Events on Apr 1

• 0374Comet 1P / 374 E1 (Halley) approaches within 0.0884 AUs of Earth
• 0527Justinianus becomes compassionate Emperor of Byzantium
• 0705Greek Pope John VII chosen as successor to John VI
• 1064Body of Bishop Eleutherius of Blandain moved to Doornik
• 1504English guilds / corp goes under state control
• 1572Bloys van Treslong conquers Brielle
• 1578William Harvey of England discovers blood circulation
• 1581Portugese Cortes subjects himself on Philip II
• 1663Gemert fines unwed motherhood (50 guilder penalty)
• 1724Henry Pelham becomes English Minister of War
• 1748Ruins of Pompeii found
• 1778Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, creates "$" symbol
• 1789House of Reps 1st full meeting, NYC, F Muhlenberg 1st speaker
• 1793Volcano Unsen on Japan erupts killing about 53,000
• 1803French law rules the use of intention
• 1826Samuel Mory patents internal combustion engine
• 1836Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle reaches Cocos Islands
• 1850San Francisco County Government established
• 1853Cincinnati became 1st US city to pay fire fighters a regular salary
• 18631st wartime conscription law in US goes into effect
• 1866US Congress rejects presidential veto gives all equal rights in US
• 1867Blacks vote in municipal election in Tuscumbia, Alabama
• 1867International Exhibition opens in Paris
• 1867Singapore, Penang and Malakka become British crown colonies
• 1868Hampton Institute opens
• 18721st edition of The Standard
• 1873British White Star steamship Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, 547 die
• 1873Mehmed Kemals play "Vatan" premeres in Constantinople
• 18761st official NL baseball game (Boston-6, Phila-5)
• 1881Anti-Jewish riots in Jerusalem

Born on Apr 1

• 1283Ludwig IV of Baveria: Roman Catholic Bavarian Emperor (1314-47)
• 1578William Harvey: England, United Kingdom -- Physician (discovered blood circulation)
• 1582Gaspar de Crayer: Flemish painter
• 1582Thomas Simpson: Composer
• 1643Christian Demelius: Composer
• 1721Pieter Hellendaal: Dutch violinist / Organist / composer (Glees)
• 1725Francois Bainville: Composer
• 1755Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: French lawyer (Fisiologia del Gusto)
• 1772Ignaz Franz von Mosel: Composer
• 1785J H Ferdinand Olivier: German painter
• 1802Hubert Reis: Composer
• 1807Fredrik Cygnaeus: Finnish poet / literature critic
• 1809Willem Ruys J Dz: Dutch ship owner
• 1815Otto Von Bismarck: Germany -- Chancellor (1866-90)
• 1817Johannes J van Oosterzee: Dutch theologist
• 1823Simon Bolivar Buckner: Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), died in 1914
• 1834Isidore Edouard Legouix: Composer
• 1843Ludwig Enneccerus: German jurist
• 1847Gavriil Musicescu: Composer
• 1847Jules-Nicolas Crevaux: French explorer (South America)
• 1852Edward Austin Abbey: United States -- Painter (Quest of the Holy Grail)
• 1858Arnold Aletrino: Dutch physician-criminologist / author (From Life)
• 1858Gaetano Mosca: Italian sociologist (Circulation of Elite)
• 1864Marie Jungius: Dutch fairy tale writer
• 1865Richard Zsigmondy: Germany -- Chemist (Nobel-1925)
• 1866Ferruccio D M B Busoni: Italy -- Pianist / composer / conductor (Arlecchino)
• 1866Sophonisba Breckenridge: Scholar / teacher / social activist
• 1868Edmond Rostand: France -- Poet / playwright (Cyrano de Bergerac)
• 1869Peter A Egge: Norwegian writer (De Droom)
• 1871F Melius Christiansen: Composer

