Events on Feb 22
- 0896Pope Formosa crowned King Arnulf of Karinthie / French Emperor
- 1071Battle of Cassel-Robert I the Frisian defeats Arnulf III / I
- 1281Simon de Brion elected Pope Martinus IV
- 1288Girolamo Masci elected Pope Nicolas IV
- 1300Pope Boniface VIII delegates degree
- 1349Jews are expelled from Zurich Switzerland
- 1495French King Charles VIII enters Naples to claim crown
- 1561William of Orange appointed Viceroy of Burgundy / Charolais
- 1630Indians introduce pilgrims to popcorn, at Thanksgiving
- 1656New Amsterdam granted a Jewish burial site
- 1744Battle at Toulon: English-French and Spanish fleet
- 1746French troops conquer Brussels
- 1746Jakobijnse troops vacate Aberdeen
- 1774English House of Lords rules authors do not have perpetual copyright
- 1775Jews expelled from outskirts of Warsaw Poland
- 17841st US ship to trade with China, "Empress of China, " sails from New York
- 1821Spain sells (east) Florida to United States for $5 million
- 1825Russia and Britain establish Alaska-Canada boundary
- 1828Russia and Persia sign Peace of Turkmantsjai
- 1835HMS Beagle / Charles Darwin leave Valdivia Chile
- 1836Dutch garrison evacuates fort Du Bus New Guinea
- 1847Battle of Buena Vista: US troops beat Mexican army
- 18541st meeting of the Republican Party (Michigan)
- 18561st national meeting of the Republican Party (Pittsburgh)
- 1860Organized baseball played in SF for 1st time
- 1860Shoe-making workers of Lynn Ms, strike successfully for higher wages
- 18642nd / last day of Battle of Okolona, Mississippi
- 1864Skirmish at Calfkiller Creek (Sparta) Tennessee
- 1865Battle of Wilmington, NC (Fort Anderson) occupied by Federals
- 1865Tennessee adopts a new constitution abolishing slavery
Born on Feb 22
- 1403Charles VII: King of France (1422-61) - drove out English
- 1440Ladislaus V Posthumus: King of Hungary / Bohemia
- 1514Tahmasp I: Shah of Persia (1524-76) / author (Tazkire-i Shah)
- 1542Santino Garsi: Composer
- 1573Gemignano Capilupi: Composer
- 1634Petrus "Pieter" van Schooten: Fortress architect
- 1684William Pulteney: London, England -- Statesman (Earl of Bath)
- 1705Peter Arctedius [Artedi]: Swedish biologist
- 1745Joao de Sousa Carvalho: Composer
- 1749Johann Nikolaus Forkel: Musicologist / 1st biographer of Bach
- 1761Erik Eriksson Tulindberg: Composer
- 1761Jacob Kimball: Composer
- 1764Alexander Campbell: Composer
- 1770Jan Matyas Nepomuk August Vitasek: Composer
- 1772Joseph Lipavsky: Composer
- 1772Karl Jacob Wagner: Composer
- 1773Matthijs I van Bree: Flemish (court)painter
- 1778Rembrandt Peale: Portrait / historical painter (Court of Death)
- 1779Joachim Nicolas Eggert: Composer
- 1788Arthur Schopenhauer: Germany -- Philosopher (Great Pessimist)
- 1796Adolphe Quetelet: Belgium -- Mathematician / astronomer / statistician
- 1797William I: Berlin, Germany -- King of Prussia (1861-88) / German Emperor (1871-88)
- 1798Charles Mynn Thruston: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1873
- 1810Holger Simon Paulli: Composer
- 1814Henryk Oskar Kolberg: Composer
- 1817Niels Wilhelm Gade: Danish violinist / composer / conductor
- 1819Bernardo Calvo Puig: Composer
- 1819James Russell Lowell: Poet / critic / diplomat / abolitionist
- 1822Adolf Kuszmaul: German Physician (stomach pump, Kuszmaul disease)
- 1827James Barnet Fry: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1894
Died on Feb 22
- 0606Sabinian: Italian Pope (604-06)
- 1071Arnulf III: Earl of Flanders / Hainault (Arnulf I), dies in battle
- 1213Wibert of Gembloers: Benediction / writer / abbot of Gembloers
- 1371David II Bruce: King of Scotland (1331..71), dies at 46
- 1478Hendrik Herp (Herpius / Harphius): Writer (Spieghel volcomenheit)
- 1512Amerigo Vespucci: Italian explorer (America), dies at 60
- 1674John Wilson: Composer, dies at 78
- 1690Charles Le Brun: Classical Painter (Academie de Peinture), dies at 70
- 1727Francesco Gasparini: Composer, dies at 58
- 1731Frederik Ruysch: Dutch anatomist, dies at 92
- 1750Pietro Filippo Scarlotti: Composer, dies at 71
