Events on Apr 9

• 0715Constantine ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1241Battle of Liegnitz - Mongol armies defeat Poles and Germans
• 1454Milan / Venice signs peace of Lodi
• 1474Breisach land guardian Peter von Hagenbach throws out Walloon / Italians
• 1483Edward I (12) succeeds Edward IV as King of England
• 1538Danish King Christian III enters Schmalkaldische Union
• 1555Marcello Cervini elected Pope Marcellus II
• 1609Spain and Netherlands sign 12 Year Resistant Pact
• 1621Spain and Netherlands 12 Year Resistant Pact ends
• 16671st public art exhibition (Palais-Royale, Paris)
• 1682Robert La Salle claims lower Mississippi (Louisiana) for France
• 1691French troops occupy Mons
• 1770Captain James Cook discovers Botany Bay (Australia)
• 1783Tippu Sahib drives out English from Bednore India
• 1808Mayor Wolters offers French King Louis Napoleon townhall as a palace
• 1814Elias Canneman (L) resigns as Minister of Finance
• 1816African Methodist Episcopal Church organizes (Philadelphia)
• 1829Danzig (Gdansk) dike break flood kills 1,200
• 1831Robert Jenkins loses an ear, starts war between Britain and Spain
• 18331st tax-supported public library (Peterborough, NH)
• 1838National Galley opens in London
• 1864Battle of Pleasant Hill LA, 2870 casualities
• 1865Federals capture Ft Blakely, Alabama
• 1865Robert E Lee and 26,765 troops, surrender to US Grant at Appomattox
• 1870American Anti-Slavery Society dissolves
• 1872Samuel R Percy patents dried milk
• 18781st Lady Lucy Hayes begins egg rolling contest on White House lawn
• 19121st exhibition baseball game at Fenway Park (Red Sox vs. Harvard)
• 1912Titanic leaves Queenstown Ireland for New York
• 1914"World, the Flesh & the Devil, " 1st color film, shown in London

Born on Apr 9

• 1611Giacomo Maria Predieri: Composer
• 1627Johann Kaspar Kerll: Composer
• 1634Albertine Agnes: Princess of Orange-Nassau
• 1649James Scott: Duke of Monmouth, bastard Son of English King Charles II
• 1716Johann Georg Zechner: Composer
• 1717Georg Matthias Monn: Composer
• 1754Antonio Frantisek Becvarovsky: Composer
• 1754Pieter Paulus: Dutch lawyer / CEO (National Convention)
• 1757Wojciech Boguslawski: Composer
• 1785Sibrand Acker Stratingh: Dutch Physician / chemist (electric car 1835)
• 1798Giuditta Pasta [Negri]: Soprano
• 1806Isambard Kingdom Brunel: Designer of 1st transatlantic steamer
• 1812Randolph Barnes Marcy: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1887
• 1821Charles-Pierre Baudelaire: France -- Symbolist poet (Flowers of Evil)
• 1826Thomas Hewson Neill: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1885
• 1830Eadweard Muybridge: England, United Kingdom -- Pioneered study of motion photography
• 1847Francesco Paolo Tosti: Composer
• 1847Francis William Davenport: Composer
• 1848Helena Lange: German feminist
• 1850Herman Zumpe: Composer
• 1851C E Arthur Wichmann: German / Dutch geologist (Netherlands Indies)
• 1854Seaborn M Denson: Composer
• 1855Gyula Reviczky: Hungarian author / poet
• 1861Charles Holroyd: Painter / etcher
• 1865Charles Proteus Steinmetz: Germany -- Experiment with AC electricity
• 1865Erich Ludendorff: General (Germany)
• 1871Arthur Fickenscher: Composer
• 1874Julius Bittner: Austrian composer (Little Violet)
• 1879Gerald Festus Kelly: Artist
• 1883Renzo Bossi: Composer