Died on Apr 1

• 1204Eleanor of Aquitaine: Wife of Louis VII and Henry II, dies at 81
• 1205Amalrik II: King of Cyprus / Jerusalem
• 1548Sigismund I [the Elder]: King of Poland, dies at 81
• 1611Gillis van Valkenborch: Flemish painter, buried at about 72
• 1734Louis Lully: Composer, dies at 69
• 1799Narciso Casanovas: Composer, dies at 52
• 1807Louis Francois Chambray: Composer, dies at 69
• 1807Vaclav Josef Bartolomej Praupner: Composer, dies at 61
• 1814Jozef de Ferraris: French / Austrian General / cartographer, dies at 87
• 1830Carl Borromaus Neuner: Composer, dies at 51
• 1832Robert the Hermit: US ex-slave / hermit in Massachusetts
• 1866Aime Ambroise Simon Leborne: Composer, dies at 98
• 1866Johannes C H de Meijere: Dutch zoologist
• 1869Anthony G O Ridder van Rappard: Min of Reformed Worship, dies at 69
• 1870Patrick Gass: Sgt of Lewis & Clark Expedition, dies at 98
• 1878Eugene Gautier: Composer, dies at 56
• 1901Francois M Raoult: French physicist / chemist (Law of Raoult), dies at 70
• 1910Andreas Aschenbach: German Painter / engraver, dies at 94
• 1914Rube Waddell: Baseballer, dies at 37 of tuberculosis
• 1915Johann Joseph Abert: Composer, dies at 82
• 1916Gabrielle Petit: Belgian resistance fighter, executed
• 1917Scott Joplin: Ragtime Composer (Sting), dies at 48
• 1918Karl Fritjof Valentin: Composer, dies at 64
• 1922Charles I: Emperor (Austria) / King of Hungary (Charles IV)
• 1925Francis William Davenport: Composer, dies at 77
• 1930Cosima Liszt: Wife of Austrian Composer Richard Wagner, dies at 92
• 1930Zawditu: 1st reigning female Monarch of Ethiopia
• 1933Frederick Lord Chelmsford: Viceroy of Britain - Ind (1916-21), dies at 64
• 1936Mikhail Vladimirovich Ivanov-Boretsky: Composer, dies at 61
• 1941Hippolyte Delehaye: Flemish historian, dies at 81

Historical events on April 2

• 0999Gerbert of Aurillac elected as 1st French Pope
• 1550Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy
• 1559Genoa Italy, expels Jews
• 1590States-General appoints Earl Mauritius, Viceroy of Utrecht
• 1645Robert Devereux resigns as parliament Supreme Commander
• 1745Austria and Bavaria sign peace
• 1792Congress establishes Philadelphia mint
• 18191st successful agricultural journal ("American Farmer") begins
• 1827Joseph Dixon begins manufacturing lead pencils
• 1845H L Fizeau and J Leon Foucault take 1st photo of Sun
• 18601st Italian Parliament met at Turin
• 1863Bread revolt in Richmond Virginia
• 1864Skirmish at Spoonville / Antoine, Arkansas
• 1865Battle of Ft Blakely AL and Selma, Alabama
• 1865CSA President Jefferson Davis flees Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
• 1866President Johnson ends war in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virgina
• 1870Victoria Woodhull is 1st woman to be nominated for US President
• 1872George B Brayton patents gasoline powered engine
• 1876Philadelphia Athletics and Boston Red Caps play 1st NL game, in Philadelphia
• 18771st Easter egg roll held on White House lawn
• 1883Battle at Bamako: French assault on Fabous arm forces attack
• 1884London prison for debtors closed
• 19001st edition of The Volk published (Amsterdam)
• 19021st motion picture theater opens (LA)
• 1905Cairo to Cape Town railway opens
• 1906South Africa complete a 4-1 series drubbing of England
• 1908Mills Committee declares baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday
• 1912Sun Yet Sen forms Guomindang-Party in China
• 1912Titanic undergoes sea trials under its own power
• 1916German troops overtake Bois de Caillette

Born on April 2

• 0742Charlemagne: 1st Holy Roman Emperor (800-14)
• 1602Maria de Jesus de Agreda [Maria Coronel]: Spanish Franciscan
• 1618Francesco M Grimaldi: Mathematician / physicist (light defraction)
• 1628Constantin Christian Dedekind: Composer
• 1632Georg Caspar Weckler: Composer
• 1711Jan Punt: Dutch engraver / illustrator / actor (Gideonschool)
• 1713Onno Zwier van Haren: Frisian poet (Fatherland)
• 1725Casanova: Writer
• 1728Franz Asplmayr: Composer
• 1733Giacomo Tritto: Composer
• 1735Christian Gotthilf Tag: Composer
• 1735Franz Volrath Buttstett: Composer
• 1740Armand-Gaston Camus: French CEO (Council of 500)
• 1763Giacomo Gotifredo Ferrari: Composer
• 1798H v Fallersleben: Writer
• 1803Franz Paul Lachner: Composer
• 1806Giacomo Antonelli: Italian Cardinal / Assistant Secretary of State for Pius IX
• 1814Henry Lewis "Old Rock" Benning: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
• 1817Teodulo Mabellini: Composer
• 1826Philip Dale Roddey: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1897
• 1827William Holdman Hunt: English painter (Light of the World)
• 1833Thomas Howard Ruger: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1862Nicholas Murray Butler: United States -- Columbia University President / pacifist (Nobel 1931)
• 1863Henry C Van de Velde: Flemish painter / architect (Art Nouveau)
• 1868Eduard Jacobs: Singer / pianist (Dutch cabaret)
• 1875Walter Chrysler: Founded car company (Chrysler)
• 1877Arnold Schering: German musicologist (Humor, Heldentum, Tragik)
• 1891Max Ernst: Germany -- Painter / sculptor (founded surrealism)
• 1894Rudolph P Cleveringa: Dutch anti-Nazi lawyer
• 1894Walter Mittelholzer: Switzerland -- Aviation pioneer (Swiss Air)