- 1770Christopher Snider: 11, Boston, becomes 1st martyr of US Revolution
- 1788Franz Joseph Oehlschlagel: Composer, dies at 63
- 1816Adam Ferguson: Scottish sociologist / historian, dies at 92
- 1822Johann Ignaz Walter: Composer, dies at 66
- 1824John Davy: Composer, dies at 60
- 1829Adam A Earl von Neipperg: Austrian General, dies at 53
- 1832Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Poet, Weimar, Germany
- 1836John Clarke-Whitfeld: Composer, dies at 65
- 1838Friedrich Johann Eck: Composer, dies at 70
- 1846Carolus Antonius Fodor: Composer, dies at 77
- 1849Alexander Ernst Fesca: Composer, dies at 28
- 1875Charles Lyell: British geologist (Elements of Geology), dies at 77
- 1878Franz Hunten: Composer, dies at 84
- 1903Frederick William Farrar: Writer / dean (Canterbury 1895-1903)
- 1903Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf: Austrian Composer (Corregidor), dies at 42
- 1913Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure: Swiss linguist, dies at 55
- 1913Francisco Indalecio Madero: Mex pres, assassinated in military coup at 39
- 1913Suarez: Mexican vice pres, assassinated in a miltary coup
- 1925Georges / Joris Helleputte: Belgian Catholic minister, dies at 72
Historical events on February 23
- 0303Emperor Diocletian orders general persecution of Christians
- 1455Johannes Gutenberg prints 1st book, Bible (estimated date)
- 1574France begins 5th holy war against Huguenots
- 1660Charles XI becomes King of Sweden
- 1668Fire in Wiener Hofburg in Vienna, Emperor Leopold I rescued
- 1672Joan Blaeus publishers destroyed by fire in Amsterdam
- 1689Dutch Prince William III proclaimed King of England
- 1778Baron von Steuben joins Continental Army at Valley Forge
- 1792Humane Society of Massachusetts incorporated (erected life-saving stations for distressed mariners)
- 1804Conspirators against Napoleon, for restoration of Louis XVIII
- 18131st US raw cotton-to-cloth mill founded in Waltham, Massachusetts
- 1820Cato Street conspiracy uncovered
- 1821College of Apothecaries organized in Phil; 1st US pharmacy college
- 1822Boston is incorporated as a city
- 1836Alamo besieged by Santa Anna; entire garrison eventually killed
- 1846Polish revolutionaries march on Cracow, but are defeated
- 1854Great-Britain and Orange Free state sign Convention of Bloemfontein
- 1861By popular referendum, Texas becomes 7th state to secede from US
- 1861Dutch Premier Floris A van Hall resigns
- 1861Pres-elect Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington DC to take office
- 1869Louisiana Governor signs public accommodations law
- 1870Mississippi is readmitted to US
- 1874Major Walter Winfield patents game called "sphairistike" (lawn tennis)
- 1883Alabama becomes 1st US state to enact an antitrust law
- 1883American Anti-Vivisection Society organized (Philadelphia)
- 1886Aluminum manufacturing process developed
- 1887Congress grants Seal Rocks to San Francisco
- 1887French / Italian Riviera struck by Earthquake; 2,000 die
- 18921st college student government forms at Bryn Mawr Penn
- 1895Jaap Eden skates world record 10km (17:56)
Born on February 23
- 1417Paul II [Pietro Barbo]: Italy -- Pope (1464-71)
- 1614Jacob Colijns: Dutch coat of arms painter
- 1615Cornelis Galle II: Flemish engraver / illustrator, baptised
- 1633Samuel Pepys: London, England -- Navy expert / composer (Diary, Memoirs)
- 1649John Blow: Composer of 1st English opera (Venus & Adonis)
- 1700Wilhelmus Schortinghuis: Dutch theologist (Profound Christianity)
- 1730Christian Joseph Lidarti: Composer
- 1734Mayer Amschel Rothschild: Frankfurt, Germany -- Founder (House of Rothschild)
- 1776John Walter II: London, England -- Chief proprietor (The Times, 1812-47)
- 1787Emma Willard: United States -- Opens school for young ladies (Hall of Fame)
- 1792Istvan Ferenczi: Hungarian sculptor
- 1811George Washington Hewitt: Composer
- 1817George Watts: London, England -- Painter
- 1818Jeremy F Gilmer: Major General / Chief Engineer Confederate War Department
- 1824Lewis Cass Hunt: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1886
