Events on Feb 11

• 0385Oldest Pope elected; Siricius-bishop of Tarragona
• 0824St. Paschal I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1531Henry VIII recognized as supreme head of Church in England
• 1543Battle at Wayna Daga: Ethiopian / Portugese troops beat Moslem army
• 1543Karel / Henry VIII sign anti-French covenant
• 15731st European, Francis Drake sees the Pacific (from Panama)
• 1575King Frederick of Denmark offers island of Hveen to Tycho Brahe
• 1638Dutch countess Louise of Solms marries Earl John of Brederode
• 1720Sweden and Prussia sign peace (2nd Treaty of Stockholm)
• 1752Pennsylvania Hospital, the 1st hospital in the US, opened
• 1766Stamp Act declared unconstitutional in Virginia
• 1768Samuel Adams letter, circulates around American colonies, opposing Townshend Act taxes
• 1790Society of Friends petitions Congress for abolition of slavery
• 1793Prussian troops occupy Venlo Neth
• 17941st session of US Senate open to the public
• 1808Anthracite coal 1st burned as fuel, experimentally - Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
• 1809Robert Fulton patents steamboat
• 1810Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria
• 1811President Madison prohibits trade with Britain for 3rd time in 4 years
• 1812Mass Gov Gerry signs a redistricting bill-1st "gerrymander"
• 1826London University founded
• 1837American Physiological Society organizes in Boston
• 1843Opera "I Lombardi, " premieres in Milan
• 18521st British public female toilet opens (Bedford Street London)
• 1854Major streets lit by coal gas for 1st time
• 18581st apparition of Mary to 14-year-old Bernadette of Lourdes France
• 1861President-elect Lincoln takes train from Spingfield IL to Washington DC
• 1861US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state
• 1873Spanish Cortes fires King Amadeus I
• 18781st US bicycle club, Boston Bicycle Club, forms

Born on Feb 11

• 1380Gianfrancesco Poggio Bracciolini: Italy -- Humanist
• 1465Elizabeth of York: London, England -- Consort of King Henry VII
• 1506Juliana van Stolberg: Engraver of Nassau
• 1557John Wtenbogaert: Remonstrants theologist
• 1657Bernard Fontenelle: France -- Scientist / writer (Plurality of Worlds)
• 1755Albert Christoph Dies: Composer
• 1776Joannis Capodistrias: Greek Governor of Troezen (1827-31)
• 1783Jarena Lee: Famous African
• 1790Ignaz Assmayer: Composer
• 1800William Henry Fox Talbot: Wiltshire, England -- Photographic pioneer
• 1802Lydia Maria Child: United States -- Author / abolitionist (Juvenile Miscellany)
• 1810Loisa Puget: Composer
• 1812Alexander Hamilton Stephens: Vice President (Confederacy), died in 1883
• 1812Benjamin Franklin Sands: Commander (Union Navy), died in 1883
• 1819Samuel Parkman Tuckerman: Composer
• 1821Hermann Allmers: Writer
• 1829William Anderson Pile: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1889
• 1830Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf: Composer
• 1830Peter Arnold Heise: Composer
• 1833Melville Weston Fuller: 8th chief justice
• 1839Josiah Willard Gibbs: Theoretical physicist / chemist
• 1840Sanuel Dana Greene: Lieutenant Commander (Union Navy), died in 1884
• 1846William Fox Talbot: Pioneer photographer / inventor
• 1860Rachilde [Marguerite Vallette-Eymery]: French author (Monsieur Venus)
• 1867August W Messer: German philosopher / educator / psychologist
• 1873Feodor Chaliapine: Russian author / Novelist (Pages from My Life)
• 1874Fritz Bennicke Hart: Composer
• 1875Sara Wennerberg-Reuter: Composer
• 1879Jean Gilbert: Composer
• 1882Gheorghe Cucu: Composer

