Events on Jul 12
- 0526St. Felix IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1191Richard Coeur de Lion and Crusaders defeat Saracens in Palestine
- 1290Jews are expelled from England by order of King Edward I
- 1542French troops under Maarten van Rossem occupies Flanders
- 1549English boer army occupies Norwich
- 1575Willem van Orange marries Charlotte de Bourbon
- 1690Battle of Boyne-King William III defeats Catholic King James II
- 1691Antonio Pignatelli elected as Pope Innocentius XII
- 1691Battle of Aughrim (Aghrim) England, William III beats James II
- 1700Gelderland accepts Gregorian calendar; yesterday is June 30, 1700
- 1704Stanislaw Leszcynski becomes King of part of Poland
- 1730Lorenzo Corsini chosen as Pope Clemens XII
- 1771James Cook sails Endeavour back to Downs England
- 1774Citizens of Carlisle Penn, pass a declaration of independence
- 1774Cossack leader Emilian Pugachevs army occupies Kazan
- 1776Captain Cook departs with Resolution for 3rd trip to Pacific Ocean
- 17851st manned flight by gas balloon in the Netherlands
- 1801Battle at Algeciras: British fleet beats French and Spanish
- 1812US forces led by General Hull invade Canada (War of 1812)
- 18171st flower show held (Dannybrook, County Cork, Ireland)
- 1817Karl Drais von Sauerbronn demonstrates bicycle course
- 1843Mormon leader Joseph Smith say God OKs polygamy
- 1850Dutch 2nd Chamber accepts establishment of Provincial States
- 1859Paper bag manufacturing machine patents by William Goodale, Massachusetts
- 1862Congress authorizes Medal of Honor
- 1862Federal troops occupy Helena, Arkansas
- 1874Ontario Agricultural College founded
- 1874Start of Sherlock Holmes Adventure, "Gloria Scott" (BG)
- 1878Fever epidemic in New Orleans begin, it will kill 4,500
- 18821st ocean pier in US completed, Washington, DC
Born on Jul 12
- 1730Josiah Wedgwood: England, United Kingdom -- Pottery designer / manufacturer (Wedgwood)
- 1757Christian Danner: Composer
- 1794Heinrich Christian Pander: Russian zoologist
- 1801John Hill Hewitt: Composer
- 1802Charles-Louis Hanssens: Composer
- 1807Silas Casey: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1882
- 1817Henry David Thoreau: Concord, Massachusetts -- Naturalist / pacifist (Walden Pond)
- 1821Cesare Dominiceti: Composer
- 1821Daniel Harvey Hill: Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), died in 1889
- 1840Abraham Goldfaden: Eastern European Yiddish dramatist
- 1849William Osler: Canada -- Physician / author (circulatory system)
- 1854George Eastman: Waterville, New York -- Inventor (Kodak camera)
- 1868Stefan George: Germany -- Lyric poet (Algabal)
- 1884Amedeo Modigliani: Italy -- Painter / sculptor (Reclining Nude)
- 1884Joseph Crehan: Baltimore, Maryland -- Actor (Charlie Chan-Meeting at Midnight)
- 1885George Sainton Kaye Butterworth: Composer
- 1886Jean Hersholt: Copenhagen, Denmark -- Actor (Men in White, Aryan)
- 1888Tojohiko Kagawa: Japan -- Christian-social Reformer (Grain of Wheat)
- 1895Kirsten Flagstead: Norwegian soprano (Wagner)
- 1895Oscar Hammerstein II: NYC, New York -- Lyricist who worked with Richard Rodgers
- 1895R Buckminster Fuller: Architect / inventor (geodesic dome)
- 1900Fjodor Godunov-Tcherdynchev: Russian poet (Life of Tchernyshevsky)
