Events on Mar 3
- 0078Origin of Saka Era (India)
- 0468St. Simplicius elected to succeed Catholic Pope Hilarius
- 0493Ostrogoten King Theodorik the Great beats Odoaker
- 1409Austrian civil war ends
- 1431Bishop Gabriele Condulmer elected as Pope Eugene IV
- 1627Piet Heyn conquerors 22 ships in Bay of Salvador Brazil
- 16341st tavern in Boston opens (Samuel Cole)
- 1638Duke Bernard van Saksen-Weimar occupies Rheinfelden
- 1776US commodore Esek Hopkins occupies Nassau Bahamas
- 17911st internal revenue act (taxing distilled spirits & carriages)
- 1791Congress establishes US Mint
- 1794Richard Allen founded AME Church
- 18011st US Jewish governor, David Emanuel, takes office in Georgia
- 18031st impeachment trial of a federal judge, John Pickering, begins
- 1805Louisiana-Missouri Territory forms
- 1812US passes 1st foreign aid bill (aids Venezuela earthquake vicitims)
- 1813Office of Surgeon General of the US Army forms
- 1815US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners and demanding tribute
- 1817Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory and Mississippi
- 1820Missouri Compromise passes, allowing slavery in Missouri
- 1835Congress authorizes a US mint at New Orleans, Louisiana
- 1837Congress increases Supreme Court membership from 7 to 9
- 1837US President Andrew Jackson and Congress recognizes Republic of Texas
- 1838Rebellion at Pelee Island, Ontario Canada
- 18421st US child labor law regulating working hours passed (Mass)
- 1843Congress appropriates $30,000 "to test the practicability of establishing a system of electro-magnetic telegraphs" by the US
- 18451st time, US Senate overrides presidential (Tyler) veto
- 1845Congress authorizes ocean mail contracts for foreign mail delivery
- 1845Florida becomes 27th state
- 1847Post Office Department authorized to issue postage stamps
Born on Mar 3
- 1500Reginald Pole: English Cardinal / "heretic"
- 1583Edward Herbert of Cherbury: English military / philosopher
- 1589Gisbertus Voetius [Gijsbert Voet]: Dutch reformed theologist
- 1606Edmund Waller: England, United Kingdom -- Poet (Penshust)
- 1652Thomas Otway: England, United Kingdom -- Playwright / poet (Venice Preserved)
- 1705Michael Schevenstuhl: Composer
- 1747Kasamir Pulaski: US General (Revolutionary War)
- 1756William Godwin: Philosopher / political writer (Caleb Williams)
- 1793Ch Sealsfield: Writer
- 1809Sophia Hawthorne: Writer
- 1811Vissarion Belinsky: Sveaborg, Finland -- Russian author (Literary Review)
- 1814Charles Kensington Salaman: Composer
- 1820Eduard Douwes Dekker [Multatuli]: Dutch writer (Max Havelaar)
- 1828Karl Collan: Composer
- 1838George W Hill: US astronomer (Moon orbit)
- 1841John Murray: Canadian Oceanographer (Depths of the Ocean)
- 1845Georg Cantor: German mathematician (discover transfinite numbers)
- 1849Jacques Oppenheim: Dutch lawyer
- 1857Alfred Bruneau: Composer
- 1865Alexander Gustav Adolfovich Winkler: Composer
- 1867Gustav Strube: Composer
- 1868Alain [Emile-Auguste Chartier]: French philosopher / writer
- 1869Henry J Wood: English conductor (Gentle Art of Singing, Proms)
- 1872Wee Willie Keeler: Outfielder (Baltimore Orioles); hit .432 in 1897
- 1873William Green: President of American Federation of Labor (1924-52)
- 1877Garrett Morgan: African-American inventor
- 1880Anne C Veth: Dutch cartoonist / art critic
- 1882Floris H L Prims: Flemish priest / historian / archivist of Antwerp
- 1886James Friskin: Composer
- 1886Reginald Owen Morris: Composer
Died on Mar 3
- 0561Pelagius I: Italian Pope (547-51, 556-61)
- 1191Saladin [Salah ad-Din]) Yusuf: Sultan of Egypt / Syria, dies at 52
- 1459Ausias March: Catalan poet
- 1554Johan F de Greatmoedige: Ruler of Saxon
- 1554Johan Frederik [the Generous]: Elector of Saxon (1532-47), dies at 50
- 1580Jacob Hillebrand: Dutch Mayor of Groningen
- 1703Robert Hooke: Scientific genius, dies in London
- 1706Johann Pachelbel: Organist / Composer (Sterbens-Gedancken), dies at 52
- 1717Pierre Allix: French / British Theologist / vicar, dies at about 75
- 1766Gregor Joseph Werner: Composer, dies at 73
- 1768Nicola Antonio Porpora: Composer, dies at 81
