Events on Apr 18
- 0310St. Eusebius begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0387Bishop Ambrosius of Milan baptizes Augustinus
- 1521Parliament of Worms: Cardinal Alexander questions Maarten Luther
- 1552Mauritius of Saksen occupies Linz
- 1599Valencia Archduke Albrecht of Austrian marries Isabella of Spain
- 1663Osman declares war on Austria
- 1676Sudbury, Mass attacked by Indians
- 1775Paul Revere and William Dawes warn "British are coming!"
- 1775Paul Revere rides from Charleston to Lexington
- 1797France and Austria signs cease fire
- 18091st run of 2,000 guineas horse race at Newmarket England
- 1834Charles Darwin sails to Rio Santa Cruz up Patagonia
- 1835William Lamb Lord Melbourne forms British Government
- 18531st train in Asia (Bombay to Tanna, 36 km)
- 1856Russian Republic Chancellor Earl von Nesselrode resigns
- 1861Battle of Harpers Ferry, Virginia
- 1861Colonel Robert E Lee turns down offer to command Union armies
- 1862Battle of Ft Jackson, Ft St. Philip and New Orleans, Louisiana
- 1864Battle of Poison Springs, AR (Camden Expedition)
- 1865Confederate General Johnson surrendered to General Sherman in North Carolina
- 1868San Francisco Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals formed
- 1879Trial of Standing Bear-Crook on indians citizen rights begins
- 1881Natural History Museum of South Kensington England opens
- 1890New York Commission of Emigration ends, closing Castle Clinton
- 1899John McGraw, at 36, managerial debut as Oriole manager
- 1902Denmark is 1st country to adopt fingerprinting to identify criminals
- 19068.25 earthquake shakes San Francisco, California
- 1906Calvinist Reformed Union in the Netherlands Church forms in Utrecht
- 1906San Francisco earthquake and fire kills nearly 4,000 and destroys 75% of city
- 1907Fairmont Hotel opens
Born on Apr 18
- 1480Lucretia Borgia: Murderess (poison) / daughter (Pope Alexander VI)
- 1521Francois de Coligny: Ruler of van Andelot, French General (Jarnac)
- 1580Thomas Middleton: English playwright (Game of Chess)
- 1590Ahmed I: 14th Sultan of Turkey (1603-17)
- 1605Giacomo Carissimi: Composer
- 1729Gaetano B Vestris: Italian / French ballet dancer
- 1732George Colman [the Elder]: Playwright (baptised)
- 1740Francis Baring: Banker / Merchant
- 1759Jacques-Christian-Michel Widerkehr: Composer
- 1764Bernhard Anselm Weber: Pianist / conductor / composer
- 1777Ignac Ruzitska: Composer
- 1786Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee: Composer
- 1797Louis-Adolphe Thiers: President of France
- 1803Charles F Pahud de Montagnes: Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies (1856-61)
- 1806Ludwig Schuberth: Composer
- 1817George Henry Lewes: English philosophical writer (Life of Goethe)
- 1839Frantz Jehin-Prume: Composer
- 1839Henry Clarence Kendall: NSW, Australia -- Poet (Bell Birds)
- 1842Antero Tarquinio de Quental: Portugal -- Poet (Beatrice)
- 1845Wilhelm Gericke: Composer
- 1852George Clausen: Painter
- 1855Abraham Bredius: Dutch art historian (Jan Steen)
- 1855Josef Gruber: Composer
- 1857Clarence S Darrow: Defense attorney at Scopes monkey trial
- 1859Eduard G H H Cuypers: Architect (Sanatorium High-Laren)
- 1864Richard Harding Davis: United States -- Journalist / author (In The Fig)
- 1868Didericus G van Epen: Genealogist (Dutch Patriciate)
- 1873Jean Roger-Ducasse: Composer
- 1881Hermann KJ Zilcher: German pianist / composer (Dr Eisenbart)
- 1881Max Weber: Polish / Russian / US painter
Died on Apr 18
- 1504Filippino Lippi: Painter, dies at about 52
- 1552John Leland: Antiquary
- 1556Luigi Alamanni: Italian Poet (Flora, Antigone), dies at 61
- 1567Wilhelm von Grumbach: German military man, dies at 63
- 1587John Foxe: Author (Book of Martyrs)
- 1610Robert Parsons: English Jesuit leader / plotter, dies at 63
- 1612Emanuel Van Meteren: Merchant / historian
- 1679Hofmannswaldau: Writer