- 1901Robert Allenby: Melbourne, Victoria -- Golfer
- 1904Pablo Neruda: Chile -- Poet (Residence on Earth-Nobel 1971)
- 1905John C F: Son of English King George V
- 1908Alain Cuny: Actor (Detective, Weite Land, Emmanuelle)
- 1908Ernest Burnelle: Belgian politician
- 1908Johan Franco: Composer
- 19092nd viscount Camrose: British Conserv Lower house leader (1941-45)
- 1909Souphanouvong [Red Prince]: President of Laos (1975-87)
Died on Jul 12
- 0783Bertha "with the great feet": Wife of French King Pippin III
- 1073Johannes Gualbertus: Italian Monk / saint
- 1429John [Jean C] Gerson: French Theologist (Theologica mystic), dies at 65
- 1450Jack Cade: Slain in a revolt against British King Henry VI
- 1536Desiderius Erasmus: Humanist / priest (Novum instrumentum omne)
- 1545Maria Manuela van Portugal: Niece of Spanish King Philip II
- 1633Simon Besler: Composer, dies at 49
- 1640Henry Casimir I: Count of Nassau-Dietz
- 1712Richard Cromwell: English Lord Protector (1658-59), dies at 85
- 1773Johann Joachim Quantz: German royal flautist / composer, dies at 76
- 1804Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury, dies in pistol duel
- 1839Christian Traugott Tag: Composer, dies at 62
- 1844Charles-Louis Panckoucke: French publisher, dies at 63
- 1882Alfred Humphreys Pease: Composer, dies at 44
- 1883Hermann Zopff: Composer, dies at 57
- 1897Felix Godefroid: Composer, dies at 78
- 1898Paul Voulet: French captain / mass murderer in Senegal
- 1899Esquire Mauritius A de Savornin Lohman: Gov of Suriname, dies at 67
- 1902Pieter Caland: Dutch hydraulic engineer (New Waterway), dies at 74
- 1906Henrique Alves de Mesquita: Composer, dies at 70
- 1916Aritius S Talma: Dutch Minister of Agriculture, dies at 52
- 1917Fournier: Swiss / French postage stamp Merchant / forger
- 1926Charles Wood: Composer, dies at 40
- 1929Robert Henri: US Painter (The Eight), dies at 63
- 1933Willem H Drucker: Lawyer, dies at 45
- 1953Joseph Jongen: Belgian composer, dies at 79
- 1953Marie-Alphonse-Nicolas-Joseph Jongen: Composer, dies at 79
- 1956Maurice Lippens: Belgian Governor of Congo (1921-23), dies at 80
- 1966D T Suzuki: Zen Buddhism scholar, dies at 96 in Tokyo, Japan
- 1976Ted Mack: TV host (Original Amateur Hour), dies at 72
Historical events on July 13
- 0574John III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1174Scottish King William captured
- 1522Hunger appeal by women of Utrecht
- 1573Haarlem surrenders after 7 months to Spanish army
- 1643Battle at Roundway Down: Royalists beat parliamentary armies
- 1645Aleksei Romanov succeeds his father Michael as Czar of Russia
- 1657Oliver Cromwell constrains English army leader John Lambert
- 1700Russian-Turkish peace
- 1772Captain James Cook begins 2nd trip (Resolution) to South Seas
- 1787Congress establishes Northwest Territory (excludes slavery)
- 1787Ord of 1787-a territory can become 3 to 5 states at 60,000 pop
- 1832Source of Mississippi River discovered (Henry R Schoolcraft)
- 1836US patent #1 (after 9,957 unnumbered patents), for locomotive wheels
- 1837Queen Victoria is 1st monarch to live in present Buckingham Palace
- 1851John F Loudon discovers tin on East Indian Island of Billiton
- 1854US forces shell and burn San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua
