Events on Apr 23

• 1014King Brian Boru of Ireland beats Danes at Battle of Clontarf
• 1154Damascus surrenders to Sultan Nur ad-Din van Aleppo
• 13481st English order of knighthood founded (Order of Garter)
• 1500Pedro Cabral lands and annexes Brazil (Terra da Vera Cruz)
• 1501Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral and 6 ships return to Lisbon
• 1504King Maximilian I routes troops to Bavaria
• 1616Netherlands buys De Briel / Vlissingen / Fort Rammekens from England
• 1633Sweden and Protestant German monarchy form Union of Heilbronn
• 1661English King Charles II crowned in London
• 1662Connecticut chartered as an English colony
• 1723Cornelis Steenoven elected Archbishop of Utrecht
• 1789President-elect George Washington moves into Franklin House, New York
• 1795William Hastings acquitted in England of high treason
• 1798Dutch Emperor accepts new Constitution
• 1826Missolonghi captured by Turks
• 1838English steamship "Great Western" crossing Atlantic docks in New York City
• 1851Canada issues its 1st postage stamps
• 1860Democratic Convention in Charleston SC divided over slavery
• 1861Arkansas troops seize Ft Smith
• 1861Battle of San Antonio, Texas
• 1867Queen Victoria and Napoleon III turn down plans for a channel tunnel
• 1871Blossom Rock in SF Bay blown up
• 18781st Dutch test drive of steam tram
• 1883John Heemskerk Azn forms Dutch government
• 1891Jews are expelled from Moscow Russia
• 1896Vitascope system of movie projection 1st demonstrated (NYC)
• 19001st know occurrence of word "hillbillie" (NY Journal)
• 1903New York Highlanders (Yankees) win their 1st game beating Washingston Senators 7-2
• 1904American Academy of Arts and Letters forms
• 1908Denmark, Germany, Engld, France, Netherlands and Sweden signs North Sea accord

Born on Apr 23

• 1464Johanna van Valois: Queen of France
• 1464Robert Fayrfax: Composer
• 1500Alexander Alesius [Aless / Alane]: System theologist / Physician
• 1598Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp: Naval commander
• 1623Jan Adam Reincken: Composer
• 1629John Commelin: Director (Hortus Botanicus, Amsterdam)
• 1649Andreas Kneller: Composer
• 1697George Baron Anson: British Admiral / explorer
• 1708Friedrich von Hagedorn: German poet (Versuch einiger Poem)
• 1715Johann Friedrich Doles: Composer
• 1728Samuel Wallis: Explorer (Wallis Island)
• 1735Ildephons Haas: Composer
• 1747Alexandre-Auguste Robineau: Composer
• 1756Alexander Reinagle: Composer
• 1775Joseph Mallord Turner: England, United Kingdom -- Landscape painter (Shipwreck)
• 1791James Buchanan: Cove Gap, Pennsylvania -- (Fed / Dem), 15th US President (1857-61)
• 1791W Friedrich Olivier: German landscape painter / cartoonist
• 1804Guillaume Nerenburger: Belgian General (Triangulatie of Belgium)
• 1809Eugene-Prosper Prevost: Composer
• 1810Thomas Wright: Historian
• 1812Louis-Antoine Julien: Conductor
• 1813Stephen Arnold Douglas [Little giant]: US senator (Lincoln debates)
• 1818James Anthony Froude: Historian
• 1818John Gill Shorter: Gov (Confederacy), died in 1872
• 1821Pierre Dupont: Song writer
• 1827Johann F Ritter von Schulte: German Catholic lawyer
• 1828Albert FA: King of Saxon (1873-1902)
• 1838Alfred J Verwee: Flemish painter
• 1852Edwin Markham: United States -- Poet (1st winner of the American Academy of poets Award 1937)
• 1861Edmund Henry Hynman: 1st viscount Allenby of Megiddo / Field Marshal

