509Giovanni Morone: Italian theologist / diplomat / Cardinal / "heretic"
• 1540Edmund Campion: London, England -- Saint / Jesuit martyr (Decem Rationes)
• 1615Govert Flinck: Dutch painter (Isaac blesses Jacob)
• 1626John van de Cappelle: Amsterdam, Holland -- Landscape painter
• 1627Robert Boyle: Ireland -- Physicist / chemist / author (experiments with color)
• 1634Gaspar Fagel: Lawyer / pension advisor of Holland (1672-88)
• 1693Anna Ivanova Romanova: Daughter of Ivan V / empress of Russia (1730-40)
• 1708Pompeo Girolamo Batoni: Italian painter
• 1736Joseph-Louis comte de Lagrange: Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia -- French mathematician
• 1750Johann Gottfried Vierling: Composer
• 1759Robert Burns: Alloway, Scotland -- Poet (Auld Lang Syne)
• 1770Francis Burdett: British politician
• 1777Elias Canneman: Dutch liberal Minister of Finance (1813-14)
• 1796William McGillivray: Old Aberdeen, United Kingdom -- Naturalist
• 1806Daniel Maclise: Irish painter
• 1814Francis Harrison Pierpont: Governor (Union), died in 1899
• 1826Rembt T H P L A van Boneval Faure: Dutch MP
• 1834Pablo Hernandez Salces: Composer
• 1839Seldon Connor: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1917
• 1841John Arbuthnot Fisher: Ceylon -- 1st Baron Fisher / Admiral of the Fleet
• 1844Frederick E Kitziger: Composer
• 1851Arne Garborg: Norwegian playwright (Bondestudentar)
• 1851Jan Blockx: Belgium -- Opera composer (Sea Bride Princess of Herberg)
• 1858Giuseppi Radiciotti: Composer
• 1860Charles Curtis: (R) 31st US VP (1929-33)
• 1866Emile Vandervelde: Leader of Belgian BWP party
• 1874[William] Somerset Maugham: Paris, France -- Novelist / poet (Of Human Bondage)
• 1874Hewlett Johnson [Red Dean of Canterbury]: English Bishop

Died on January 25

• 1138Anacletus II [Pietro Pierleone]: Jewish anti-pope (1130-38)
• 1139Godfried I: With the Beard, Duke of Brabant / Earl of Leuven
• 1494Ferdinand I: Cruel King of Naples
• 1547Lieven Algoet: Flemish humanist
• 1586Lucas Cranach "the Young": German painter, dies at 70
• 1640Robert Burton: Author (Anatomy of Melancholy)
• 1733Reinier V van Hompech: Dutch General Major cavalry
• 1744Domenico Natale Sarro: Italian opera composer, dies at 64
• 1820Joseph F Weigl: German / Austria violin cellist, dies at 79
• 1821Johan Valckenier: Dutch politician / patriot, dies at 62
• 1829William Shield: Composer, dies at 80
• 1855Dorothy Wordsworth: Writer, dies at 83
• 1875Leopold Jansa: Composer, dies at 79
• 1882Peter Singer: Composer, dies at 71
• 1896Frans C Baeckelmans: Flemish Architect (Court of Justice), dies at 68
• 1896Frederic Leighton: President of the Royal Academy (1878-96)
• 1906Joseph Wheeler II: Confederate General, dies at 70
• 1906Pierre L Goossens: Belgian Archbishop of Malines / Cardinal, dies at 78
• 1920Amadeo Modigliani: Italian Sculptor / painter, dies at 35
• 1921Mykola Dmytrovich Leontovych: Composer, dies at 43
• 1942Eugene Samuel-Holeman: Composer, dies at 78
• 1947Al Capone: Chicago gangster, dies of syphilis at 48
• 1949Emil Axman: Composer, dies at 61
• 1960Diana Barrymore: Actress (Ladies Courageous), dies at 38
• 1963Wilson Kettle: Nfld, dies at 102, leaving 582 living descendents
• 1965Staff Nees: Flemish Composer (Maria-oratorio), dies at 63
• 1968Virginia Maskell: Actress (Only Two Can Play), dies at 31
• 1970Eunice Hunton Carter: 1st black female DA in NY, dies at 70
• 1970Marie Benavente: Actress (Paradise), dies at 84
• 1975Vivien Kellems: TV hostess (The Power of Women), dies at 78