- 1863Anti-draft mobs lynch blacks in NYC; about 1,000 die
- 1863Battle of Bayou La Fourche, Louisiana
- 1864Early retreats from Washington City back to Shenandoah Valley
- 1865Horace Greeley advises his readers to "Go west young man"
- 1868Oscar J Dunn, former slave, installed as lt Governor of Louisiana
- 187629th Postmaster General: James N Tyner of Ind takes office
- 1878Congress of Berlin discusses division of African colonization ends
- 1878Treaty of Berlin amended terms of Treaty of San Stefano
- 1882200 die as train derails near Tcherny, Russia
- 1896Ed Delahanty, becomes 2nd major leaguer to hit 4 HRs in a game
- 1898Guglielmo Marconi patents radio
- 1898San Francisco Ferry Building at foot of Market St. opens
- 1900Phillies beat Pittsburgh 23-8
- 1919Chicago White Sox pitcher Carl Mays walks off mound blaming teammates for lack of support afield
Born on July 13
- 1396Philip the Good: Duke of Burgundy
- 1527John Dee: London, England -- Alchemist / Astrologer / mathematician
- 1590Clement X [Emilio Altieri]: Italy -- Pope (1670-76)
- 1608Ferdinand III: King of Hungary / Bohemia / German Emperor (1637-57)
- 1773Wilhelm H Wackenroder: German writer (Fantasies about Art)
- 1815James Alexander Seddon: Confederate States Secretary of War, died in 1880
- 1816Gustav Freytag: Writer
- 1821Nathan Bedford Forrest: Slave trader / Confederate Lieutenant General / KKK Grand Wizard
- 1826Stanislao Cannizzaro: Italian chemist (Reaction of Cannizzaro)
- 1850Hipolito Irigoyen: President Argentina (1916-22, 1928-30)
- 1859Sydney Webb: England, United Kingdom -- Writer / husband of Beatrice Potter
- 1863Emma Mary Wooley: Educator (Mary Anna Wells)
- 1872Alfons van de Perre: Flemish Physician / MP
- 1877Karl Erb: German tenor
- 1883[Louis C] Marcel Berckmans: Painter / actor (Potasch & Perlemoer)
- 1884Francis B Young: British Physician / writer (White Ladies)
- 1884John Francis Larchet: Composer
- 1888Fernando A N de Seabra Pessoa: Portuguese poet (Mensagem)
- 1888Jean Murat: Pergneux, France -- Actor (Eternal Rain, Carnival Flanders)
- 1891Franco Casavola: Composer
- 1895Sidney Blackmer: Salisbury, North Carolina -- Actor (Ted Roosevelt in 12 movies)
- 1898Martin David: German / Netherlands law historian
- 1900JH Scheps: Dutch 2nd-Member of parliament (social democratic)
- 1901Mickey "Toy Bulldog" Walker: Welterweight boxing champ (1922-26)
- 1901Tillie Ehrlich Lewin: Leading industrialist (tomato queen)
- 1903Eric Portman: Yorkshire, England -- Actor (Naked Edge, Canterbury Tale)
- 1906Harry Sosnik: Chicago, Illinois -- Orchestra leader (Jack Carter Show, Your Hit Parade)
- 1909David Branson: Composer
- 1909Paul Constantinescu: Composer
- 1909Washington Castro: Composer
Died on July 13
- 0574John III: Italian Pope (561-74)
- 0939Leo VII: Italian Pope (936-39)
- 1024Henry II [the Monk]: German King (1002-24)
- 1105Rashi [Rabbi Shlomo Yitzaki]: Jewish intellectual
- 1309Jan I van Nassau: Bishop of Utrecht
- 1380Bertrand du Guesclin: French King of Granada, dies at about 60
- 1621Albrecht / Albertus: Archduke of Austria, dies at 61
- 1755Edward Braddock: British General, dies in battle at Pittsburgh
- 1762James Bradley: 3rd Astronomer Royal
- 1777Guillaume Coustou, Jr.: French Sculptor (Apollo / Mars / Venus), dies at 61