Died on Feb 11

• 0641Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium (610-641), dies at about 65
• 0731Gregory II: Greek-Syrian Pope
• 0821Benedict of Aniane: Saint
• 0824Paschal I: Italian Pope (817-24)
• 1141Hugo of St-Victor: Philosopher / Theologist / mystic
• 1503Elizabeth of York: Consort of King Henry VII, dies on 38th birthday
• 1543Ahmed Gran: Sultan of Adal, dies in battle
• 1554Lady Jane Grey: Deposed Queen of England, beheaded after 9 day rule
• 1622Alfonso Fontanelli: Composer, dies at 64
• 1685David Teniers III: Flemish painter, dies at 46
• 1762Johann Tobias Krebs: Composer, dies at 71
• 1797Antoine Dauvergne: Composer, dies at 83
• 1806Vicente Martin y Soler: Composer, dies at 51
• 1841J H Ferdinand Olivier: German painter, dies at 55
• 1870Jacob M de Kempenaer: Dutch Minister of Internal Aff (1848-49), dies at 76
• 1870Leopold Eugen Mechura: Composer, dies at 66
• 1879Honore Daumier: Caricaturist / painter
• 1879Willem J van Zeggelen: Dutch Author / Novelist / writer, dies at 67
• 1892Erik Anthon Valdemar Siboni: Composer, dies at 63
• 1894Pasqual Juan Emilio Arrieta y Corera: Composer, dies at 70
• 1899George Morgan: 1st English motorist to die in an motor accident
• 1901Milan I: King of Serbia, dies at 56
• 1903Henryk Szulc: Composer, dies at 67
• 1907Peter J Savelberg: Dutch Limbourg monastery founder, dies at 80
• 1911Albert von Rothschild: Baron / Austrian banker, dies at 66
• 1922Gerardus J P Bolland: Dutch philosopher (Bolland Society), dies at 67
• 1931Charles Algernon Parsons: British inventor (steam turbine), dies at 76
• 1931Charles Parsons: Inventor of the steam turbine
• 1939Franz Schmidt: Austrian composer, dies at 64
• 1940John Buchan: 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, Governor-General of Canada (1935-40)

Historical events on February 12

• 1049Bruno Count of Egesheim and Dagsburg crowned Pope Leo IX
• 1111German King Hendry V arrives at St. Peter, Rome
• 1130Pope Innocent II elected
• 1502Granada: Moslems forced to convert to Catholicism
• 1528Treaty of Dordrecht between Emperor and ecclesiastical power
• 1577Spanish land guardian Don Juan of Habsburg signs "Eternal Edict"
• 1624English parliament comes together
• 1733Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe, at site of Savannah
• 1736Maria Theresa Habsburg marries French Stefanus (Emperor Francois I)
• 1762English fleet occupies Martinique
• 1763John Casteret appointed British Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1772Yves de Kerguelen of France discovers Kerguelen Archipelago, India
• 17931st US fugitive slave law passed; requires return of escaped slaves
• 1818Chile gains independence from Spain
• 1821Mercantile Library of City of New York opens
• 1825Creek Indian treaty signed. Tribal chiefs agree to turn over all their land in Georgia to the government and migrate west by September 1, 1826
• 1832Ecuador annexes Gal pagos Islands
• 1839Aroostock War: Boundary dispute between Maine and New Brunswick
• 1840Housatonic Railroad opens
• 1848Ballet "Faust" premieres, Milan
• 1861State troops seize US munitions in Napoleon, Arkansas
• 1865Henry Highland Garnet, is 1st black to speak in US House of Reps
• 1870Official proclamation sets April 15 as last day of grace for US silver coins to circulate in Canada
• 1873Congress abolishes bimetallism and authorizes $1 and $3 gold coins
• 1874King David Kalakaua of Sandwich Is Hawaii, is 1st King to visit US
• 1876Al Spalding opens his sporting good shop
• 18771st news dispatch by telephone, between Boston and Salem, Massachusetts
• 1877US railroad builders strike against wage reduction
• 18791st artificial ice rink in North America (Madison Square Garden, NYC)
• 1879News about slaughtering of Isandlwana reaches London

Born on February 12

• 1211Henry VII: Roman Catholic German King (1220-35)
• 1438Adolf van Egmond: Duke of Gelre / Earl of Zutphen
• 1474Lorenzo Campeggio: Archbishop of Bologna / diplomat
• 1567Thomas Campion: England, United Kingdom -- Composer / poet / Physician
• 1584Casparus Barleaus: Flemish theologist / poet (Muiderkring)
• 1636Herman Witsius [Wits]: Dutch reformed theologist
• 1637John Swammerdam: Dutch anatomist / entomologist (Bible of Nature)
• 1663Cotton Mather: Witchcraft authority
• 1665Rudolph J Camerarius: German Botanist / Physician (sexuality plant)
• 1706Josef Christian: German sculptor
• 1740Matej Sojka: Composer
• 1751Joseph Waast Aubert Nonot: Composer
• 1753Lambert-Francois Godecharle: Composer
• 1758Christian Ignatius Latrobe: Composer
• 1760Jan Ladislav Dussek: Bohemia -- Pianist / composer
• 1768Francis II: Florence, Italy -- Last Holy Roman Emperor (1792-1806)
• 1775Louise Catherine Johnson Adams: 1st lady (1825-1829)
• 1778Franz Joseph Volkert: Composer
• 1791Jan D Zocher, Jr.: Dutch garden architect (Vondelpark, Amsterdam)
• 1791Peter Cooper: Industrialist / philanthropist (Cooper Union)
• 1792Ferdinand de Braekeleer: Belgian painter
• 1809Charles Darwin: England, United Kingdom -- Discovered evolution (Origin of species)
• 1818Otto Ludwig: German writer (Die Heiterethei)
• 1824Arya Samaj Maha Rishi Dayanand Sarsvati: Indian hindu leader
• 1828George Meredith: England, United Kingdom -- Poet / Novelist (Shaving of Shagpat)
• 1828Robert Ransom, Jr.: Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1892
• 1831John Morrissey: Boxer / developer of Saratoga Springs horse race track
• 1838Charles Carroll Walcott: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1898
• 1841Bert van Tienhoven: Mayor (Amsterdam) / Foreign Minister
• 1841Gijsbert van Tienhoven: Dutch Mayor (Amsterdam) / Foreign Minister