- 1831Hendrik W Mesdag: Dutch painter (Panorama Mesdag)
- 1834Gustav Hermann Nachtigal: German Physician / colonizer / consul in Tunis
- 1838Gilbert Moxley Sorrel: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
- 1840Carl Menger: Austrian economist
- 1848Thomas Paine Westendorf: Composer
- 1863Franz von Stuck: German painter (Der Krieg)
- 1865Barney Dreyfuss: Baseball owner (Pittsburgh Pirates)
- 1868William E B Du Bois: Massachusetts, United States -- Civil rights writer (Souls of Black Folk)
- 1869Nadezhda Konstantinova Krupskaya: Russian revolutionary (Soc-Dem)
- 1873Dmitri Arakishvili: Composer
- 1875Jozef E Stokvis: Journalist / Dutch MP (SDAP)
- 1876Agnes M Royden: Writer
- 1879Agnes Arber: English biologist / philosopher (Mind & the Eye)
- 1879Norman Lindsay: Creswick, Victoria -- Artist / Novelist
- 1880Edgar Istel: Composer
Died on February 23
- 0155Polycarp: Disciple of Apostle John, arrested and burned at stake
- 1447Eugene IV [Gabriele Condulmer]: Italian Pope (1431-47)
- 1468John Gutenberg: German inventor (boekdrukkunst)
- 1607Herman Herbertsz: Vicar, dies at about 60
- 1669Lieuwe van Aitzema: Frisian historian, dies at 68
- 1682Abraham de Wicquefort: Dutch diplomat / historian, dies at 75
- 1704Georg Muffat: French / German Organist / composer, dies at 50
- 1766Stanislaw Leszcynski: Duke of Lutherans / King of Poland
- 1792Joshua Reynolds: English portrait Painter (Simplicity), dies at 68
- 1806John Alcock: Composer, dies at 90
- 1807Francois Guichard: Composer, dies at 61
- 1821John Keats: Romantic poet, dies of tuberculosis at 25 in Rome
- 1821Marie-Anne Collot: French sculptor
- 1848John Quincy Adams: 6th US President (1825-1829), dies of a stroke at 80
- 1855Carl Friedrich Gauss: Mathematician
- 1867George Thomas Smart: Composer, dies at 90
- 1884Tambo Tambo: Australian aboriginal / US circus attaction, dies at 23
- 1897Woldemar Bargiel: Composer, dies at 68
- 1900William Butterfield: Architect of the Gothic revival
- 1902Samuel R Gardiner: British Historian (Oliver Cromwell), dies at 72
- 1903Albert Cahen: Composer, dies at 57
- 1903Friedrich Grutzmacher: Composer, dies at 70
- 1906Johann Hoch: US murderer, executed
- 1915Robert Smalls: Reconstruction congressman, dies at 75 in South Carolina
- 1916George Clement Martin: Composer, dies at 71
- 1924Thomas Woodrow Wilson: 28th US President (1913-21)
- 1927Sveinbjorn Sveinbjornsson: Composer, dies at 79
- 1930Horst Wessel: German Nazi lyricist (Fahne Hoch), dies at 22
- 1930Mabel Normand: Actress / director (Extra Girl), dies at 35
- 1931Nellie Melba [Helen Mitchell]: Australian soprano
Events on Feb 24
- 03031st official Roman edict for persecution of Christians issued
- 1208St. Francis of Assisi, 26, received his vocation in Portiuncula Italy
- 1296Pope Boniface VIII degree Clericis Iaicos
- 1510Pope Julius II excommunicates the Republic of Venice
- 1525Francois I caught taken / 8700 killed
- 1525Imperial forces defeat French in battle of Pavia
- 1527Ferdinand of Austria crowned as King of Bohemia
- 15301st imperial coronation by a Pope, Charles V crowned by Clement V
- 1552Privileges of Hanseatic League in England are abrogated
- 1582Pope Gregory XIII announces New Style (Gregorian) calendar
- 1597Flemish Painter Frederick of Valckenborch becomes porter of Frankfurt-on-Main
- 1613English Princess Elizabeth marries Earl Frederik of Palts
- 1708Prince Johan Willem Friso sworn in as Viceroy of Groningen
- 1779George Rogers Clark captures Vincennes (Ind) from British
- 1786Charles Cornwallis appointed Governor-General of India
- 1793French troops conquer Breda
- 1803Supreme Court 1st rules a law unconstitutional (Marbury vs. Madison)
- 180717 die and 15 wounded in a crush to witness execution of Holloway, Heggerty and Elizabeth Godfrey in England
- 1821Mexico gains independence from Spain
- 1835Siwinowe Kesibwi (Shawnee Sun) is 1st Indian language monthly magazine
- 18363,000 Mexicans attack 182 Texans at Alamo, lasts 13 days
- 1839Steam shovel patented by William Otis, Philadelphia
- 1848King Louis-Philippe abdicates, 2nd French Republic declared
