Events on Mar 9
- 1452Pope Nicolaas I crowns Frederik III RC-German Emperor
- 1496Jews are expelled from Carintha Austria
- 1497Nicolaus Copernicus 1st recorded astronomical observation
- 1500Pedro Cabral departs with 13 ships to India
- 1551Emperor Karel appoints son Philip as heir to the throne
- 1562Kissing in public banned in Naples (punishable by death)
- 1617Sweden and Russia sign Peace of Stolbowa
- 1640Pierre Corneilles "Horace, " premieres in Paris
- 1642English Queen Henriette Mary arrives in Hellevoetsluis Neth
- 1697Czar Peter the Great begins tour of West-Europe
- 1701France, Cologne and Bavaria sign alliance
- 1721English Chancellor Exchequer John Aislabie confined in London Tower
- 1741English fleet under Admiral Ogle begins assault on Cartagena
- 1745Bells for 1st American carillon shipped from England to Boston
- 1796Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais
- 1798Dr George Balfour becomes 1st naval surgeon in the US navy
- 1822Charles Graham of New York patents artificial teeth
- 1839Prussian government limits work week for children to 51 hours
- 1841US Supreme Court rules Negroes are free (Amistad Incident)
- 1849Carl Nikolais opera "Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor, " premieres
- 1858Albert Potts of Philadelphia patents the street mailbox
- 18601st Japanese ambassador arrives in SF en route to Washington
- 1861Confederate currency authorized-$50, $100, $500, $1,000
- 1862"Monitor" (Union) and "Merrimack" (Rebel) battle in Hampton Roads
- 1864Ulysses S Grant is appointed commander of Union Army
- 1868The opera "Hamlet" premieres in Paris
- 1873Royal Canadian Mounted Police founded
- 1882False teeth patented
- 1889Kansas passes 1st general antitrust law in US
- 1893Congo cannibals killed 1000s of Arabs
Born on Mar 9
- 1564David Fabricius: Essens, Germany -- Astronomer (discoved variable star)
- 1568Aloysius "Luigi" van Gonzaga: Italian Prince / Jesuit / Saint
- 1697Friederike C Neuber: German actress / author (Allerkostbarste Schatz)
- 1735August Bernhard Valentin Herbing: Composer
- 1737Josef Myslivecek: Composer
- 1758Franz Joseph Gall: German / French Physician (frenology)
- 1777Alexander Orlowski: Polish painter / cartoonist / graphic artist
- 1791George Hayward: United States -- Surgeon - 1st to use ether
- 1810Jean-Georges Kastner: Composer
- 1812Jakob Eduard Schmolzer: Composer
- 1824Leland Stanford: (Gov / Sen) / founder of Stanford University
- 1826Jean Joseph Bott: German violinist / composer
- 1839Felix Huston Robertson: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1928
- 1848Martin Pierre Joseph Marsick: Composer
- 1850Alexandre Luigini: Composer
- 1865Margaret Murray Washington: Wife of Booker T / head (NACW 1896..1918)
- 1874Johann Richard Ohlsson: Composer
- 1875Martin Fallas Shaw: Composer
- 1877Emil Abderhalden: Switzerland -- Physiologist / bio-chemist
- 1881Enver Pasja: Turkish General / politician
- 1881Ernest Bevin: British Minister of Labour / Foreign affairs
- 1883Umberto Saba: Writer
- 1885Ringgold "Ring" Lardner: Baseball player
- 1890Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov: Soviet Foreign Minister (UN)
- 1892David Garnett: England, United Kingdom -- Novelist / editor (Lady into Fox)
- 1892Frank Puglia: Sicily, Italy -- Actor (Black Orchid, Jungle Book)
- 1892Joseph Weinheber: Austria -- Poet / writer (Adel und Untergang)
- 1892Vita Sackville-West: England, United Kingdom -- Novelist / poet (The Land)
- 1893Edgar Scauflaire: Belgian muralist / decorator
- 1893Hans Munch: Composer
Died on Mar 9
- 1566David Riccio: Italian singer / secretary of Mary Stuart, murdered
- 1661Jules "Cardinal" Mazarin: Chief Minister of France, dies at 58
- 1688Claude Mellan: French engraver / cartoonist / painter, dies at 89
- 1693Antonio Caraffa: Italian General (Eperieser Bloedgericht)
- 1747Jacob Campo Weyerman: S Netherlands adventurer / Painter / writer, dies at 69
- 1800Dominique Della-Maria: Composer, dies at 30
- 1819Janos Fusz: Composer, dies at 41
- 1824Jacobus J Cramer: Priest of Holland / Zealand / Friesland, dies at 79
- 1827Franz Xaver Gerl: Composer, dies at 62
- 1831Friedrich M Klinger: German (stage)author (Plimplamplasko), dies at 79