Died on February 12

• 1128Toghtekin: Slave / atabek of Damascus
• 1242Hendrik VII: Roman Catholics German King (1220-35), commits suicide
• 1538Albrecht Altdorfer: German painter, dies at about 57
• 1554Jane Grey: Queen of England for 13 days, beheaded at 17
• 1590Francois Hotman / Hotomanus: French lawyer / diplomat, dies at 65
• 1616John Drusius: Of Driesschen, Flemish Hebraist, dies at 65
• 1684Pietro Andrea Ziani: Composer, dies at 67
• 1728Agostino Steffani: Italian / German diplomat / composer, dies at 73
• 1738James Sherard: Composer, dies at 71
• 1762Laurent Belissen: Composer, dies at 68
• 1771Adolf Frederik: King of Sweden (1751-70), dies at 60
• 1787Ruggiero Boscovich: Ital physicist / astronomer / philosopher, dies at 75
• 1799Frantisek Xaver Dusek: Composer, dies at 67
• 1804Immanuel Kant: German philosopher (Zum ewigen Frieden), dies at 79
• 1820Guillaume Albert Teniers: Composer, dies at 71
• 1834Friedrich Schleiermacher: German Theologist / philosopher, dies at 65
• 1861Hippolyte-Andre-Baptiste Chelard: Composer, dies at 72
• 1896Charles Louis Ambrose Thomas: French Composer (Mignon), dies at 84
• 1896Isaac Murphy: Jockey, 628 wins on 1, 412 mounts (44.5%), dies at 35
• 1905Marcel Schwob: French writer / journalist (Coeur double)
• 1915Charles Emile Waldteufel: Composer, dies at 77
• 1916J W Richard Dedekind: German mathematician
• 1920Emile Sauret: Composer, dies at 67
• 1920Jean Allemane: French socialist / communard (allemanisten), dies at 77
• 1929Freiherr Albert von Schrenk-Notzing: German para-psychologist, dies at 66
• 1933Henri Duparc: French composer, dies at 85
• 1942Grant Wood: US Painter (American Gothic), dies at 49
• 1945de Jong: Dutch vicar / resistance fighter, executed
• 1945Henrietta Szold: Founder (Hadassah, Youth Aliyah)
• 1945Walraven [Wally] van Hall: Dutch banker / resisted Nazis, executed at 39

Events on Feb 13

• 1349Jews are expelled from Burgsordf Switzerland
• 1510Charles of Gelre conquerors Oldenzaal
• 1545Willem of Nassau becomes Prince of Orange
• 1566St. Augustine, Florida founded
• 1601John Lancaster leads 1st East India Company voyage from London
• 1633Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome for trial before Inquisition for professing belief that earth revolves around the Sun
• 1635Oldest US public institution, Boston Latin School founded
• 1651Flemish Missionary Joris van Geel departs to Congo
• 1668Treaty of Lisbon: Spain recognizes Portugal
• 1678Tycho Brahe 1st sketches "Tychonic system" of solar system
• 1689British Parliament adopts Bill of Rights
• 1692MacDonald clan murdered on orders of King William III
• 1693College of William and Mary opens
• 1706Battle at Fraustadt: Swedish army beats Russia / Saksen
• 1741Andrew Bedford publishes 1st American magazine (American Magazine)
• 1755Rebel leader Mangkubuni signs Treaty of Gianti Java
• 1777De Sade arrested without charge, imprisoned in Vincennes fortress
• 1782French fleet occupies St. Christopher
• 1786Abraham Baldwin selected President of University of Georgia
• 17951st state university in US opens, University of North Carolina
• 17991st US law regulating insurance passed, by Massachusetts
• 1809French take Saragossa, Spain after a long siege
• 1826American Temperance Society, forms in Boston
• 18321st appearance of cholera at London
• 1837Riot in New York over high price of flour
• 1858Sir Richard Burton and John Speake explore Lake Tanganyika, Africa
• 1860King Basse Kajuara departs Boni South-Celebes
• 18611st military action to result in Congressional Medal of Honor, Arizona
• 1861Abraham Lincoln declared President
• 1861Colonel Bernard Irwin attacks and defeats hostile Chiricahua Indians