- 1792Robert Adam: Scottish Architect (Syon House, Middlesex), dies at 63
- 1800Johann Baptist Christoph Toeschi: Composer, dies at 64
- 1822Franz Adam Veichtner: Composer, dies at 81
- 1824Giovanni Battista Viotti: Italian violist / composer, dies at 70
- 1848Heinrich Olivier: German painter
- 1864Ulric Dahlgren: Union Colonel, dies in battle at 21
- 1889Edward Sydney Smith: Composer, dies at 49
- 1902Isaac D France van de Putte: Dutch Premier (1866), dies at 79
- 1921Petrus Cuypers: Architect (Amsterdam museum), dies at 93
- 1926Cyril Metodej Hrazdira: Composer, dies at 58
- 1928Jan [Jean] T Toorop: Dutch graphic artist (3 Brides), dies at 69
- 1941Constant W L Scheurleer: Archaeologist / banker / art expert, dies at 59
- 1941Ernst Cahn: Owner of Amsterdam Koco ice cream parlor, executed
- 1942Amedeo: Duke of Aosta, Viceroy (Ethiopia), dies at 43
- 1945Arthur Vanderpoorten: Flemish Internal Minister (1940), dies at 61
- 1945Koos Speenhoff: Dutch singer, killed in bombing raid at 75
- 1956Willem H Keesom: Dutch physicist (Helium I / II), dies at 79
- 1959Lou Costello: Comedian (Abbott & Costello), dies at 52
- 1960Sammy White: Actor (711 Ocean Drive, Sound Off), dies at 65
Historical events on March 4
- 1152Frederik I Barbarossa elected Roman-German King
- 1461Battle at Towton: Duke Edward of York beats English Queen Margaretha Edward IV recognized as King of England
- 1540Protestant count Philip of Hessen marries 2nd wife
- 1570King Philip II bans foreign Dutch students
- 1611George Abbot appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1621Jacarta, Java renamed Batavia
- 1665English King Charles II declares war on Netherlands
- 1675John Flamsteed appointed 1st Astronomer Royal of England
- 1681King Charles II grants William Penn royal charter for Penn
- 1699Jews are expelled from Lubeck Germany
- 1741English fleet under Admiral Ogle reaches Cartagena
- 17741st sighting of Orion nebula (William Herschel)
- 17891st Congress declares constitution in effect (9 senators, 13 reps)
- 17911st Jewish member of US Congress, Israel Jacobs (PA), takes office
- 1791President Washington calls the US Senate into its 1st special session
- 1791Vermont admitted as 14th state (1st addition to the 13 colonies)
- 1792Oranges introduced to Hawaii
- 1793French troops conquer Geertruidenberg Neth
- 1797John Adams inaugurated as 2nd President of US
- 1798Catholic women force to do penance for kindling sabbath fire for Jews
- 18011st President inaugurated in Washington DC (Thomas Jefferson)
- 1809Madison becomes 1st President inaugurated in American-made clothes
- 1825John Quincy Adams inaugrated as 6th President
- 18261st US RR chartered, Granite Railway in Quincy, Massachusetts
- 1829Andrew Jackson inaugurated as 7th President
- 1829Unruly crowd mobs White House during President Jackson inaugural ball
- 1837City of Chicago incorporates
- 1837Martin Van Buren inaugrated as 8th President
- 1837Weekly Advocate changes its name to the Colored American
- 1841Longest inauguration speech (8,443 words), William Henry Harrison
Born on March 4
- 1394Henry the Navigator: Prince / sponsors Portuguese voyages of discovery
- 1492Francesco de Layolle: Composer
- 1678Antonio Vivaldi: Venice, Italy -- Baroque violin virtuoso / composer (4 Seasons)
- 1719Aert Schouman: Dutch bird / portrait painter
- 1742Johann Heinrich Egli: Composer
- 1747Casimir Pulaski: Count / American Revolutionary War General
- 1754Benjamin Waterhouse: Physician (smallpox vaccine pioneer)
- 1754Dieudonne-Pascal Pieltain: Composer
- 1757Ignaz Malzat: Composer
- 1765Charles Dibdin: England, United Kingdom -- Composer / author (Sea Songs) / actor
- 1766Emanuel ADMJ: French historian (Napoleon)
- 1773Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges: Composer
- 1782Johann Wyss: Switzerland -- Folklorist / writer (Swiss Family Robinson)
- 1789Pavel P Gagarin: Russ monarch
- 1798John Joseph Abercrombie: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1877
- 1813Wijnand J J Nuijen: Romantic / water colors painter (Wrecked)
- 1819Charles Oberthur: Composer