Died on April 2

• 1118Boudouin I: Of Bologne / Edessa, 1st crusader / King of Jerusalem
• 1416Ferdinand I [the Justified]: King of Aragon / Sicily, dies at 52
• 1640Matthias C Sarbiewski [Sarbievius]: Polish Jesuit / poet, dies at 45
• 1657Ferdinand III: King of Hungarian / Bohemia / German Emperor, dies at 48
• 1705Johann Lohner: Composer, dies at 59
• 1747Johann J Dillenius: German botanist, dies at 63
• 1758Johann Balthasar Konig: Composer, dies at 67
• 1784Pierre Leclair: Composer, dies at 74
• 1803Hieronymus van Alphen: Dutch attorney / Poet (church hymns), dies at 56
• 1831Charles Felix: Blind King of Sardina (1821-31), dies at 74
• 1852Theodor Althaus: Writer
• 1865Ambrose Powell Hill: Confederate General, killed in action at 39
• 1865Richard Cobden: Founder Anti-Corn-Law League, dies at 60
• 1872Samuel F B Morse: Developer of electric telegraph, dies at 80
• 1876Paul van Vlissingen: Dutch ship owner, dies at 78
• 1890Marinus FAG Campbell: Bibliographer, dies at 70
• 1910Boyd Alexander: English explorer (Niger to the Nile), murdered at 37
• 1910Friedrich von Bodelschwingh: German theologist, dies at 79
• 1928Theodore Richards: US chemist (atomic weight, Nobel 1914)
• 1932Hugo Kaun: Composer, dies at 69
• 1937Nathan Birnbaum: Austria philosopher (Zionism), dies at about 72
• 1938Alice Berend: Writer
• 1941Paul Teleki: Premier Hungary
• 1944Mikulas Moyzes: Composer, dies at 71
• 1951Simon Barere: Pianist, dies while perfoming at Carnegie Hall
• 1952Bernard F Lyot: French astronomer (chronograph, Lyot-filter), dies at 55
• 1953Jean Epstein: French director (Vive la Vie), dies at 56
• 1956Albert MLA de Bassompierre: Belgium ambassador to Tokyo, dies at 82
• 1956Chester Clute: Actor (Niagara Falls), dies at 65
• 1956Philippo de Pisis: Italian painter, dies at 59

Events on Apr 3

• 0419[Etalius] ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1043Edward the Confessor crowned King of England
• 13122nd council of Vienna
• 1376Battle of Navarrete (Najera), English beat France
• 1582French van Valois honored as Duke of Gelre / Earl of Zutphen
• 1645English parliament accept Self-Denying Ordinance
• 1657English Lord Protector Cromwell refuses crown
• 1679Edmund Halley meets Johannes Hevelius in Danzig
• 1764Austrian Archduke Jozef crowned himself Roman Catholic King
• 1776Washington receives honorary Ll.D. degree from Harvard College
• 1783Sweden & US sign a treaty of Amity & Commerce
• 1790Revenue Marine Service (US Coast Guard), created
• 1848Thomas Douglas becomes 1st SF public teacher
• 1856Gunpowder in church explodes killing 4,000 in Rhodos
• 1860Pony Express began between St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California
• 1864Skirmish at Okolona, Arkansas
• 1865Battle at Namozine Church, Virginia (Appomattox Campaign)
• 1865Union forces occupy Confederate capital of Richmond Va and Petersberg
• 1882Wood block alarm invented, when alarm rang, it dropped 20 wood blocks
• 1889Savings Bank of Order of True Reformers opens in Richmond, Virginia
• 18931st NSW vs. Queensland F-C game, at Brisbane Exhibition Ground
• 1908Frank Gotch wins world heavyweight wrestling championship in 2 hours
• 1913British suffragette Emily Pankhurst sentenced to 3 years in jail
• 1917Lenin leaves Switzerland for Petrograd
• 1918House of Reps accepts American Creed written by William Tyler
• 1919Austria expels all Habsburgers
• 1922Stalin appointed General Secretary of Communist Party
• 19232 "Black Sox" sue White Sox (unsuccessfully) for back salary
• 1925Great Britain goes back to gold standard
• 1925Netherlands and Belgium sign accord of Westerschelde