Events on Jan 26

• 1340English King Edward III proclaimed King of France
• 1531Lisbon hit by Earthquake; about 30,000 die
• 1654Portuguese troops conquer last Dutch base on Recife
• 1699Venice, Poland and Austria sign peace treaty with Turkey
• 1736Stanislaw Lesczynski flees Polish throne
• 1748England, Netherlands, Austria and Sardinia sign anti-French treaty
• 1788Captain Arthur Phillip hoists English flag on Botany Bay, New South Wales
• 1797Russia, Prussia and Austria sign treaty
• 1802Congress passes an act calling for a US Capitol library
• 1837Michigan admitted as 26th US state
• 1838Tennessee becomes 1st state to prohibit alcohol
• 1841Hong Kong proclaimed a sovereign territory of Britain
• 18501st German-language daily newspaper in US published, New York City
• 1861Louisiana becomes 6th state to secede
• 1862Lincoln issues General War Order #1, calling for a Union offensive McClellan ignores order
• 186354th Regiment (Black) infantry forms
• 1863War Department authorizes Mass Governor to recruit black troops
• 1870Virginia rejoins US
• 1871British Rugby Union forms
• 1871US income tax repealed
• 1875Electric dental drill is patented by George F Green
• 1881Union of Baptists Communities forms in Foxholl
• 1882France government of Gambetta falls
• 18841st Dutch Wagner version of Elizabeth aria
• 1885Muhammad Ahmed ("Mahdi") rebels conquer Khartoum
• 1886Karl Benz patents 1st auto with burning motor
• 1887Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian Emperor John IV defeats Italians
• 1905Han Yong-woon [Bongwan, Manhae] (1879-1944) ordained a Monk in Korea
• 19071st federal corrupt election practices law passed
• 1910Heavy rains cause floods in Paris

Born on Jan 26

• 1613Johann Jakob Wolleb: Composer
• 1667Henricus Zwaardecroon: Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies
• 1708William Hayes: Composer
• 1714Jean B Pigalle: French sculptor (Child with Bird Cage)
• 1715Claude Helvetius: Paris, France -- Philosopher
• 1716George Sackville Germain: 1st Viscount Sackville
• 1722Prestonpans
• 1742Johann Friedrich Ludwig Sievers: Composer
• 1748Emmanuel Aloys Forster: Composer
• 1763Charles XIV: French marshall, King of Sweden and Norway (1818-44)
• 1770Alexander Carlyle: Moderator of General Assembly
• 1771Jacob Andries van Braam: Colonial director (Suriname)
• 1781Achim v Arnim: Writer
• 1781Ludwig Joachim "Achim" von Arnim: German poet (Des Knaben Wunderhorn)
• 1786Benjamin Robert Haydon: Plymouth -- Painter (Waiting for The Times)
• 1814Rufus King: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1876
• 1816Lloyd Tilghman: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1863
• 1826Julia Dent Grant: 1st lady (1862-76)
• 1828Johan T Buys: Dutch lawyer
• 1831Mary Mapes Dodge: NYC, New York -- Writer (Hans Brinker & the Silver Skates)
• 1852Frederick Corder: Composer
• 1852Pierre Brazza: Explorer / colonial administrator (French Africa)
• 1855Arthur Hervey: Composer
• 1871Warner Fabian [Samuel H Adams]: US journalist / writer (Average Jones)
• 1877Kees van Dongen: Netherlands -- French painter
• 1879Ludovicus H [Lode] Baekelmans: Flemish (stage)author (Tille)
• 1884Edward Sapir: Germany -- Linguist / antropologist (indians)
• 1884Roy Chapman Andrews: United States -- Scientist / explorer
• 1886Joannes A Veraart: Dutch economist / MP (Jews of the Netherlands)
• 1887Enrique E Ecker: Bacteriologist

Died on Jan 26

• 1706Guillaume Poitevin: Composer, dies at 59
• 1795Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach: Composer, dies at 62
• 1798Christian Gottlob Neefe: German Organist / composer, dies at 49
• 1803Georg von Pasterwiz: Composer, dies at 72
• 1824Edward Jenner: Discoverer (vaccination)
• 1850Francis Jeffrey: Baron Jeffrey, judge / literary critic
• 1870Cesare Pugni: Composer, dies at 67
• 1885Charles George Gordon: British Governor-General (Sudan), executed at 51
• 1891Nicholaus Otto: Auto pioneer (internal combustion engine)
• 1893Abner Doubleday: Credit with inventing baseball, dies on 74th birthday
• 1895Arthur Cayley: Mathematician
• 1904John P R Tak: Dutch liberal politician, dies at 64
• 1911Charles Wentworth Dilke: English Undersecretary of State, dies at 67
• 1920Matthias Enzberger: German Minister of finance, murdered
• 1922Luigi Denza: Composer, dies at 75
• 1932William K Wrigley: Owner (Wrigley Gum, Chicago Cubs)
• 1942Gerard L F Philips: Dutch manufacturer (Philips), dies at 83
• 1943Nikolai Vavilov: Geneticist, Saratovv labour camp
• 1947Grace Moore: US soprano / actress (1 Night of Life), dies at 45
• 1947Gustav Adolf: Crown Prince of Sweden, dies in air crash
• 1948Ignaz Friedman: Composer, dies at 65
• 1949Victor Fleming: Director (Wizard of Oz, Gone With Wind), dies at 65
• 1950Betsy van den Arend: Dutch [Betje], actress (Miss Hobbs), dies at 78
• 1952Louis van Deyssel: Dutch writer (Diary of Franc Rozelaar), dies at 87
• 1954Carl J Eldh: Swedish sculptor, dies at 80
• 1962Charles "Lucky" Luciano: NYC Mafia gangster, dies at 65
• 1962Fran Lhotka: Composer, dies at 78
• 1963John Sigvard Olsen: Comedian (Olsen & Johnson), dies at 70
• 1965Ali Mansoer: Premier of Persia, murdered
• 1967Albert Remy: Actor (Blows), dies at 55