- 1826John Buford: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1828Elisha Franklin "Bull" Paxton: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- 1834Peter Nicolai von Wilm: Composer
- 1835Giovanni Schiaparelli: Italy -- Astronomer (discovered canals of Mars)
- 1838Paul Lacome: Composer
- 1841Kristian Mandrup Elster: Norwegian author (And fremmed Fugl)
- 1844Josip Jurcic: Slovenian writer (10th Brother)
- 1862Robert Emden: Switzerland -- Geo / astro physics (Emden-polytroop)
- 1875Alberto Vaccari: Italian Jesuit / Old Testament Scholar / interpreter
- 1875Enrique Larreta [E R Maza]: Argentine diplomat (Gloria de Don Ramiro)
- 1875Suze Groeneweg: 1st Dutch female parliament member (SDAP, 1918-37)
- 1877Alexander Fyodorovich Gedike: Composer
- 1879Bernhard Kellermann: Writer
Died on March 4
- 1172Stephan III: King of Hungary (1162-72)
- 1484Kazimierz [the Saint]: Polish ruler / saint, dies at 25
- 1615Hans von Aachen: German painter
- 1617Arcangelo Crivelli: Composer, dies at 70
- 1793Isaac Ouwater: Amsterdam Painter / cartoonist, dies at 44
- 1794Henri D count de Larochejacquelin: Fr Royalist Army leader, dies at 21
- 1804Karl Leopold Rollig: Composer
- 1805Jean-Baptiste Greuze: French painter, dies at 79
- 1831Georg Michael Telemann: Composer, dies at 82
- 1839Ignace Antoine Ladurner: Pianist / composer, dies at 72
- 1851Michael Henkel: Composer, dies at 70
- 1852Nikolai Gogol: Writer, dies at 43
- 1864Thomas Starr King: Unitarian clergyman (Christianity & Humanity)
- 1866Alexander Campbell: Irish / US founder Disciples of Christ, dies at 77
- 1876Alfred Holmes: Composer, dies at 38
- 1877Hendrik E van Rijgersma: Dutch Governor (St Maarten), dies at 42
- 1883Alexander H Stephens: VP Confederate States, dies at 71
- 1888Amos Bronson Alcott: US theory / Poet (Table Talk), dies at 88
- 1903Joseph H Shorthouse: English writer (John Inglesant), dies at 68
- 1916Franz Marc: German Painter / co-founder (Blaue Reiter), killed at 36
- 1922Bert Williams: Famous black, dies at 46 in New York City
- 1925Moritz Moszkowski: Polish / German composer, dies at 70
- 1933Willie Walker: US jazz singer / guitarist (Dupree Blues), dies at 36
- 1936Ruben Mattias Liljefors: Composer, dies at 64
- 1941Edoardo Mascheroni: Composer, dies at 81
- 1942Yuliya Lazarevna Veysberg: Composer, dies at 62
- 1943Nikolaos "Sokrates" Politis: Greek foreign minister, dies at 71
- 1943Pieter C Boutens: Dutch Poet (Beatrijs), dies at 73
- 1948Antonin Artaud: French Poet / actor (Napoleon), dies at 51
- 1953Sergei S Prokoviev: Russian Composer (Peter & the wolf), dies at 61
Events on Mar 5
- 11793rd Lateran Council (11th ecumenical council) opens in Rome
- 1461Henry VI was deposed by Duke of York during War of the Roses
- 1496English King Henry VII hires John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) to explore
- 1528Utrecht Governor Maarten van Rossum plunders The Hague
- 1558Smoking tobacco introduced in Europe by Francisco Fernandes
- 1579Betuwe joins Union of Utrecht
- 16231st American temperance law enacted, Virginia
- 1651South Sea dike in Amsterdam breaks after storm
- 1684Emperor Leopold I, Poland and Venice sign Heilig Covenant of Linz
- 17431st US religious journal, The Christian History, published, Boston
- 1746Jakobijnse troops leave Aberdeen
- 17501st American Shakespearean production-"altered" Richard III, New York City
- 1760Princess Carolina marries General Charles Christian van Nassau-Weilburg
- 1766Don Antonio de Ulloa takes possession of Louisiana Terr from French
- 1770Blanche Kelso Bruce sworn in as a US Senator (Mississippi)
- 1770Boston Massacre, British troops kill 5 in crowd. Crispus Attackus becomes 1st black to die for American freedom
- 1783King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski grants rights to Jews of Kovno
- 1795Amsterdam celebrates Revolution on the Dam; Square of Revolution
- 1795Treaty of Basel-Prussia ends war with France
- 1820Dutch city of Leeuwarden forbids Jews to go to synagogues on Sundays
- 1821Monroe is 1st President inaugurated on March 5th, because 4th was Sun
- 1836Mexico attacks Alamo
- 1836Samuel Colt manufactures 1st pistol, 34-caliber "Texas" model