Died on Apr 9

• 0715Constantine I: Greek / Syrian Pope (708-15)
• 1024Benedict VIII [Theophylactus van Tusculum]: Pope (1012-24)
• 1483Edward IV: King of England (1461-70, 71-83) dies at 38
• 1553Francois Rabelais: French Author (Gargantua / Pantagruel), dies at 49
• 1557Michael Agricola: Finnish Theologist / church Reformer / Bishop
• 1681Alfonso Marsh: Composer, dies at 54
• 1747Lord Lovat: English jacobiet
• 1747Simon Fraser: 12th Baron Lovat Jacobite, last man beheaded in England
• 1754Christian von Wolff: German philosopher, dies at 75
• 1761William Law: Theologian
• 1765Maria Louise van Hessen-Kassel: Princess of Orange-Nassau, dies at 77
• 1793Ernestus Weinrauch: Composer, dies at 62
• 1804Jacques Necker: Fiancier / statesman
• 1806Willem V Batavus: Prince of Orange-Nassau, dies at 58
• 1807John Opie: Engl Painter / illustrator: Shakespeare gallery, dies at 45
• 1821Felix Maximo Lopez: Composer, dies at 78
• 1850William Prout: Physician / chemist
• 1851Antoine-Charles Glachant: Composer, dies at 80
• 1852John Howard Payne: Actor / playwright (Fair Warning)
• 1862George W Johnson: US planter / Confederate (gov-Ky), dies at about 50
• 1865Thomas Alfred Smyth: Irish / US Union General Major, dies at 32
• 1879Ernst Friedrich Richter: Composer, dies at 70
• 1882D G Rossetti: Writer, dies at 53
• 1882Gabriel Dante Rossetti: English Poet / painter, dies at 53
• 1886Joseph V von Scheffel: German writer (Ekkehard), dies at 60
• 1893Disma Fumagalli: Composer, dies at 66
• 1904Isabella II: Queen of Spain (1833-68), dies at 73
• 1909Charles Conder: Artist
• 1916Vicente Goicoechea Errasti: Composer, dies at 62
• 1917Edward Thomas: Poet, killed in WWI

Historical events on April 10

• 0837Comet 1P / 837 F1 (Halley) approaches within 0.0334 AUs of Earth
• 0847St. Leo IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope
• 0879Louis III, crowned King of France
• 1500France captures Duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan
• 15161st ghetto, Jews are compelled to live in specific area of Venice
• 1552Henri II of France occupies Metz
• 1589Spanish troops conquer Geertruidenberg
• 1656Dutch fleet occupiers Colombo Ceylon
• 1694Duke Victor Amadeus of Savoye attacks Casale
• 1739Dick Turpin executed in England for horse stealing
• 1741Prussians defeat Austrians at Mollwitz
• 1790Robert Gray is 1st American to circumnavigate the Earth
• 1790US Patent system forms
• 1815Austria declares war on realm of Naples
• 18162nd Bank of US chartered
• 18251st hotel in Hawaii opens
• 1835Charles Darwin returns to Santiago, Chile
• 1841New York "Tribune" begins publishing under editor Horace Greeley
• 1845More than 1,000 buildings damaged by fire in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• 1849Safety pin patented by Walter Hunt (NYC); sold rights for $100
• 1863Rebel General Earl Van Dorn attacks at Franklin, Tennessee
• 1865At Appomattox, General Lee issues General Order #9, his last
• 1866American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) forms
• 1868Brits defeat King of Abyssinia at Magdala
• 1869Congress increases number of Supreme Court judges from 7 to 9
• 18721st National black convention meets in New Orleans
• 1872Arbor day 1st celebrated in Nebraska, later changed to April 22
• 18771st human cannonball act performed in London
• 1877Federal troops withdrawn from Columbia, South Carolina
• 1878California St. Cable Car RR Co starts service

Born on April 10

• 0401Theodosius II [the Younger]: Eastern Roman Emperor
• 1512James I: King of Scotland (1513-42)
• 1569Emilia van Nassau: Daughter of Willem of Orange and Anna of Saxon
• 1583Hugo Grotius: Holland, Netherlands -- Jurist, father of international law
• 1633Werner Fabricius: Composer
• 1695Balthazar Huydecoper: Dutch translator / historian
• 1737Francois Giroust: Composer
• 1755Samuel Hahnemann: German Physician / originator of homeopathy
• 1778William Hazlitt: Maidstone Kent, England -- Essayist / critic
• 1783Hortense E de Beauharnais: French Queen of the Netherlands (1806-10)
• 1794Matthew Calbraith Perry: Commodore, opened Japan
• 1806Leonidas Polk: Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), died in 1864
• 1808Auguste Franchomme: Composer
• 1823Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
• 1827Lewis Wallace: Major General (Union volunteers) / author (Ben Hur)
• 1829William Booth: Founder (Salvation Army)
• 1833David McMurtrie Gregg: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1833James Edward Rains: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862
• 1847Charles Swinnerton Heap: Composer
• 1847Joseph Pulitzer: Hungary -- Publisher (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, New York World)
• 1854Jozef M T Orelio: Baritone
• 1857Henry Ernest Dudeney: Mathematician / puzzle maker
• 1864Tully Marshall: Nevada City, California
• 1868George Arliss: London, England -- Actor (Devil, Green Goddess)
• 1877Alfred Kubin: Writer
• 1880Frances Perkins: 1st woman to hold cabinet-level position (Labor)
• 1882Simon F H J Berkelbach Van der Sprenkel: Theologist (Fear & Religion)
• 1886Val Paul
• 1887Bernardo A Houssay: Argentine physiologist (Nobel 1947)
• 1887Heinz Tiessen: Composer