Born on Feb 13

• 1440Hartmann Schedel: German Physician / humanist / historian
• 1599Alexander VII [Fabio Chigi]: Siena, Italy -- Pope (1655-67)
• 1610Jean de la Badie: French divine, founder of Lagardists
• 1622Adam Pijnacker: Landscape painter / etcher, baptized
• 1658Jan B Wellekens: Dutch poet / painter
• 1660Johann Sigismund Kusser: Composer
• 1682Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: Venice, Italy -- Painter (Fortune Teller)
• 1713Domingo Miguel Bernaube Terradellas: Composer
• 1721John Reid: Composer
• 1755Francois Alexander Sallantin: Composer
• 1756Joannes van der Linden: Lawyer / judge (Ware Pleiter)
• 1757John C Hespe: Dutch journalist / politician
• 1778Fernando Sor: Composer
• 1787James P Carrell: Composer
• 1805David Dudley Field: Lawyer / law codifier
• 1805Peter G L Dirichlet: Germany -- Number theorist / analysist
• 1807Bartolommea Capitanio: Italian monastery founder (Liefdezusters)
• 1813Charles Pierre Schimpf: Governor of Suriname (1855-59)
• 1820Bela Albrecht Pal Keler: Composer
• 1822Lev A Mej: Russian nobleman / poet
• 1829Gerard Keller: Writer (Netherlands Spectator)
• 1831John Aaron Rawlins: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1869
• 1833William Whedbee Kirkland: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1915
• 1837Valentin de Zubiaurre y Unionbarrenechea: Composer
• 1840Georg Jacobi: Composer
• 1852Johan L E Dreyer: Danish astronomer (New gen catalogue of nebulae)
• 1859Frank van de Goes: Dutch writer / marxist theorist
• 1859William Strang: Scottish painter / engraver
• 1861Uchimura Kanzo: Tokyo, Japan -- Religious writer (How I Became a Christian)
• 1862Karel Weis: Composer

Died on Feb 13

• 1130Honorius II [Lamberto]: Pope (1124-30)
• 1199Stefanus Nemanja (Symeon): Monk
• 1237Jordanus of Saxon: 2nd General of Dominicans, drowns
• 1332Andronicus II Paleologus: Byzantine Emperor (1282-1328) / monk
• 1542Catharine Howard: Queen of England / 5th Wife of Henry VIII, beheaded
• 1629Girolamo Giacobbi: Composer, dies at 61
• 1635Georg R Weckerlin: German poet, dies at 50
• 1662Elisabeth Stuart: English Daughter of James I, dies at 65
• 1693Johann Kaspar von Kerll: German composer, dies at 65
• 1724Francisco Jose Coutinho: Composer, dies at 43
• 1741Johann Joseph Fux: Austrian Composer / music theorist, dies at about 80
• 1784Charles Gravier: French Earl of Vergennes / Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1798Wilhelm H Wackenroder: German writer (Fantasies of Art), dies at 24
• 1814Augustin Holler: Composer, dies at 69
• 1841Thomas Ainsworth: English / Dutch industrialist, dies at 45
• 1849Christian Rummel: Composer, dies at 61
• 1873Petrus AS van Limburg Brouwer [Abraham van Luik]: Literary
• 1882Henry Highland Garnet: Diplomat, dies at 66 in Monrovia, Liberia
• 1883Wilhelm Richard Wagner: Composer, dies at 69
• 1891David Dixon Porter: US rear Admiral (Union), dies at 77
• 1893Ignacio M Altamirano: Mexican Author (El Zarco), dies at 58
• 1894Franjo Racki: Croatian Historian / politician, dies at 65
• 1896Karl Reinthaler: Composer, dies at 73
• 1907Marcel Bertrand: French mine engineer, dies at 59
• 1917Joel Angel: Russian musicologist / composer, dies at 48
• 1921Willem P C Knuttel: Dutch bibliography / librarian, dies at 67
• 1927Brooks Adams: US philosopher (New Empire), dies at 78
• 1935Violet Paget: British Author (Gospels of Anarchy), dies at 78
• 1937C A Bernoulli: Writer
• 1943William Walraven: Journalist / writer (Neglected Grouser), dies at 55