- 1870Theodore Labarre: Composer, dies at 65
- 1877Mark Prager Lindo: English / Dutch Author (Netherlands Spectator), dies at 58
- 1895Leopold von Sacher-Masoch: Austrian writer (Masochism), dies at 59
- 1913Eberhard Nestle: German biblical scholar, dies at 61
- 1918[Benjamin] Franc[lin] Wedekind: German writer / press sec, dies at 53
- 1931Ida B Wells-Barnett: Famous black, dies in Chicago at 78
- 1938Sydney Baynes: Composer, dies at 59
- 1941Carlos Pedrell: Composer, dies at 62
- 1955Matthew A Henson: Met Peary on 6 / 4 / 1909 at North Pole, dies at 88
- 1962Howard Engstrom: Boston, a designer of Univac computer, dies at 59
- 1964Johanna W "Mina" Bakker: Dutch actress (Boefje), dies at 87
- 1964Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck: Prussian General / politician, dies at 93
- 1965Anthon van der Horst: Dutch Organist / composer, dies at 65
- 1965Kazys Boruta: Writer
- 1969Riad: Chief of Staff (Egyptian army)
- 1969Richard Crane: Actor (Surfside 6), dies at 50
- 1971Jean-Pierre Guezek: Composer, dies at 36
- 1974Earl W Sutherland, Jr.: US pharmacologist (Nobel 1971), dies at 58
- 1975Joseph Dunninger: NYC, mentalist (Amazing Dunninger), dies at 82
- 1975Shirley Ross: Actress (Night Vision, Mindkiller), dies at 62
Historical events on March 10
- 0418Jews are excluded from public office in the Roman Empire
- 1526Emperor Charles V marries Princess Isabella of Portugal
- 1624England declares war on Spain
- 1629King Charles I dissolved Parliament; he called it back 11 years later
- 1661French King Louis XIV ends office of Premier
- 1681English Quaker William Penn receives charter from Charles II, making him sole proprietor of colonial American territory Pennsylvania
- 1734Spanish army under Don Carlos (III) draws into Naples
- 1791John Stone, Concord, Mass, patents a pile driver
- 18471st money minted in Hawaii
- 1849Abraham Lincoln applies for a patent; only US President to do so
- 1862Great Britain and France recognizes independence of Zanzibar
- 1862US issues 1st paper money ($5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500 & $1000)
- 1864Grant is named commander of the Union armies
- 1864Red River campaign, Louisiana
- 18761st telephone call made (Alexander Graham Bell to Thomas Watson)
- 1880Salvation Army of England sets up US welfare and religious activity
- 1888HW Boxing champ John L Sullivan draws Charlie Mitchell in 30 rounds
- 1893Ivory Coast becomes a French colony
- 1896After Bob Fitzsimmons KOs much larger Jim Corbett to win world HW championship he says, "The bigger they are, the harder they fall"
- 1900Battle at Driefontein, South-Africa (Boers vs. British army)
- 1902Earthquake destroys Turkish city of Tochangri
- 1903Harry Gammeter, Cleveland, patents multigraph duplicating machine
- 1903Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 sweep Montreal AAA in 2 games
- 1905Japanese Army captures Mukden (Shenyang)
- 1906Coal dust explosion kills 1,060 at Courrieres France
- 1906London Underground opens Bakeroo line (Baker Street to Waterloo Line)
- 1909Jack Johnson fights Victor McLaglen to no decision in 6 for box title
- 1910China ends slavery
- 1910Pittsburgh Courier, begins publishing
- 1913Stanley Cup: Quebec Bulldogs sweep Sydney (NS) Millionaires in 2 games
Born on March 10
- 1452Ferdinand II [the Catholic]: King of Aragon / Sicily (expelled Jews)
- 1503Ferdinand I: German Emperor (1558-64)
- 1628Constantine Huygens, Jr.: Dutch poet / painter / cartoonist
- 1656Adolf H van Rechteren: Dutch diplomat / politician
- 1698Gaetano Maria Schiassi: Composer
- 1713Christian Friedrich Schale: Composer
- 1713Raphael Weiss: Composer
- 1748John Playfair: Scotland, United Kingdom -- Clergyman / geologist / mathematician
- 1755Philipp Christoph Kayser: Composer
- 1771Georg F Creuzer: German philological / historian (Idea und Probe)
- 1772Friedrich von Schlegel: Germany -- Romantic writer / critic (Lucinde)
- 1776Luise: Queen of Prussia / Wife of Frederik Willem III
- 1780Juan Jose Landaeta: Composer
- 1787William Etty: English painter (nudes)
- 1788Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff: German poet (Das Marmorbild)
- 1809William David Porter: Commander (Union Navy), died in 1864