- 1684Gonzales Cocx [Coques]: Painter
- 1689George Jeffreys: 1st Baron Jeffreys of Wem / infamous judge
- 1690Charles V Leopold: Duke of Lotharingen / Austrian Field Marshal
- 1800John Evangelist Schreiber: Composer, dies at 84
- 1800Pieter Fouquet: Art Merchant (Atlas of Fouquet)
- 1807Erasmus Darwin: Physician / writer (Influence)
- 1818Pieter PJQ Ondaatje: Ceylon / Dutch lawyer, dies at 59
- 1824Edward Jones: Composer, dies at 72
- 1830Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia: Composer, dies at 62
- 1845Nicholas T the Saussure: Swiss chemist / botany, dies at 77
- 1853William King: US VP, dies a month after his inauguration
- 1854Joseph Antoni Frantiszek Elsner: Composer, dies at 84
- 1855Jean-Baptiste Isabey: Painter
- 1861Heinrich August Neithardt: Composer, dies at 67
- 1871Omar Pasha [Michael Lats]: Croatian governor, dies at 64
- 1873Justus Freiherr von Liebig: German chemist, dies at 69
- 1879Anthony Pannizim: Principal librarian (British Museum)
- 1883Agnes Tyrrell: Composer, dies at 36
- 1898Gustave Moureau: Painter
- 1917Moritz F Freiherr von Bissing: Governor-General of Belg (1914-17), dies at 73
- 1921Earnest [Bachigaloupi] Tourniaire: Actor (Inkwartiering), dies at 70
- 1925Charles Ebbets: President (Dodgers)
Historical events on April 19
- 0607Comet 1P / 607 H1 (Halley) approaches within 0.0898 AUs of Earth
- 1451Alam Shah of Delhi resigns throne
- 1524Pope Clemens VII fires Netherlands Inquisitor-General French Van de Holly
- 15292nd Parliament of Spiers bans Lutheranism
- 1539Charles, protestant German monarch, signs Treaty of Frankrfurt
- 1552Mauritius of Saksen captures Karel
- 1587Sir Frances Drake sails into Cadiz Spain and sinks Spanish fleet
- 1591Chartres surrenders to King Henri IV in France
- 1619Theatrum Anatomicum opens in Amsterdam
- 1713Emperor Karel VI ends Pragmatic Sanctions
- 1770Amsterdam buys Van Aerssens family 1 / 3 part of Suriname
- 1770Captain James Cook 1st sees Australia
- 1774CW Glucks opera "Iphigenia in Aulis, " premieres in Paris
- 1775Minutemen Captain John Parker orders not to fire unless fired upon
- 1775Revolution begins-Lexington Common, shot "heard round the world"
- 1782Netherlands recognizes US
- 182533 patriotic exiles return to Uruguay
- 1837Cheyney University forms as the Institute for Colored Youth
- 1839Treaty of London constitutes Belgium an independent kingdom and Luxembourg a Grand Duchy
- 1852California Historical Society forms
- 1853Netherlands Van Hall government forms
- 1861Baltimore riots-4 soldiers, 9 civilians killed
- 1861Lincoln orders blockade of Confederate ports (Civil War)
- 1863Union troops / fleet occupy For Huger, Virginia
- 1864Naval Engagement at Cherbourg, FR: USS Kearsage vs. CSS Alabama
- 1874Barracks on Alcatraz Island destroyed in fire
- 1877Opera "Les Cloches de Cornerville" is produced (Paris)
- 1890Henry Morton Stanley inaugurated in Brussels
- 1892Charles Duryea takes 1st American-made auto out for a spin (Mass)
- 18971st American marathon ran, John J McDermott wins in 2:55:10 (Boston)
Born on April 19
- 1320Pedro I: King of Portugal (1357-67)
- 1605Orazio Benevoli: Composer
- 1660Sebastian Duron: Composer
- 1700Georg Abraham Schneider: Composer
- 1715James Nares: Composer
- 1721Roger Sherman: Signer (Declaration of Independence, Constitution)
- 1728Francisco Albergati Capacelli: Italian playwright
- 1737Geert Reinders: Dutch cattle breeder / inoculation propagandist
- 1768Adrian H Haworth: English entomologist / Botanist
- 1771Giuseppe Cartufo: Composer
- 1772David Ricardo: Economist
- 1785Alexandre Pierre Francois Boely: Composer
- 1795Christian Gottfried Ehrenburg: German zoologist
- 1798Franz Joseph Glaser: Composer
- 1798Heinrich Maria von Hess: Historical painter
- 1801Gustav T Fechner [Dr Mises]: German philosopher / physicist
- 1817John Philip: Painter