Died on Apr 23

• 0034Christ: Crucified, according to Isaac Newton
• 0303George: Knight / Saint / Patron of England, beheaded
• 0871Ethelred I: King of Wessex / Brother of Alfred the Great
• 0990Ekkehart II [Palatinus]: Monk to St-Gallen / poet
• 0997Vojtech "Adalbert" of Prague: 2nd Bishop of Prague / apostle, dies at 40
• 1014Brian Boru: King of Ireland, dies in battle at 87
• 1014Sweyn Forkbeard: Viking King of England (1013-14)
• 1016Aethelbred II "the Unready": King of England (979-1016)
• 1416Blaise / Blasius of Parma: Ital astrologist / philosopher / algebra
• 1616Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: Spanish writer (Don Quixote), dies at 69
• 1616William Shakesphere: Engl Author (Hamlet), dies on his 52nd birthday
• 1625Maurice of Nassau: Prince of Orange, dies at 57
• 1670Loreto Vittori: Composer, dies at 69
• 1695Henry Vaughan: Poet (Silex Scintillans), dies at 72
• 1728Tomas de Torrejon y Velasco: Composer, dies at 83
• 1732Cajetan Kolberer: Composer, dies at 63
• 1740Thomas Tickell: Poet
• 1742Mihael Omerza: Composer, dies at 62
• 1762Johann Samuel Endler: Composer, dies at 67
• 1774Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich: Painter
• 1786Alexander Cozens: English water colors painter, dies at about 68
• 1812Franz Sebastian Haindl: Composer, dies at 85
• 1827Johanna C Wattier-Ziesenis: Actress (Phaedra / Lady MacBeth), dies at 65
• 1847Erik Gustaf Geijer: Composer, dies at 64
• 1850William Wordsworth: Poet, dies at 80
• 1853Auguste Laurent: Chemist
• 1865James Dearing: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 24
• 1878Friedrich Preller: Landscape painter
• 1880Guess Saleh [Sarief Bastaman]: Javanese painter
• 1885William Henry Holmes: Composer, dies at 73

Historical events on April 24

• 0858Nicolaas I succeeds Benedict III as pope
• 1288Jews of Yroyes France are accused of ritual murder
• 1311Gen Malik Kafur returns to Delhi after campaign in South India
• 1364Pope Urbabus V names John V van Virneburg as Bishop of Utrecht
• 1524Duke of Bourbon drives Admiral Bonnivet out of Milan
• 1558Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland marries French crown Prince Francois
• 1570Battles between Spanish troops and followers of Sultan Suleiman
• 1596Pacificatie of Ireland drawn
• 1704"Boston News-Letter, " 1st successful newspaper in US, forms
• 1792"La Marseillaise" composed by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle
• 1800Library of Congress establishes with $5,000 allocation
• 1833Jacob Evert and George Dulty patent soda fountain
• 1833Patent granted for 1st soda fountain
• 1865Fire alarm and police telegraph system put into operation (San Francisco)
• 1867Black demonstrators stage ride-ins on Richmond Va streetcars
• 1871Opera "Aida" is produced (Cairo)
• 1872Volcano Vesuvius erupts
• 1877Last federal occupying troops withdraw from south (New Orleans)
• 1877Russia declares war on Turkey through Romania
• 1884National Medical Association of Black physicians organizes (Atlanta)
• 1888Eastman Kodak forms
• 1891Start of Sherlock Holmes adventure "Final Problem"
• 1894French cyclist Henri Desgrange rides 100km in world record 2:39:18
• 1894Phillies Lave Cross hits for cycle vs. Brooklyn Dodgers
• 1895Joshua Slocum completes around-the-world voyage in 11-m boat
• 18971st reporter, William Price (Washington Star), assigned to White House
• 1898Spain declares war on US rejecting ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba
• 1898US fleet under commodore Dewey sails from Hong Kong to Philippines
• 1899Transvaal British Uitlanders ask Queen Victoria for aid
• 1900Passing of Andrew Halliday, cable car pioneer

Born on April 24

• 1538Gugliemo Gonzaga: Composer
• 1594Benedikt Lechler: Composer
• 1620John Graunt: Statistician, founder of science of demography
• 1660Cornelis Dusart: Dutch painter / engraver
• 1670Christian Ludwig Boxberg: Composer
• 1706Giovanni Battista Martini: Composer
• 1721Johann Philipp Kirnberger: German composer, baptised
• 1742Roman Hoffstetter: Composer
• 1743Edmund Cartwright: England, United Kingdom -- Cleric, inventor (power loom)
• 1750Simon-Antoine-Jean Lhuillier: Switzerland -- Mathematician
• 1773Harman W Muntinghe: Lawyer / Dutch colonial director
• 1791Nikolaj A Bestuzhev: Russia -- Writer / painter (Account about Holland)
• 1796K L Immermann: Writer
• 1804Thomas Oliver Selfridge: Comm (Union Navy)
• 1807Charles Ferguson Smith: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1862
• 1814Angela Burdett-Coutts: Philanthropist extrordinaire
• 1815Anthony Trollope: England, United Kingdom -- Novelist / poet (Barchester Towers)
• 1815James Edward Harrison: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1875
• 1822Erastus Barnard Tyler: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1824Fournier: Swiss / French postage stamp forger
• 1828Robert Brank Vance: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899
• 1829George Peabody Estey: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1881
• 1836Jeltje de Bosch Kemper: Dutch feminist
• 1837Friedrich von Holstein: German diplomat (die graue Eminenz)
• 1845Carl Spitteler: Switzerland -- Poet (Prometheus & Epimetheus; Nobel 1919)
• 1864George AA Alting van Geusau: Director-General (PTT) / Dutch Minister of War (1918-20)
• 1867Fannie Thomas: Became oldest known American (113 y 273 d at death)
• 1874John Russell Pope: United States -- Architect (Jefferson Memorial)
• 1874Willem E Roelofs: Dutch painter / cartoonist
• 1875Jeno Huszka: Composer