- 1812Victor Tesch: Belgian lawyer / Minister of Justice
- 1818George Wythe Randolph: Confederate States Secretary of War, died in 1867
- 1822Willem Roelofs: Dutch painter / lithographer
- 1824Thomas James Churchill: Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1905
- 1832William Henry Penrose: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1903
- 1839Dudley Buck: Hartford, Connecticut -- Organist / church composer
- 1842Ina Donna Coolbrith: United States -- Poet laureate of California
- 1844Pablo Martin M de Sarasate y Navascuez: Composer (Spanish Dancing)
- 1845Alexander III A Romanov: Russian tsar (1881-94)
- 1865Pim [Willem JH] Mulier: Dutch journalist / writer / sport-organizer
- 1867Lillian D Wald: United States -- Sociologist / organizer (Visiting Nurses)
- 1870Alfred Kastner: Composer
- 1872Felix Borowski: Composer
- 1873Jakob Wassermann: Germany -- Novelist (My Life as German and Jew)
Died on March 10
- 0483Simplicius: Italian Pope (468-83)
- 1585Rembert Dodoens [Rembertus Dodonaeus]: Physician / botanist, dies at 67
- 1592Michiel Coxcie: Flemish (court)painter / carpet designer
- 1597Petrus Forestus: Dutch Physician (Willem of Orange)
- 1700Diogo Diaz Melgaz: Composer, dies at 61
- 1701Johann Schelle: Composer, dies at 52
- 1716Wenzel Ludwig von Radolt: Composer, dies at 48
- 1735Dirk T van Cloon: Dutch lawyer / Governor-General of E Indies, dies at about 46
- 1792John Stuart: 3rd Earl of Bute / English Premier (1760-63), dies at 78
- 1819Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi: Writer
- 1826Johan VI M L J: King of Portugal (1816-26), dies at 56
- 1832Muzio Clementi: Italian composer, dies at 79
- 1861Josepf Francois Snel: Composer, dies at 67
- 1864Maximilian II Jozef: King of Bayern (1848-64), dies at 52
- 1865William Henry "Little Billy" Chase Whiting: Confederate General Major, dies at 48
- 1866Antonio Francesco Gaetano S Pacini: Composer, dies at 87
- 1870Isaak-Ignaz Moscheles: Composer, dies at 75
- 1872Giuseppe Mazzini: Italian revolutionary (Giovane Italy), dies at 66
- 1875Louis Joseph Daussoigne-Mehul: Composer, dies at 84
- 1888Ciro Pinsuti: Italian pianist / composer, dies at 57
- 1892Otto van Raised: Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies (1884-88), dies at 69
- 1897Teodulo Mabellini: Composer, dies at 79
- 1900Johann Peter Emilius Hartmann: Composer, dies at 94
- 1901Vasily Georgiyevich Wrangell: Composer, dies at 38
- 1906Eugen Richter: German MP (Liberal), dies at 67
- 1910Carl Heinrich Carsten Reinecke: Composer, dies at 85
- 1910Karl Lueger: Austrian anti-semite / Mayor of Vienna, dies at 65
- 1913Harriet Tubman: Abolitionist, conductor on Underground RR, dies in New York
- 1922Arthur Hervey: Composer, dies at 67
- 1922Horace Wadham Nicholl: Composer, dies at 73
Events on Mar 11
- 0417Zosimus becomes Bishop of Rome
- 0537Goths lay siege to Rome
- 0843Icon worship officially re-instated in Aya Sofia Constantinople
- 1502Tebriz: Shah Ismail I of Persia crowned
- 1563League of High Nobles routes 2nd protest against King Philip II
- 1567Geuzen army leaves Walcheren to return to Oosterweel
- 1597Land guardian Albrecht occupies Amiens on France
- 1598Countess Charlotte of Nassau marries Duke Claude de la Tremoille
- 1649Treaty of Rueil destroys 1st Fronde-uprising
- 1665New York approves new code guaranteeing Protestants religious rights
- 1669Volcano Etna in Italy erupts killing 15,000
- 17021st English daily newspaper "Daily Courant, " publishes
- 1779US army Corps of Engineers established (1st time)
- 1791Samuel Mulliken, Philadelphia, is 1st to obtain more than 1 US patent
- 1795Battle at Kurdla India: Mahratten beat Mogols
- 1810Emperor Napoleon married by proxy to Archduchess Marie Louise
- 1812Citizenship granted to Prussian Jews
- 18231st normal school in US opens, Concord Academy, Concord, Vermont
- 1824US War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs
- 1835HMS Beagle anchors off Valparaiso, Chile
- 1861Confederate convention in Montgomery, adopts constitution
- 1862General Stonewall Jackson evacuates Winchester Virginia Army of the Potomac. General Henry Halleck is named general-in-chief
