Events on Mar 11
- 0417Zosimus becomes Bishop of Rome
- 0537Goths lay siege to Rome
- 0843Icon worship officially re-instated in Aya Sofia Constantinople
- 1502Tebriz: Shah Ismail I of Persia crowned
- 1563League of High Nobles routes 2nd protest against King Philip II
- 1567Geuzen army leaves Walcheren to return to Oosterweel
- 1597Land guardian Albrecht occupies Amiens on France
- 1598Countess Charlotte of Nassau marries Duke Claude de la Tremoille
- 1649Treaty of Rueil destroys 1st Fronde-uprising
- 1665New York approves new code guaranteeing Protestants religious rights
- 1669Volcano Etna in Italy erupts killing 15,000
- 17021st English daily newspaper "Daily Courant, " publishes
- 1779US army Corps of Engineers established (1st time)
- 1791Samuel Mulliken, Philadelphia, is 1st to obtain more than 1 US patent
- 1795Battle at Kurdla India: Mahratten beat Mogols
- 1810Emperor Napoleon married by proxy to Archduchess Marie Louise
- 1812Citizenship granted to Prussian Jews
- 18231st normal school in US opens, Concord Academy, Concord, Vermont
- 1824US War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs
- 1835HMS Beagle anchors off Valparaiso, Chile
- 1861Confederate convention in Montgomery, adopts constitution
- 1862General Stonewall Jackson evacuates Winchester Virginia Army of the Potomac. General Henry Halleck is named general-in-chief
- 1862Lincoln removes McClellen as general-in-chief and makes him head of
- 1867Great Mauna Loa eruption (Hawaiian volcano)
- 1882Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association organized in Princeton, New Jersey
- 18921st public basketball game (Springfield, Massachusetts)
- 1895Spanish cruiser Reina Regenta sinks at Gibraltar, 400 killed
- 1901Cincinnati Enquirer reports Baltimore Manager John McGraw signed Cherokee Indian Tokohoma, who is really black 2nd baseman Charlie Grant
- 1904Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 sweep Brandon Wheat Kings in 2 games
- 1905Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 beat Rat Portage Thisles, 2 games to 1
Born on Mar 11
- 1544Torquato Tasso: Italy -- Renaissance poet (Aminta, Apologia)
- 1549Henric Spieghel: Dutch Renaissance poet (Hertspiegel)
- 1596Isaac Elsevier: Book publisher
- 1654Heinrich Georg Neuss: Composer
- 1683Giovanni Veneziano: Composer
- 1731Robert Treat Paine: Judge, signer (Declaration of Independence)
- 1781Anthony Philip Heinrich: Composer
- 1793Jan F Willems: Flemish writer / philologist
- 1811Marsena Rudolph Patrick: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1811Urbain Jean Joseph le Verrier: Co-discoverer (Neptune)
- 1812James Speed: Attorney General (Union), died in 1887
- 1812William Vincent Wallace: Composer
- 1818John Wilkins Whitfield: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1879
- 1819Henry Tate: English sugar producer (Tate Gallery)
- 1819Marius Petipa: French ballet dancer / choreographer (Don Quiotte)
- 1822Allison Nelson: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862
- 1827Septimus Winner: Composer
- 1832Franz Melde: German phyicist (Melde test)
- 1832William Ruffin Cox: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1919
- 1840Edmund Kirby, Jr.: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1860Thomas Hastings: NYC, New York -- Architect (NY Public Library)
- 1863Wobbe de Vries: Dutch linguist
- 1872Abraham van Stolk Jzn: Lumber Merchant / art collector
- 1876Carl Ruggles: Marion, Massachusetts -- Composer (Evocations)
- 1876David Wijnkoop: Dutch revolutionary socialist
- 1879Justus Hermann Wetzel: Composer
- 1879Niels Bjerrum: Danish chemist (ph tests)
- 1884Jan Lemaire: Dutch writer / actor (Beautiful Juliet)
- 1885Malcolm Campbell: 1st auto racer to travel 5 miles / min (8 km / min)
- 1890Vannevar Bush: Developed 1st electronic analogue computer
Died on Mar 11
- 0638Sophronius of Jerusalem: Saint / patriarch of Jerusalem
- 1486Albrecht III Achilles: Elector of Brandenburg, dies at 71
- 1715Jan-Erasmus Quellinus: Flemish painter, dies at 80