Died on April 24

• 0709Wilfried: Bishop of York, dies at about 76
• 0729Egbert[us]: English Bishop / saint, dies in Iona at 89
• 1077Geza I: King of Hungary (1074-7)
• 1185Antoku Taira: Emperor of Japan (1180-85), drowns
• 1530Jacopo Sannazaro: Italian Poet (De partu Virginis)
• 1617Carlo Concino: French Marquis of Ancre / state advisor, murdered
• 1731Daniel Defoe: English Novelist (Robinson Crusoe)
• 1758Florian Wrastill: Composer, dies at 41
• 1776Carolus van de Abeele: Flemish Jesuit, dies at 84
• 1776Giuseppi Paolucci: Composer, dies at 49
• 1824Herman Muntinghe: Theologist (History of Mankind), dies at 71
• 1827Pierre Joseph Candielle: Composer, dies at 82
• 1850Louis Alexandre Piccinni: Composer, dies at 70
• 1855Walenty Karol Kratzer: Composer, dies at 75
• 1875Jose Maria de la Purificacion Ventura: Composer, dies at 58
• 1891Count Helmuth K B von Moltke: Prussian General / Field Marshal
• 1900George J D Campbell: British Minister of Indies (1868-74, 80-85), dies at 76
• 1904Friedrich Siemens: German industrial, dies at 77
• 1917Oskar Blumenthal: Writer
• 1922Richard Batka: Composer, dies at 53
• 1928Ferdinand B Hummel: Composer, dies at 72
• 1935Paul Klengel: Composer, dies at 80
• 1936Alphons Diepenbrock: Composer, dies at 73
• 1936Bernard van Dieren: Composer, dies at 51
• 1939John Foulds: Composer, dies at 58
• 1943Gerardus H de Hare: Socialist vicar, dies at 63
• 1945Anton de Kom: Suriname resistance fighter, dies at 47
• 1945Hubert Bath: Composer, dies at 61
• 1948Joseph Wihtol: Composer, dies at 84
• 1948Manuel Marua Ponce: Mexican Composer (Ferial), dies at 65

Events on Apr 25

• 1185Sea battle at Dan-no-ura: Minamoto Yoritomo beats Taira-family
• 1449Anti-pope Felix V resigns
• 1507Geographer Martin Waldseemuller 1st used name America
• 1607Battle at Gibraltar: Dutch fleet beats Spanish / Portuguese fleet
• 1614Amsterdam Bank of Loan forms
• 1626Battle at the Dessauer bridge: Monarch Albrecht von Wallenstein beats Earl of Mansfeld
• 1660London Convention Parliament begins
• 1660Parliament meets and votes to restore Charles II
• 1678French troops conquer Ypres
• 1684Patent granted for thimble
• 1707Battle of Almansa-Franco-Spanish forces defeat Anglo-Portuguese
• 1719Daniel Defoes publishes "Robinson Crusoe"
• 1747Prince Willem V appointed Viceroy of Zealand
• 1792Guillotine 1st used, executes highwayman Nicolas J Pelletier
• 1850Paul Julius Reuter, use 40 pigeons to carry stock market prices
• 1859Ground broken for Suez Canal
• 18617th New York arrives to reinforce Washington, DC
• 1861Battle of Lavaca, Texas
• 1862Battle of New Orleans LA - US Admiral Farragut occupies New Orleans
• 1867Tokyo opens for foreign trade
• 1875Latest date for measurable snow in NYC (3")
• 1876Chicago Cubs 1st NL game, beats Louisville 4-0 (1st NL shutout)
• 1881250,000 Germans petition to bar foreign Jews from entering Germany
• 1881French troops occupy Algeria and Tunisia
• 1886Sigmund Freud opens practice at Rathausstrasse 7, Vienna
• 1891President Benjamin Harrison visits San Francisco
• 1896Fight in Central Dance Hall starts fire (Cripple Creek Colorado)
• 1896Sidney Jones and Harry Greenbacks musical premieres in London
• 1898US declares war on Spain over Cuba
• 1901In last of 9th, Detroit Tigers, trailing by 13-4, score 10 runs to win one of greatest comebacks in baseball (1st game in Detroit)