- 1821Mortimer Dormer Leggett: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1896
- 1830Rudolf Cornely: German bible expert / Jesuit
- 1832Jose Echegaray y Eizaguirre: Mathematician / dramatist (Nobel 1904)
- 1832Lucretia Rudolph Garfield: 1st lady (1881)
- 1840Andrea Bezzola: Writer
- 1850Edward John Gregory: Painter / engraver
- 1850Theo Mann-Bouwmeester: Dutch actress (Pink Bernd, Hedda Gabler)
- 1857Lucien Levy-Bruhl: Philosopher
- 1858May Robson [Mary J Robison]: Melbourne, Victoria -- Actress (Apple Annie)
- 1858Siegfried Ochs: Composer
- 1861Warden Oncle [Edward Vermeulen]: Flemish farmer / writer
- 1866Henri WA Deterding: Dutch oil magnate (Royal Oil, Shell)
- 1868Max Von Schillings: German composer / conductor (Der Pfeifertag)
Died on April 19
- 0843Judith: French empress / 2nd Wife of Louis de Vrome
- 1044Gothelo: Duke of Neth-Lotharingen
- 1054Leo IX [Bruno von Egesheim und Dagsburg]: Pope (1049-54), dies at 51
- 1390Robert II: King of Scotland
- 1529John Cuspinianus [Spiessheimer]: German physician, dies at about 55
- 1560Philipp Melanchton (Schwazerd): Church reformer, dies at 63
- 1567Michael Stifel: German Theologist / mathematician, dies at about 79
- 1588Paolo Veronese (Cagliari): Painter
- 1608Earl of Dorset: Poet / statesman
- 1645Anton van Diemen: Governor-General (Netherlands East Indies), dies at about 51
- 1689Christina: Queen of Sweden (1644-54)
- 1706Galenus Abrahamsz de Haen: Dutch baptist leader
- 1739Nicholas Saunderson: Mathematician
- 1768Filippo della Valle: Italian sculptor, dies at about 70
- 1770Esprit Joseph Antoine Blanchard: Composer, dies at 74
- 1772Johann Peter Kellner: Composer, dies at 66
- 1773Florian Johann Deller: Composer, dies at 43
- 1776Jacob Israel Emden [Jacob ben Tswi]: German rabbi, dies at 78
- 1799Pieter Hellendaal: Violinist / Organist / Composer (Glees), dies at 78
- 1813Benjamin Rush: Physician / abolotionist (signed Declaration of Independence), dies at 67
- 1824George Gorden Noel "Lord" Byron: Poet, dies at 36
- 1852Vasili A Zjukovski: Russian folk Poet / translator (Homerus), dies at 69
- 1862Louis Powell Harvey: US Governor of Wisconsin, drowns
- 1862Simon Fraser: Canadian explorer
- 1870Andreas Schelfhout: Painter / etcher / lithographer, dies at 83
- 1870Camille Marie Stamaty: Composer, dies at 59
- 1870William Henry Havergal: Composer, dies at 77
- 1874Owen Jones: Architect
- 1876Samuel Sebastian Wesley: Composer, dies at 65
- 1881Benjamin Disraeli: 1st Earl (Beaconsfield) / Novelist
Events on Apr 20
- 0850Guntherus becomes Bishop of Cologne
- 11392nd Lateran Council (10th ecumenical council) opens in Rome
- 1505Jews are expelled from Orange Burgandy by Philibert of Luxembourg
- 1551John Dudley becomes English Earl Marshal
- 1650VOC-management sets new guidelines
- 1653Cromwell routes English parliament to house
- 1657Battle in Santa Cruz Bay, Tenerife: English fleet under Robert Blake sinks Spanish silver fleet
- 1702Comet C / 1702 H1 approaches within 0.0437 AUs of Earth
- 1770Captain Cook arrives in New South Wales
- 1775British begin siege of Boston
- 1777New York adopts new constitution as an independent state
- 1792France declares war on Austria, Prussia and Sardinia
- 1799Napoleon issues a decree calling for establishing Jerusalem for Jews
- 1809Napoleon I defeats Austria at Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria
- 1836Territory of Wisconsin created
- 1853Harriet Tubman starts Underground Railroad
- 1861Battle of Norfolk, Virginia
- 1861Colonel Robert E Lee resigns from Union army
- 18713rd Enforcement Act (President can suspend writ of habeas corpus)
- 1872San Francisco Bar Association organized
- 18791st mobile home (horse drawn) used in a journey from London and Cyprus
- 1884Pope Leo XIII encyclical "On Freemasonry"
- 1888246 reported killed by hail in Moradabad, India
- 1894136,000 mine workers strike in Ohio for pay increase