- 1772George Reuter: Composer, dies at 63
- 1786Jacobus Bellamy [Zelandus]: Dutch / Swiss poet, dies at 28
- 1787Maximilian JLP Gardel: French ballet dancer / choreographer, dies at 45
- 1807Anton Eberl: Composer, dies at 41
- 1820Benjamin West: British Painter (Death of General Wolfe), dies at 81
- 1826Gervais-Francois Couperin: Composer, dies at 66
- 1833Fridolin Weber: Composer, dies at 71
- 1845John Chapman [Johnny Appleseed]: Dies in Allen County, Indiana
- 1857Manuel Jose Quintana: Spanish Author / Poet (A la paz), dies at 84
- 1874Charles Sumner: A white civil rights leader, dies at 63
- 1897Berthold Tours: Composer, dies at 58
- 1897Henry Drummond: Scottish geologist / evangelist, dies at 45
- 1907Nikola Petkow: Premier (Bulgaria), murdered
- 1908Peter Milne: Composer, dies at 83
- 1919Harald Fryklof: Composer, dies at 36
- 1921Sherburne W Burnham: US astronomer (binary stars), dies at 83
- 1925Andreas Hallen: Composer, dies at 78
- 1937Paul Scheinpflug: Composer, dies at 61
- 1941Walford Davies: British Organist / composer, dies at 71
- 1944Hendrik W van Loon: Neth / US radio commentator / writer, dies at 62
- 1947Victor Hely-Hutchinson: Composer, dies at 45
- 1949Juan Lamonte de Grignon: Composer, dies at 76
- 1950Florence Arliss: Actress (Disraeli), dies at 78
- 1951Philippe of Isacker: Belgian minister, dies at 66
- 1955Alexander Fleming: English bacteriologist (penicillin), dies at 73
- 1956Sergey Nikiforovich Vasilenko: Russian opera composer, dies at 83
- 1957Richard E Byrd: United States -- Explorer (Antarctica), dies at 68
Historical events on March 12
- 1000Odo of Lagery elected as Pope Urban II, replacing Victor III
- 1054Pope Leo IX escapes captivity and returns to Rome
- 1144Gherardo Caccianemici elected Pope Lucius II, succeeding Callistus II
- 1350Orvieto city says it will behead and burn Jewish-Christian couples
- 1365University of Vienna founded
- 1496Jews are expelled from Syria
- 1594Company of Distant established for business on East-Indies
- 1597England routes troops to Amiens
- 1609Bermuda becomes an English colony
- 1619Dutch settlement on Java changes name to Batavia
- 1622Ignatius of Loyola declared a Saint
- 1642Abel Tasman is 1st European in New Zealand
- 16641st naturalization act in American colonies
- 1664New Jersey becomes a British colony
- 1689Former English King James II lands in Ireland
- 17551st steam engine in America installed, to pump water from a mine
- 1773Jeanne Baptiste Pointe de Sable found settlement now known as Chicago
- 1799Austria declares war on France
- 18482nd Republic established in France
- 18491st gold seekers arrive in Nicaragua en route to California
- 18501st US $20 gold piece issued
- 1860Congress accepts Pre-emption Bill: free land in West for colonists
- 1865Affair near Lone Jack, Missouri
- 1867Last French troops leave Mexico
- 1868Britain annexed Basutoland in Africa
- 1868Great Britain annexes Basutoland in Africa
- 1877British annex Walvis Bay in southern Africa
- 1877Great Britain annexes Walvis Bay at Cape colony
- 1884Mississippi establishes 1st US state college for women
- 1889Battle at Metema (Gallabad): Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV, defeated
Born on March 12
- 1336Eduard: Duke of Gelre (1361-71) husband of Catharina of Bayern
- 1515Caspar Othmayr: Composer
- 1685George Berkeley: Ireland -- Philosopher / Bishop of Cloyne
- 1710Thomas Augustine Arne: English composer (Alfred, Rule Britannia)
- 1755Georges Couthon: French politician
- 1768Carolus Antonius Fodor: Composer
- 1793Augustin-Philippe Peellaert: Composer
- 1800Louis-Prosper Gachard: Belgian historian
- 1806Jane Means Appleton Pierce: 1st lady (1853-57)
- 1808Gerrit van der Linde Jz [Schoolmaster]: Dutch poet
- 1816David Stuart: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1868
- 1818John Lorimar Worden: Captain (Union Navy), died in 1897
- 1821Luitpold von Bayern: Prince-regent of Bayern
- 1823William Flank Perry: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