- 1855US Court of Claims forms for cases against government
- 18571st perforated US postage stamps delivered to government
- 1857LA Vineyard Society organized
- 1863Arizona Territory created
- 18681st US parade with floats (Mardi Gras-Mobile Alabama)
- 1868House of Reps vote 126 to 47, to impeach President Andrew Johnson
- 1888Louisville, Ky becomes 1st government in US to adopt Australian ballot
Born on Feb 24
- 1304Muhammad ibn Battutah: Arab travel writer (Travels in Asia and Africa)
- 1463Giovanni Pico della Mirandola: Italy -- Scholar / platonist
- 1500Carlos V: King of Spain (1516-56) / Holy Roman Emperor
- 1501Sixtus Birck [Xystus Betulius]: German writer (Suzanna)
- 1536Clement VIII [Ippolito Aldofireini]: Fano, Italy -- Pope (1592-1605)
- 1547Jan of Austria: Spanish military man / land guardian of the Netherland
- 1557Matthias: Vienna, Austria -- Holy Roman Emperor (1612-19)
- 1595Matthias C Sarbiewski [Sarbievius]: Polish Jesuit / poet
- 1697Bernard S Albinus [Weiss]: German surgeon / anatomist
- 1704Hubert Renotte: Composer
- 1717Bernhard Hupfeld: Composer
- 1766Samuel Wesley: Bristol, England -- Composer / Organist (Exultate Deo)
- 1771Johann Baptist Cramer: German / British pianist / composer / publisher
- 1797Samuel Lover: Composer
- 1809Edwin H K Freiherr von Manteuffel: Governor / Viceroy (Elzas-Lutherian)
- 1811Daniel A Payne: Bishop / Reformer / educator of AME Church
- 1811Edward Dickinson Baker: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1861
- 1824John Crawford Vaughn: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1875
- 1827Charles Davis Jameson: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1862
- 1831Georg Leo Earl von Caprivi: German chancellor / Premier of Prussia
- 1833Eduard Earl von Taaffe: Austrian Premier (1868..93)
- 1836Winslow Homer: United States -- Painter (Gulfstream)
- 1838Thomas Benton Smith: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1923
- 1842Arrigio Enrico Boito: Composer
- 1846Luigi Denza: Composer
- 1848C Grant B Allen: Canadian writer (Woman Who Did)
- 1848Johanna C P Barbiers: Actress (Voddenraper of Paris)
- 1852George A Moore: Ireland -- Painter / Novelist (Esther Waters)
- 1854Franz Courtens: Flemish painter (Golden Rain)
- 1858Arnold Dolmetsch: Le Mans, France -- Musician
Died on Feb 24
- 1563Francois Guise: French General / duke, assassinated at 44
- 1666Nicholas Lanier: Composer, dies at 77
- 1686Ferdinando Tacca: Italian Painter / Son of Pietro Tacca, dies at 66
- 1692Antimo Liberati: Composer, dies at 74
- 1704Marc-Antoine Charpentier: French Composer (church music)
- 1735Georg Friedrich Kauffman: Composer, dies at 56
- 1784Anton Laube: Composer, dies at 65
- 1785Carlo Bonaparte: Corsican attorney, dies at 39
- 1799Broerius Brorius: Theologist (Pensive Christian), dies at about 41
- 1799Georg C Lichtenberg: German physicist / writer, dies at 56
- 1806John Nieuwenhuijzen: Theologist (Society for General Use), dies at 81
- 1810Henry Cavendish: Physicist / chemist
- 1812Hugo Kollataj: Polish teacher / minister, dies at 61
- 1815Robert Fulton: Steamboat pioneer
- 1825Thomas Bowdler: Self-appointed Shakespearean censor
- 1829Auguste Chouteau: St. Louis co-founder
- 1862Bernard S Ingemann: Danish Author (Holger Danske), dies at 72
- 1874Anselmo Clave: Composer, dies at 49
- 1876Jan Pieter Heije: Dutch Physician / writer / poet, dies at 67
- 1895Ignaz Lachner: Composer, dies at 87
- 1907Otto Goldschmidt: Composer, dies at 77
- 1919Josephine McGill: Composer, dies at 41
- 1922Dmitri B Shostakovitch: Father of Russian Composer Dmitri D S
- 1924Edmond Picard: French / Belg writer (Ambidextre journalist), dies at 87
- 1926Eddie Plank: Pitcher (won 327 games in 17 years), dies at 51
- 1929Andre-Charles-Prosper Messager: Composer, dies at 75
- 1930Jacobus van Looy: Dutch writer / Painter (Night Cactus), dies at 74
- 1933Spottiswoode Aitken: Actor (Eagle, Home Sweet Home), dies at 64
- 1941Oskar Loerke: German director (Longest Day-1926), dies at 56
- 1944Leo H A Baekeland: Belgian / US chemist (bakeliet), dies at 80