- 1898US Assay Office in Deadwood, South Dakota opens
- 1902Marie and Pierre Curie isolate radioactive element radium
- 19037th Boston Marathon won by John Lorden of Mass in 2:41:29.8
- 1903New York Highlanders play their 1st game, with Jack Chesbro losing 3-1 to Al Orth and Washington
- 1904Louisiana Purchase Exposition opens in St. Louis
- 190812th Boston Marathon won by Tom Morrissey of New York in 2:25:43.2
Born on Apr 20
- 1494John Agricola [Schneider]: German theologist / Prime Minister
- 1592John Eliot: St. Germans, Cornwall -- English MP / author
- 1594Matthaus Apelles von Lowenstern: Composer
- 1705Balthasar Schmid: Composer
- 1725Johann Friedrich Kloffler: Composer
- 1726Jozef de Ferraris: French / Austrian Earl / General / cartographer
- 1745Philippe Pinel: Physician (founder of psychiatry)
- 1748Georg Michael Telemann: Composer
- 1748Guillaume Albert Teniers: Composer
- 1761Johann Gottlieb Karl Spazier: Composer
- 1808Louis-Napoleon [Napoleon III]: Emperor of France (1852-71)
- 1809John Smith Preston: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1881
- 1824Alfred Holt Colquitt: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1894
- 1826Dina M Craik: Writer
- 1827John Gibbon: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1896
- 1839Carol I: King of Romania (1881-1914)
- 1850Daniel Chester: French / American sculptor (Minute Man)
- 1857Charles LP "Philip" Zilcken: Painter / author (HW Knife Day)
- 1857Hermann Bang: Writer
- 1858Auguste Chapuis: Composer
- 1860Charles Gordon Curtis: US attorney / inventor (Curtis Turbine)
- 1860Pieter Jelles Troelstra: Dutch MP (SDAP)
- 1866Victor Hollaender: Composer
- 1870Simeon Roncal: Composer
- 1871William Henry Davies: Wales, United Kingdom -- Poet (Autobiography of a Super Tramp)
- 1876Gerard J Arbous: Actor / publicist (Prince William of Orange)
- 1879Robert Lynd: Irish writer / critic (Pleasures of Ignorance)
- 1881Nikolai Miaskovsky: Novogeorievsk, Poland -- Composer (Kirov is With Us)
- 1881Sem Dresden: Composer / conductor
- 1893Harold Lloyd: Burchard, Nebraska -- Silent comic (Why Worry, Safety Last)
Died on Apr 20
- 1164Victor IV [Ottaviano Montecello]: Italian antipope (1159-64)
- 1314Clement V [Bertrand Got]: Pope (1305-14) move papacy to Avignon
- 1317Agnes van Montepulciano: Italian mystic / saint
- 1534Elizabeth Barton [St Magd van Kent]: British prophet
- 1632Nicolas Antione: Converted to Judiasm, burned at the stake
- 1643Christoph Demantius: Composer, dies at 75
- 1662Gerard Terborch [the Elder]: Painter
- 1695Georg Caspar Weckler: Composer, dies at 63
- 1768Giovanni AC Canaletto: Italian Painter / cartoonist (Rialto), dies at 70
- 1769Pontiac: Indian chief to Ottawa, murdered
- 1786John Goodricke: English deaf and dumb astronomer, dies at 21
- 1812George Clinton: 4th US VP, dies at 73, 1st VP to die in office
- 1820Arthur Young: Author (Annals of Agriculture)
- 1821Franz K Achard: German physicist / chemist, dies at 67
- 1836Johan I Jozef: Monarch of Liechtenstein / Field Marshal, dies at 75
- 1839Giuseppe Rossini: Father of Italian Composer Gioacchino Rossini
- 1869Johann Carl Gottfried Loewe: Composer, dies at 72
- 1869Piotr Studzinski: Composer, dies at 42
- 1872Ljudwit Gaj: Croatian writer / Poet (Pjesma iz Zagorja), dies at 62
- 1900Mebel Mercer: Popular British singer
- 1906Australian wombat; oldest known marsupial: Dies in London Zoo at 26
- 1908Henry Chadwick: Sports reporter (baseball), dies at 85
- 1912Bram Stoker: Irish theater manager / writer (Dracula)
- 1932Giuseppe Peano: Mathematician
- 1935Juliaan de Vriendt: Flemish painter, dies at 92
- 1941Barend ter Haar: Dutch lawyer, dies in Buchenwald at 49
- 1947Christian X: King of Denmark (1912-47), dies at 76
- 1953Erich Weinert: Writer, dies at 62
- 1956Jaap Vranken: Organist / Composer (Stabat mater)
- 1956Lieven Duvosel: Flemish music Composer (Levensschets), dies at 78