Died on April 10

• 0879Louis II [the Stutterer]: King of France (877-79)
• 0947Hugo van Arles: Count of Arles / King of Italy
• 1008Notger: Bishop of Luik (972-1008)
• 1362Machteld: Countess of Holland
• 1533Frederik I: King of Denmark / Norway (1523-33), dies at 61
• 1585Gregory XIII [Ugo Buoncampagni]: Italian Pope (1572-85)
• 1640Agostino Agazzari: Italian composer, dies at 61
• 1640Charlotte Flandrina van Nassau: Daughter of Willem I, dies at 60
• 1712Yusuf Nabi: Turkish Poet (Hayriye), dies at about 77
• 1723Claude F Tserclaes: South Netherlands Earl of Tilly, dies at 74
• 1731Maximilian Dietrich Freisslich: Composer, dies at 58
• 1756Giacomo Antonio Perti: Italian composer, dies at 94
• 1760Gerard George Clifford: Head of East-Indian Company, dies at 75
• 1784Simon Fokke: Book illustrator, dies at 71
• 1810Konrad Back: Composer, dies at 60
• 1848Godert AGP baron van Capellen: Governor-General of Dutch-Indies, dies at 69
• 1862William Harvey Lamb Wallace: US lawyer / Brigadier General, dies at 40
• 1863Giovanni B Amia: Italian astronomer / physicist / botanist, dies at 77
• 1885John H Scholten: Theologist (Free Want), dies at 73
• 1909Algernon Charles Swinburne: English poet, dies at 72
• 1911Mikolajus Konstantinas Ciurlionis: Composer, dies at 35
• 1919Emiliano Zapata: Mexican leader, murdered at 39
• 1920Moritz B Cantor: German mathematician, dies at 90
• 1920Tryggve Andersen: Norwegian writer (Mod Kvaeld), dies at 53
• 1929Edmond Thieffry: Belgium -- WWI pilot, dies at 36
• 1937Algernon Ashton: Composer, dies at 77
• 1938Nana Annor Adjaye: Pan-Africanist, dies in West Nzima, Ghana
• 1939Alfredo Panzini: Ital Author (Il Bacio de Lesba), dies at 75
• 1945Hendrik N Werkman: Resistance / Painter (Blue Boat), executed at 63
• 1954Ludwig Curtius: German archaeologist (Die antike Kunst), dies at 79

Events on Apr 11

• 0672Deusdedit III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1471King Edward IV of England conquers London from Henry VI
• 1512Battle at Ravenna: France under Gaston de Foix beat Spanish Army
• 1551English Premier John Dudley appointed Duke of Northumberland
• 1564England and France sign Peace of Troyes
• 1564Liege prince-bishop Robert van Bergen resigns
• 1567Dutch Prince William of Orange flees from Antwerp to Breda
• 1579Venlo joins Union of Utrecht
• 1580Drenthe joins Union of Utrecht
• 1677Battle at Montcassel, French troops beat Prince William III
• 1689William III and Mary II crowned as joint rulers of Britain
• 1713Peace of Utrecht; France cedes Maritime provinces to Britain - English, Prussian, Savoois, Portuguese and French peace treaty
• 18141st abdication of France by Napoleon; he is exiled to Elba
• 1830Robert Schumann attends piano concerto by Paganini
• 1848Hungary becomes constitutional monarchy under King Ferdinand of Aust
• 1862Rebels surrender Ft Pulaski, Georgia-Rebels surrender
• 1863Battle of Suffolk, VA (Norfleet House)
• 1865Battle of Mobile, AL - evacuated by Confederates
• 1865Lincoln urges a spirit of generous conciliation during reconstruction
• 1876Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organizes
• 1876Sir Charles Gordon ends religious tolerance in Sudan
• 1881River ferry "Princess Victoria" sinks in Thames River Ont, 180 die
• 1881Spelman College founded
• 1890Ellis Island designated as an immigration station
• 1898President McKinley asks for Spanish-American War declaration
• 1899Treaty of Paris ratifies ends war; Spain cedes Puerto Rico to US
• 1902Battle at Rooiwal, South-Africa
• 1906Einstein introduces his Theory of Relativity
• 1907New York Giant Roger Bresnahan becomes 1st catcher to wear shin guards
• 1912Cornerstone of Technion in Haifa Palestine laid