- 1824Gustav R Kirchoff: Prussia -- Physicist (spectral analysis)
- 1826Robert Lowry: Composer
- 1827John Robert Jones: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
- 1827William Richard Terry: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1897
- 1830William Felix Brantley: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1870
- 1831Clement Studebaker: Automobile pioneer (Studebaker)
- 1832Charles Boycott: Ireland -- Estate manager / caused boycotts
- 1835Simon Newcomb: United States -- Scientist / mathematician / astronomer
- 1837Felix Alexandre Guilmant: Composer
- 1838William Perkin: Inventor (1st artificial dye)
- 1848Cyrill Kistler: Composer
- 1859Josef Cyril Sychra: Composer
- 1860Salvatore Di Giacomo: Composer
- 1862Jane Delano: United States -- Nurse / teacher / founder (Red Cross)
- 1863Adolf A Wolfschoon: Poet
- 1874Edmund Eysler: Austrian composer
Died on March 12
- 0417Innocent I: Italian Pope (401-417)
- 0604Gregory I the Great: Pope (590-604), dies at 64
- 1209Djamal al-din Abu Mohammed Iljas Nizami: Persian poet
- 1471Dionysius the Carthusian / van Rijkel: Dutch scholastic theologist
- 1496Johannes de Lapide [Johan Heynlin]: German philosopher
- 1507Cesare Borgia: Cardinal / soldier / politician, killed in battle at 31
- 1570Jacob van den Eynden: Grand Pensionary of Holland
- 1648Tirso de Molina: Spanish author, dies at about 63
- 1681French van Mieris [the Elder]: Dutch genre painter, dies at 45
- 1734Antonius Schultingh [Schultingius]: Dutch lawyer, dies at 74
- 1753George Berkeley: Philosopher / Bishop (Cloyne), dies on 68th birthday
- 1824Heinrich Carl Ebell: Composer, dies at 48
- 1831Johann Franz Volkert: Composer, dies at 64
- 1832Daniel Friedrich Kuhlau: German / Danish opera composer, dies at 45
- 1834Karl W Feuerbach: Mathematician (circle of Feuerbach), dies at 33
- 1840Friedrich Westenholz: Composer, dies at 61
- 1852Juan Bros y Bertomel: Composer, dies at 75
- 1877Crystobal Oudrid y Segura: Composer, dies at 52
- 1888Henry Bergh: Founder (ASPCA), dies at 76
- 1889Yohannes IV [Kasa]: Emperor of Ethiopia (1872-89), dies in battle
- 1902John Peter Altgeld: German / US Governor of Illinois, dies at 54
- 1905Rudolf von Alt: Austrian painter, dies at 92
- 1909Johanna "Lena" Bakker: Dutch actress / Wife of Bruno Gerlach, dies at 34
- 1913Joseph Bayer: Composer, dies at 61
- 1914George Westinghouse: US engineer (Westinghouse Electric), dies at 67
- 1916M v Ebner-Eschenbach: Writer, dies at 39
- 1924Hilaire Comte de Chardonnet: Inventor (rayon)
- 1925Sun Yat-Sen: Chinese revolutionary President, dies at 58
- 1932Ivar Kreuger: "Swedish Match King" industrialist, commits suicide
- 1937Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor: French Organist / composer, dies at 93
Events on Mar 13
- 0483St. Felix III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1138German King Koenraad II von Hohenstaufen crowned
- 1560Spanish fleet occupies Djerba, at Tripoli
- 1564Cardinal Granvelle flees Brussels
- 1567Battle at Oosterweel: Spanish troops destroy Geuzenleger
- 1569Battle of Jarnac, Count of Anjou defeats Huguenots
- 1591Battle at Tondibi: Moroccans army under Judar beats Sultan Askia Ishaq II of Songhai
- 1639Cambridge College renamed Harvard for clergyman John Harvard
- 1656Jews are denied the right to build a synagogue in New Amsterdam
- 1677Massachusetts gains title to Maine for $6,000
- 17351st US Moravian bishop, David Nitschmann, consecrated in Germany
- 1781Sir William Herschel sees "comet" (really discovered Uranus)
- 1790John Martin, 1st American-born actor, performs in Philadelphia
- 1835Charles Darwin departs Valparaiso for Andes crossing
- 1852Uncle Sam cartoon figure made its debut in the New York Lantern weekly
- 1861Jefferson Davis signs bill authorizing use of slaves as soldiers
- 1865US Confederate Congress calls on black slaves for field service
- 1868Senate begins President Andrew Johnson impeachment trial
- 1869Arkansas legislature passes anti-Klan law