- 1845Congress appropriates $30,000 to ship camels to western US
- 1849Zachary Taylor sworn in as 12th President
- 1856Covent Garden Opera House destroyed in a fire
- 1856Georgia becomes 1st state to regulate railroads
- 1862Union troops under Brigadier General Wright occupy Fernandina Florida
- 18641st track meet between Oxford and Cambridge
- 1868Stapler patented in England by C H Gould
Born on Mar 5
- 1324David II Bruce: King of Scotland (1331..71)
- 1326Louis I [the Great]: King of Hungary (1342-82), Poland (1370-82)
- 1512Gerardus Mercator: Rupelmonde (Belgium), geographer / mapmaker
- 1574William Oughtred: England, United Kingdom -- Mathematician / inventor (slide rule)
- 1585Johan Georg I: Elector of Saxon (1611-56) (Peace of Prague)
- 1637John van der Heyden: Dutch painter / inventor (fire extinguisher)
- 1658Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac: French colonial Governor of America
- 1668Francesco Gasparini: Composer
- 1733Vincenzo Galeotti [Tomazelli]: Italian dancer / choreographer
- 1746Jacob Wallenberg: Swedish writer / naval chaplain
- 1748William Shield: Composer
- 1751Jan Krtitel Kuchar: Composer
- 1774Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse: Composer
- 1794Jacques Babinet: French physicist / mathematician / astronomer
- 1805Theodore Labarre: Composer
- 1817Austen H Layard: British archaeologist / diplomat
- 1824Elisha Harris: United States -- Physician / founder of the American Public Health Association
- 1824James Merritt Ives: Lithographer (Currier & Ives)
- 1825John Dunovant: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864
- 1825Joseph Albert: German photographer (albertotype)
- 1828Johann Gungl: Composer
- 1840Constance Fenimore Woolson: New Hampshire, United States -- Writer (Jupiter Lights)
- 1843William F Sudds: Composer
- 1845Alfonse Hasselmans: Composer
- 1850Daniel Brink Towner: Composer
- 1852Isabella Gregory: Ireland -- Writer / playwright (Golden Apple)
- 1853Arthur W Foote: Salem, Massachusetts -- Organist / composer (Suite for Strings in E)
- 1853Howard Pyle: Illustrator / painter / author (King Stork)
- 1868Prosper Poullet: Belgian viscount / jurist / minister
- 1869Michael von Faulhaber: Cardinal / Archbishop of Munich
Died on Mar 5
- 0254Lucius I: Bishop of Rome (253-54)
- 0254St Lucius I: Pope (253-54)
- 1574Philip of Saint-Aldegonde: Flem Viceroy Holland / Zealand / Utrecht
- 1605Clement VIII [Ippolito Aldofireini]: Pope (1592-1605), dies at 69
- 1625James I (VI): King of England (1603-25) / Poet / author, dies at 58
- 1644Louise Juliana: Countess of Nassau, dies at 73
- 1732Joseph-Francois Salomon: Composer, dies at 82
- 1770Crispus Attuks: Slave, is 1st of 5 killed during Boston Massacre
- 1778Thomas A Arne: English Composer (Alfred, Rule Britannia), dies at 67
- 1795Josef Reicha: Composer, dies at 42
- 1827Alessandro Volta: Italian physicist (made 1st battery), dies at 82
- 1853Georg A Kestner: German art collector / diplomat, dies at 75
- 1873Marie-Alexis Castillon de Saint-Victor: Composer, dies at 34
- 1876Marie-C-S de Flavigny Agoult [Daniel Stern]: French author, dies at 70
- 1893Hippolyte Taine: French philosopher / historian, dies at 64
- 1893Richard Samuel Hughes: Composer, dies at 37
- 1895Nikolai Leskow: Writer, dies at 64
- 1904Alfred von Waldersee: Prussian Field Marshal / Chief of Staff, dies at 71
- 1919Jozef Surzynski: Composer, dies at 67
- 1932Takuma Dan: Japanese Baron / financier / industrial, murdered
- 1941Ludwig Quidde: German Historian / politician (Nobel 1927), dies at 82
- 1944Max Jacob: French writer, dies in Nazi concentration camp at 67
- 1947Alfredo Casella: Italian Composer / conductor (La Giara), dies at 63
- 1952Vladimir Vladimirovich Scherbachov: Composer, dies at 63
- 1953Josef V Stalin: Soviet leader responsible for 11M murders, dies at 73
- 1953Sergey Sergeyevich Prokofiev: Composer, dies at 61
- 1954Julian Lowell Coolidge: Mathematician (Study-Segre school), dies at 80
- 1956Erich Itor Kahn: Composer, dies at 50
- 1962Anne C Veth: Dutch cartoonist / art critic, dies at 82
- 1962Otakar Jeremias: Composer, dies at 69