Born on Apr 11

• 1370Frederick I the Warlike: Elector of Saxony
• 1586Pietro Della Valle: Composer
• 1602Johann Neukrantz: Composer
• 1638Diogo Diaz Melgaz: Composer
• 1661Antoine Coypel: French painter / poet
• 1681Anne Danican Philidor: Composer
• 1682Jean-Joseph Mouret: Composer
• 1715John Alcock: Composer
• 1722Christopher Smart: English poet and journalist (Ceremony of Carols)
• 1735Pierre Nicolas La Houssaye: Composer
• 1769Johann Georg Lickl: Composer
• 1772Manuel Jose Quintana: Spanish author / poet (El Duque de Viseo)
• 1775Charles-Francois Dumonchau: Composer
• 1779Louise Reichardt: Composer
• 1793Nicolaas C Kist: Dutch church historian / archivist
• 1794Edward Everett: Dorchester, Massachusetts -- (Gov-Massachusetts) Statesman / orator
• 1801Claude Tillier: French journalist / writer (My Uncle Benjamin)
• 1815Klara Fey: German orchestra leader (Deutscher Arbeiterverein)
• 1825Ferdinand Lassalle: French politician / founder (Allgemeiner)
• 1837Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth: Colonel (Union Army), died in 1861
• 1838Joseph Leopold Rockel: Composer
• 1840John Conrad Nordqvist: Composer
• 1856Constantly Lievens: Flemish Missionary in India
• 1859Basil Harwood: Composer
• 1862Charles Evans Hughs: 11th Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1930-41)
• 1862William W Campbell: US astronomer / director Lick Observatory
• 1867John P Lotsy: Dutch Botanist / geneticist (Genetics)
• 1879Leendert Round: Dutch sculptor (entrance Rotterdam Zoo)
• 1881Harvey Bartlett Gaul: Composer
• 1883Leonard Mudie: England, United Kingdom -- Actor (Magnetic Monster, British Intelligence)

Died on Apr 11

• 0678Donus: Italian Pope (676-78)
• 1034Romanus III Argyrus: Byzantine Emperor (1028-34), assasinated by wife
• 1240Llywelyn ab Iorwerth the Great: Monarch of Wales (1194-1240)
• 1500Michael T Marullus: Greeks poet, drowns
• 1512Gaston de Foix: French pretender to Navarra throne, dies in battle
• 1648Matthaus Apelles von Lowenstern: Composer, dies at 53
• 1729Manuel de Egues: Composer, dies at 71
• 1783Nikita I Panin: Russian Earl / ambassador in Denmark, dies at 64
• 1810Jakob Zupan: Composer, dies at 75
• 1812Gottlieb Schick: German Painter (Opfer Noachs), dies at 35
• 1838Pieter L Uys: South African pioneer (Great Pull), murdered at 40
• 1839John Galt: Scottish writer (Last of the Lairds), dies at 59
• 1842John England: Bishop of Charleston Carolina
• 1853Louis Emmanuel Eadin: Composer
• 1854Karl Adolph von Basedow: German DR (Ziekte van Basedow), dies at 55
• 1875Heinrich Schwabe: Discoverer (11-year sunspot cycle)
• 1881Kristian Mandrup Elster: Norwegian Author (Torn Trondal), dies at 40
• 1901Ivar Christian Hallstrom: Composer, dies at 74
• 1902Potgieter: South African Boer General, dies in battle
• 1903Gemma Galgani: Italian saint, dies at 25
• 1906Georgi Apollonovitch Gapon: Rus-orthodox clergyman / tsarist agent
• 1906James A Bailey: Circus showman (Barnum & Bailey), dies at 58
• 1916Richard Harding Davis: Journalist, dies at 52
• 1921Augusta Victoria: Queen of Prussia / Wife of Emperor Wilhelm II
• 1936Mitya Stillman: Composer, dies at 44
• 1939SS Van Dine [William Huntingdon Wright]: Detective writer, dies at 50
• 1945Kamiel van Baelen: Flemish resistance fighter (in Dachau), dies at 29
• 1961Francis de Bourguignon: Composer, dies at 70
• 1969Ludvig Irgens Jensen: Composer, dies at 74
• 1973Ted Decorsia: Actor (Police Chief Hegedorn-Steve Canyon), dies at 69