- 1878Oxford defeats Cambridge in their 1st golf match
- 1884Siege of Khartoum Sudan begins
- 1884US adopts Standard Time
- 1887Chester Greenwood of Maine patents earmuffs
- 1888Great Blizzard of 1888 rages
- 1894J L Johnstone of England invents horse racing starting gate
- 1895Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks off Gibraltar, 402 die
- 1900British troops occupy Bloemfontein, Orange-Free state
- 1904Bronze statue of Christ on Argentine-Chilian border dedicated
- 1911Stanley Cup: Ottawa Senators beat Galt (Ont), 7-4
- 1912Stanley Cup: Quebec Bulldogs sweep Moncton (NB) in 2 games
Born on Mar 13
- 1548Sasbout Vosmeer: Dutch Catholic theologist / apostole
- 1599Johannes Berchmans: Dutch Jesuit / Saint
- 1615Innocent XII [Antonio Pignatelli]: Pope (1691-1700)
- 1696Louis F A D Duke de Richelieu: French marshal
- 1700James Kent: Composer
- 1700Michel Blavet: Composer
- 1712Isfrid Kayser: Composer
- 1733Joseph Priestly: England, United Kingdom -- Clergyman / Scientist (discovered oxygen)
- 1741Jozef II: Archduke of Austria / RC German Emperor (1765-90)
- 1744David Allan: Scottish painter
- 1746Maurus Haberhauer: Composer
- 1752Josef Reicha: Composer
- 1764Charles Earl Grey: (Whig), British Prime Minister (1830-34)
- 1767Heinrich Domnich: Composer
- 1768Charles Louis WJ van Keverberg: Dutch civil servant
- 1770Daniel Lambert: England, United Kingdom -- Giant (weighed 739 lbs (334 kg) at death)
- 1779Oliver Shaw: Composer
- 1781Karl F Schinkel: German architect / painter / writer (Schloss Tegel)
- 1798Abigail Powers Fillmore: 1st lady (1850-53)
- 1818Albion Parris Howe: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1897
- 1820Louis Herbert: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
- 1822Moritz Grave von Strachwitz: German poet
- 1832Alberto Randegger: Composer
- 1850Emilio Serrano y Ruiz: Composer
- 1855Percival "Percy" Lowell: US astronomer (predicted discovery of Pluto)
- 1858Maximilien Luce: French painter
- 1862Vasily Mikhaylovich Metallov: Composer
- 1872Oswald Garrison Villard: American journalist
- 1875Maria E G "Lizzy" Ansingh: Dutch painter (Caught Sultane)
- 1881Balthazar H Verhagen: Netherlands -- South African dramatist / writer
Died on Mar 13
- 1202Mieszko III [the Elder]: Grand Duke of Poland (1173-77, 1200-02)
- 1516Vladislav II Jagiello: King of Bohemia (1490-1516), dies at 60
- 1558Jean Fernel: French Physician / physiologist
- 1619Richard Burbage: English actor (Shakespeare)
- 1716Georg Gabriel Schutz: Composer, dies at 46
- 1756Johann Melchior Conradi: Composer, dies at 81
- 1817Matej Sojka: Composer, dies at 77
- 1837Nikita P Panin: Russian diplomat / Minister of Foreign Affairs, dies at 66
- 1839Robert Gallenberg: Composer, dies at 55
- 1879Adolf Anderssen: German world champ chess (1851..66), dies at 60
- 1881Alexander II: Tsar of Russia, assassinated at 62
- 1890Henry Wylde: Composer, dies at 67
- 1901Benjamin Harrison: 23rd President (1889-1893), dies in Indianapolis at 67
- 1903Nicolas Beets [Hildebrand]: Dutch writer (Camera Obscura), dies at 88
- 1906Susan B[rownell] Anthony: American suffragist, dies at 85
- 1911Jacob M van Bemmelen: Dutch physicist / chemist, dies at 80
- 1915Sergei J Witte: Dutch count / Premier of Russia, dies at 65
- 1918Karel Stecker: Composer, dies at 57
- 1930Mary E W Freeman: US writer (Pembroke), dies at 77
- 1934Fritz Cortolezis: Composer, dies at 56
- 1938Clarence S Darrow: Scopes Monkey Trial attorney, dies in Chicago at 80
- 1941A Coenradi: Dutch resistance fighter, executed
- 1941Bernard Ijzerdraat: Dutch resistance fighter, executed
- 1941E Hellendoorn: Dutch resistance fighter, executed
- 1941J Eyl: Dutch resistance fighter, executed
- 1945Herbert Bedford: Composer, dies at 78
- 1946Abraham Bredius: Dutch art Historian (Rembrandt), dies at 90
- 1946Thomas Frederick Dunhill: Composer, dies at 69
- 1946Werner von Blomberg: German Minister of Reichswehr, dies at 67
- 1951Alfred Hugenberg: German RC President of the Directorate of Krupp / media magnate