Born on Apr 3

• 1245Philips III [the Stout]: King of France (1270-85)
• 1367Henry IV: Bolingbroke Lincolnshire, United Kingdom -- King of England (1399-1413)
• 1438John III van Egmont [Manke John]: Viceroy of Holland
• 1485Lieven van der Maude [Ammonius]: Netherlands -- Poet
• 1569Giovanni Battista Massarengo: Composer
• 1593George Herbert: English metaphysical poet (5 Mystical Songs)
• 1603William Smith: Composer
• 1617Antimo Liberati: Composer
• 1627Johann Caspar Kerll: Composer
• 1649Joseph-Francois Salomon: Composer
• 1682Johann Valentin Rathgeber: German benedictine / composer
• 1720Elia van Vilnius [Elijahu ben Salomo Zalman]: Latvian rabbi
• 1727Philippe-Lambert-Joseph Spruyt: Flemish painter / engraver
• 1751Jean-Baptiste Lamoyne: Composer
• 1757Ferenc Verseghy: Composer
• 1764John Abernethy: London, England -- Surgeon
• 1783Washington Irving: US writer (Legend of Sleepy Hollow)
• 1798Charles D Wilkes: Commander (Union Navy), died in 1877
• 1812Louisa Maria: Queen of the Belgians (1832-50 / Wife of Leopold I)
• 1822Edward Everett Hale: United States -- Clergyman / author (Man without a Country)
• 1823William Macy "Boss" Tweed: Corrupt political boss (NYC)
• 1825Adolf Rzepko: Composer
• 1837John Burroughs: Writer / nature enthusiast (Burroughs Medal namesake)
• 1842Ulric Dahlgren: Colonel (Union volunteers), died in 1864
• 1858Matthew Ricketts: 1st Black man elected to Neb State Legislature
• 1859Reginald De Koven: Composer
• 1860Frederik W van Eeden: Dutch utopian writer (Walden)
• 1866James B Hertzog: South African General / Premier (1914-39)
• 1871Jose Juan Tablada: Mexican poet (El Florilegio)
• 1874Eduardo Sanchez de Fuentes: Composer

Died on Apr 3

• 0033Christ: Crucified (according to astronomer Humphreys & Waddington)
• 0628Chosroes II: Emperor of Persia (579..628), murdered by his son
• 1287Honorius IV [Giacomo Savelli]: Italian Pope (1285-87)
• 1512Richard Pafraet: Dutch printer
• 1525Giovanni Rucellai: Italian Poet (Le Api), dies at 49
• 1581Huibert Duifhuis: Roman Catholic pastor (Rotterdam / Utrecht)
• 1694Ferdinand van Apshoven de Jongere: Flemish painter, buried at 64
• 1695Melchior de Hondecoeter: Dutch still life painter, dies at about 58
• 1769Gerhard Tersteegen: German evangelist / Poet (in blood), dies at 71
• 1797Nonnosus Madlseder: Composer, dies at 66
• 1811Pieter-Jozef Verhaghen: Flemish (court)painter, dies at 83
• 1822Friedrich Bertuch: Writer
• 1826Reginald Heber: Bishop and hymn writer
• 1849Juliusz Slowacki: Pol Poet (Father of the Plague-Patient), dies at 39
• 1850Vaclav Jan Krtitel Tomasek: Organist / pianist / composer, dies at 75
• 1858Sigismund Ritter von Neukomm: Austrian composer, dies at 79
• 1862James Clark Ross: Arctic explorer
• 1868Franz Adolf Berwald: Swedish composer, dies at 71
• 1876Henriette Davidis: Writer
• 1882Friedrich Wilhelm Kucken: Composer, dies at 71
• 1882Jesse James: Outlaw, shot dead at 34, in St Joseph Mo by Robert Ford
• 1884Carel JCH van Nispen tot Sevenaer: Dutch Cath politician, dies at 59
• 1897Johannes Brahms: German Composer / conductor (Hung Dances), dies at 63
• 1909Benjamin Johnson Lang: Composer, dies at 71
• 1919Paul Geisler: Composer, dies at 62
• 1920Homer Newton Bartlett: Composer, dies at 74
• 1936Bruno Hauptmann: Convicted Lindbergh baby killer, executed
• 1941Pal Teleki-von Szek: Prime Minister Hungary (1920-21, 39-41), suicide at 61
• 1942Albert Siklos: Composer, dies at 63
• 1942Paul Gilson: Composer, dies at 76