Born on Apr 25

• 1214Louis IX: King of France (1226-70)
• 1228Koenraad IV: Roman Catholic German King (1237-54)
• 1284Edward II: King of England (1307-27)
• 1567Aurelio Signoretti: Composer
• 1599Oliver Cromwell: Puritan lord protector of England (1653-58)
• 1614Hieronymus van Beverningk: Chief Dutch treasurer / maecenas
• 1666Johann Heinrich Buttstett: Composer
• 1677Guillaume Coustou, Sr.: French sculptor (Chevaux the Marly)
• 1690Gottlieb Theophil Muffat: Composer
• 1710James Ferguson: Astronomer
• 1723Giovanni Marco Rutini: Composer
• 1730Fedele Fenaroli: Composer
• 1769Mark Isambard Brunel: Engineer / inventor
• 1792John Keble: Anglican priest / founder (Oxford Movement)
• 1818Marek Konrad Sokolowski: Composer
• 1824Gustave-Rodolphe-Clarence Boulanger: Painter
• 1825Charles Ferdinand Dowd: United States -- Standardized time zones
• 1837William Charles Levey: Composer
• 1840James Dearing: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1865
• 1841Pauline Lucca: Soprano
• 1842Antonio Fogazzarro: Italian writer / poet (Il santo / Leila)
• 1849Felix Klein: German mathematician (Evanston Colloquium)
• 1862Edward Grey: English Viscount of Fallodon / Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1867Jean Demoor: Belgian Physician / physiologist
• 1869Karl Prohaska: Composer
• 1871Sara Amsel: Indonesian / Dutch actress
• 1876Ruben Marcos Campos: Composer
• 1881Hans Windisch: German new testament expert
• 1883Elsa Maxwell: Keokuk, Iowa -- Writer (Jack Paar Show)
• 1895Stanley Rous: British soccer official

Died on Apr 25

• 0974Ratherius of Verona / Liege: Bishop / abbot, dies at about 84
• 1342Benedict XII [Jacques Fournier]: Pope (1334-42)
• 1472Leon Battista degli Alberti: Scupltor / musician (Dinner Pieces)
• 1482Margaret of Anjou: Queen (Henry VI)
• 1566Diane de Poitiers: Lover of French King Henry II
• 1595Torquato Tasso: Italian Poet / playwright, dies at 51
• 1607Don Juan Alvarez: Spanish Admiral (Gibraltar), dies in battle
• 1607Jacob van Heemskerck: Dutch Admiral (Nova Zambia), dies in battle
• 1635Alessandro Tassoni: Ital political writer (Rape of Bucket), dies at 69
• 1647Matthias Gallas: Austrian Earl of Campo / Duke of Lucerna, dies at 62
• 1663Heinrich Pape: Composer, dies at 53
• 1690David Teniers the Younger: Flemish Painter (Pictorium), dies at 79
• 1728John Woodward: Geologist / physician
• 1744Anders Celsius: Swed astronomer (Centegrade Thermometer), dies at 42
• 1792Johann Friedrich Gottlieb Beckmann: Composer, dies at 54
• 1792Nicolas J Pelletier: Frenchman, 1st guillotined
• 1800William Cowper: English lawyer / Poet (Olney Hymns), dies at 68
• 1808Alois Luigi Tomasini: Composer, dies at 66
• 1822Frederick "William" Herschel: German / British astronomer, dies at 83
• 1828John Goldberg: Dutch patriot / statesman, dies at 64
• 1845Thomas Duncan: Painter
• 1853William Beaumont: Physiologist
• 1862Charles Ferguson Smith: US Union General Major, dies of infection at 55
• 1873Walter de la Mare: Engl Poet / Author (Behold the Dreamer), dies at 43
• 1905Jacob Olie: Dutch photographer, dies at about 70
• 1906John Knowles Paine: US composer, dies at 67
• 1925George Stephanescu: Composer, dies at 81
• 1926Ellen K S Key: Swed Author / feminist (Century of the Child), dies at 76
• 1928Pjotr N Wrangel: Russian Baron General, dies at 49
• 1937Clem Sohn: Air show performer dies at 26 when his chute fails to open