- 1785Stephen Hopkins: US judge / signer (Declaration of Independence), dies at 78
- 1793Jean Paul Marat: French revolutionary, murdered by Charlotte Corday
- 1813Johann Friedrich Peter: Composer, dies at 67
- 1844Johann Gansbacher: Composer, dies at 66
- 1860John Ackersdijk: Dutch state house builder, dies at 69
- 1861Robert Selden Garnett: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 41
- 1863John S Bowen: US Architect / Confederate General Major, dies at 32
- 1877Wilhelm E Freiherr von Ketteler: German Bishop of Mainz, dies at 65
- 1889Carli Zoeller: Composer, dies at 49
- 1894Juventino Rosas: Composer, dies at 26
- 1903August Reissmann: Composer, dies at 77
- 1925Gerben Postma [Ids]: Fries writer (Lytse Fryske Spraekleare)
- 1927James E K Aggrey: Ghana / US theologist
- 1936Izydor Lotto: Composer, dies at 91
- 1936Jose Calvo Sotelo: Spanish Minister of Finance, murdered at 43
- 1946Alfred Stieglitz: US photographer / art dealer (Camera Work), dies at 82
- 1954Irving Pichel: Dies at 63
- 1954M C Frida Kahlo: Mexican Painter / Wife of Diego Rivera, dies at 47
- 1955Beulah Ecton Woodard: US sculptor, dies at 59
- 1955Ruth Ellis: Last English woman (murderess), executed by hanging
Events on Jul 14
- 1535Emperor Charles V conquerors Tunis
- 1544English troops attack The Canal
- 1581English Jesuit Edmund Campion arrested
- 1682Henry Purcell appointed Organist of Chapel Royal, London
- 1714Battle of Aland, Russian fleet overpowers larger Swedish fleet
- 1771Mission San Antonio de Padua founded in California
- 1789Bastille Day-French Revolution begins with the fall of Bastille
- 17981st direct federal tax on states - on dwellings, land and slaves
- 1798Sedition Act prohibits "false, scandalous & malicious" writing against US government
- 1822Slave revolt in SC under Denmark Vesey / Peter Poyas
- 1823Switzerland signs boundaries for fugitives
- 1832Opium exempted from federal tariff duty
- 1845Fire in NYC destroys 1,000 homes and kills many
- 18501st public demonstration of ice made by refrigeration
- 1853Commodore Perry requests trade relations with Japan
- 1853President Franklin Pierce opens 1st industrial exposition (NY)
- 1861Gen McDowell advances toward Fairfax Courthouse, VA with 40,000 troops
- 1861Naval Engagement at Wilmington NC - USS Daylight establishes blockade
- 1863Battle of Falling Waters, MD (Beaver Creek)
- 1863Jews of Holstein Germany granted equality
- 1864Gold is discovered in Helena, Montana
- 18651st ascent of Matterhorn
- 1865Whymper, Hudson, Croz, Douglas and Hadow 1st to climb Matterhorn
- 1868Alvin J Fellows patents tape measure
- 1877General strike brings US railroad to a stand still
- 1891John T Smith patents corkboard
- 191146" of rain begins to fall in Baguio, Philippines
- 1912Kenneth McArthur runs Olympic record marathon (2:36:54.8)
- 19141st patent for liquid-fueled rocket design granted (Dr R Goddard)
- 191633.6 cm rainfall at Effingham SC (state record)
Born on Jul 14
- 1486Andrea del Sarto: Italy -- Painter (Recollets)
- 1602Jules Mazarin: France -- Cardinal, French 1st Minister (1642-61)
- 1610Ferdinand II: Monarch of Toscane
- 1707Jacques-Philippe Lamoninary: Composer
- 1756Thomas Rowlandson: English painter / cartoonist / etcher
- 1794John G Lockhart [Scorpion]: Biographer (Life of Sir Walter Scott)