- 1862Lincoln removes McClellen as general-in-chief and makes him head of
- 1867Great Mauna Loa eruption (Hawaiian volcano)
- 1882Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association organized in Princeton, New Jersey
- 18921st public basketball game (Springfield, Massachusetts)
- 1895Spanish cruiser Reina Regenta sinks at Gibraltar, 400 killed
- 1901Cincinnati Enquirer reports Baltimore Manager John McGraw signed Cherokee Indian Tokohoma, who is really black 2nd baseman Charlie Grant
- 1904Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 sweep Brandon Wheat Kings in 2 games
- 1905Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 beat Rat Portage Thisles, 2 games to 1
Born on Mar 11
- 1544Torquato Tasso: Italy -- Renaissance poet (Aminta, Apologia)
- 1549Henric Spieghel: Dutch Renaissance poet (Hertspiegel)
- 1596Isaac Elsevier: Book publisher
- 1654Heinrich Georg Neuss: Composer
- 1683Giovanni Veneziano: Composer
- 1731Robert Treat Paine: Judge, signer (Declaration of Independence)
- 1781Anthony Philip Heinrich: Composer
- 1793Jan F Willems: Flemish writer / philologist
- 1811Marsena Rudolph Patrick: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1811Urbain Jean Joseph le Verrier: Co-discoverer (Neptune)
- 1812James Speed: Attorney General (Union), died in 1887
- 1812William Vincent Wallace: Composer
- 1818John Wilkins Whitfield: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1879
- 1819Henry Tate: English sugar producer (Tate Gallery)
- 1819Marius Petipa: French ballet dancer / choreographer (Don Quiotte)
- 1822Allison Nelson: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862
- 1827Septimus Winner: Composer
- 1832Franz Melde: German phyicist (Melde test)
- 1832William Ruffin Cox: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1919
- 1840Edmund Kirby, Jr.: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1860Thomas Hastings: NYC, New York -- Architect (NY Public Library)
- 1863Wobbe de Vries: Dutch linguist
- 1872Abraham van Stolk Jzn: Lumber Merchant / art collector
- 1876Carl Ruggles: Marion, Massachusetts -- Composer (Evocations)
- 1876David Wijnkoop: Dutch revolutionary socialist
- 1879Justus Hermann Wetzel: Composer
- 1879Niels Bjerrum: Danish chemist (ph tests)
- 1884Jan Lemaire: Dutch writer / actor (Beautiful Juliet)
- 1885Malcolm Campbell: 1st auto racer to travel 5 miles / min (8 km / min)
- 1890Vannevar Bush: Developed 1st electronic analogue computer
Died on Mar 11
- 0638Sophronius of Jerusalem: Saint / patriarch of Jerusalem
- 1486Albrecht III Achilles: Elector of Brandenburg, dies at 71
- 1715Jan-Erasmus Quellinus: Flemish painter, dies at 80
- 1772George Reuter: Composer, dies at 63
- 1786Jacobus Bellamy [Zelandus]: Dutch / Swiss poet, dies at 28
- 1787Maximilian JLP Gardel: French ballet dancer / choreographer, dies at 45
- 1807Anton Eberl: Composer, dies at 41
- 1820Benjamin West: British Painter (Death of General Wolfe), dies at 81
- 1826Gervais-Francois Couperin: Composer, dies at 66
- 1833Fridolin Weber: Composer, dies at 71
- 1845John Chapman [Johnny Appleseed]: Dies in Allen County, Indiana
- 1857Manuel Jose Quintana: Spanish Author / Poet (A la paz), dies at 84
- 1874Charles Sumner: A white civil rights leader, dies at 63
- 1897Berthold Tours: Composer, dies at 58
- 1897Henry Drummond: Scottish geologist / evangelist, dies at 45
- 1907Nikola Petkow: Premier (Bulgaria), murdered
- 1908Peter Milne: Composer, dies at 83
- 1919Harald Fryklof: Composer, dies at 36
- 1921Sherburne W Burnham: US astronomer (binary stars), dies at 83
- 1925Andreas Hallen: Composer, dies at 78
- 1937Paul Scheinpflug: Composer, dies at 61
- 1941Walford Davies: British Organist / composer, dies at 71
- 1944Hendrik W van Loon: Neth / US radio commentator / writer, dies at 62
- 1947Victor Hely-Hutchinson: Composer, dies at 45
- 1949Juan Lamonte de Grignon: Composer, dies at 76
- 1950Florence Arliss: Actress (Disraeli), dies at 78
- 1951Philippe of Isacker: Belgian minister, dies at 66
- 1955Alexander Fleming: English bacteriologist (penicillin), dies at 73
- 1956Sergey Nikiforovich Vasilenko: Russian opera composer, dies at 83
- 1957Richard E Byrd: United States -- Explorer (Antarctica), dies at 68