- 1804Ludwig A Benedek: Austrian General
- 1818Nathaniel Lyon: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1861
- 1830Richard Henry Jackson: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1831William Dwight: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1888
- 1839Edward Sydney Smith: Composer
- 1854Alexander Alexandrovich Kopilov: Composer
- 1855Richard Samuel Hughes: Composer
- 1857Maytag: Inventor (washing machine)
- 1862Florence Bascom: United States -- 1st American woman PhD
- 1862Gustav Klimt: Austria -- Art Nouveau painter
- 1865Annie Jones: Virginia, United States -- Bearded lady
- 1868Gertrude M L Bell: British archaeologist (Desert & The Sown)
- 1869Owen Wister: United States -- Novelist (Virginian)
- 1880Donald Meek: Glasgow, Scotland -- Actor (Stage Fair, Stagecoach)
- 1883Alexandru Zirra: Composer
- 1884Charles Meldrum Daniels: Dayton, Ohio -- Swimmer (1904, 08 Olympics - Gold Medalist)
- 1890Ossip Zadkine [Zadkin]: Russ / French sculptor (Destroyed City)
- 1891Henry Oscar: London, England -- Actor (Saint in London)
- 1893John G Strijdom: Premier of South-Africa (1954-58)
- 1895Frank Raymond Leavis: British literary critic (Culture & Environment)
- 1898Ivan Triesault: Estonia -- Actor (Cry of the Werewolf, Black Parachute)
- 1901George Tobias: NYC, New York -- Actor (Abner Kravitz-Bewitched)
- 1902Paul Guilfoyle: Jersey City, New Jersey -- Actor / director (Curiosity Kills)
- 1902Richard Clarkson: Aerodynamicist
Died on Jul 14
- 1223Philippe II Augustus: King of France (1180-1223), dies at 57
- 1298Jacob de Voragine: Italian Bishop / writer (Golden Legend)
- 1614Camillus de Lellis: Ital soldier / monastery founder / saint, dies at 64
- 1711Johan Willem Friso: Prince of Orange / (Nassau-Dietz), drowns at 23
- 1744Immanuel J Pyra: German Poet (Temple of True Poetry), dies at 28
- 1762Cornelis Hop: Amsterdams regent / diplomat, dies at 77
- 1779George Ross: US judge / signer (Declaration of Independence), dies at 49
- 1788Johann Gottfried Muthel: Composer, dies at 60
- 1793Jacques Cathelineau: French royalist, dies in battle at 44
- 1803Esteban Salas y Castro: Composer
- 1812Christian G Heyne: German archaeologist, dies at 82
- 1816Francisco AG de Miranda: Venezuela freedom fighter, dies at 66
- 1830Anthony FRE Haersolte: Member of Executing Regime, dies at 73
- 1873Ferdinand David: Dutch violinist / composer, dies at 63
- 1895Alexander Ewing: Composer, dies at 65
- 1902Mark M Antokolski: Russian / French sculptor, dies at 58
- 1904S J Paul Kruger: General / President South-Africa (1883-1904), dies at 78
- 1908William Mason: Composer, dies at 79
- 1923Louis Ganne: Composer, dies at 61
- 1943Johannes F "Frits" Bakker, Sr.: Actor
- 1954Jacinto Benavente y Martinez: Spanish playwright, dies at 87
- 1956Jaroslav Ridky: Composer, dies at 58
- 1958Abdoel Illah: Crown Prince of Iraq, murdered
- 1958Emil Barth: Writer, dies at 58
- 1958Faisal II: King of Iraq (1939-58), assassinated at Baghdad
- 1958Franciscus J Feron: Vicar-General of Roermond, dies at 62
- 1958Noeri el-Said: Premier of Iraq, murdered
- 1959Grock [Adrien Wettach]: Swiss clown / circus director, dies at 79
- 1965Adlai Stevenson: US amb to UN / Presidential Candidate (D, 1952, 56)
- 1968Konstatin G Paustovski: Russian sailor / author, dies at 76