Events on Jul 16

• 0390Brennus and Gauls defeat Romans at Allia
• 0463Start of Lunar Cycle of Hilarius
• 0622Moslem Era begins-Mahomet begins flight from Mecca to Medina (Hejira)
• 0622Origin of Islamic Era (Muharram 1, 1 AH)
• 1054Michael Caerularius excommunicated of Constantinople
• 1099Crusaders herd Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue and set it afire
• 1212Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; end of Moslem power in Spain
• 1251The Virgin Mary gives Simon Stork a haircut (legend)
• 1338German monarch signs Treaty of Rense
• 1429Army entered Reims
• 1429Joan of Arc leads French army in Battle of Orleans
• 1439Kissing is banned in England (to stop germs from spreading)
• 1519Public debate between Martin Luther and Theologist John Eck
• 1548La Paz, Bolivia is founded
• 1573Alva demands submission of Zealand / Holland
• 1618Captain John Gilbert patents 1st dredger in Britain
• 1659Princess Henriette C of Orange-Nassau weds monarch Johan George II
• 16611st banknotes in Europe were issued by Bank of Stockholm
• 1683Turkish troops under Kara Mustafa attain Vienna
• 1769Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego, 1st mission in California
• 1775John Adams graduates Harvard
• 1790Congress establishes District of Columbia
• 1798US Public Health Service forms and US Marine Hospital authorized
• 1801Pope Pius VII and 1st consul Napoleon sign concord
• 1845New York Yacht Club holds its 1st regatta
• 1856Statue of Laurens Jansz Coster unveiled in Haarlem
• 1857Sir Henry Havelock arrives at Battle of Cawnpore
• 1861Battle of Bull Run, the 1st major battle of the Civil War, is fought
• 1862David G Farragut is 1st rear Admiral in US Navy
• 1863Utrecht-Swells railway opens

Born on Jul 16

• 1571Theodoor Galle: Flemish engraver, baptized
• 1715Charles Prince de Rohan-Soubise: Marshal of France
• 1722Joseph Wilton: Sculptor
• 1723Joshua Reynolds: England, United Kingdom -- Portrait painter (Simplicity)
• 1725Georg Simon Lohlein: Composer
• 1728Henri Moreau: Composer
• 1746Giuseppe Piazzi: Italian Monk / discoverer (1st asteroid-Ceres)
• 1796Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot: Painter
• 1821Mary Baker Eddy: Founded Christian Science (Science & Health)
• 1822Luigi Arditi: Violinist / composer
• 1823James Isham Gilbert: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1829Robert Brown Potter: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1887
• 1834Carlo Angeloni: Composer
• 1834Peter Leyten: Bishop of Breda (1885-1914)
• 1839Philipus J Hoedemaker: Dutch theologist
• 1848Henri[cus A] Viotta: Dutch conductor / composer (Lexicon of Music)
• 1855Charles Francis Abdy Williams: Composer
• 1860Jens Otto Harry Jespersen: Linguist / philologist
• 1862Ida Bell Wells-Barnett [Iola]: US civil rights activist
• 1865George A Birmingham [Rev James Owen Hannay]: Novelist
• 1872Roald Amundsen: Norway -- Explorer that discovered the South Pole
• 1882Edward Earle: Toronto, Ontario -- Actor (Charlie Chan-Meeting at Midnight)
• 1887"Shoeless" Joe Jackson: Black sox player (Say it aint so, Joe)
• 1888Frits Zernike: Invented phase-contrast microscope (Nobel 1953)
• 1888Percy Kilbride: San Francisco, California -- Actor (Egg & I, Ma & Pa Kettle)
• 1896Mauritius R J Dekker [Boris Robazki]: Dutch writer (Merkteken)
• 1896Trygve Halvdan Lie: Norway -- 1st UN Secretary General (1946-52)
• 1899Eunice Hunton Carter: 1st black female district attorney (NY)
• 1901Fritz Mahler: Composer
• 1903Mary Philbin: Chicago, Illinois -- Actress (Phantom of the Opera)

Died on Jul 16

• 0276Mark Annius Florianus: Emperor of Rome (276), murdered
• 0599Monulphus: Bishop of Tongeren-Maastricht (St Servaaskerk)
• 1139Walram II: Duke of Limburg / Neth-Lutherans
• 1482John van Schaffelaar: Gelders knight
• 1557Anne of Cleeves: Queen of England / 4th Wife of Henry VIII, dies at 41
• 1590Bartholomaeus a Martyribus [Fernandez]: Pontiff of Portugal
• 1647Massaniello [Tommaso Aniello]: Napolitan rebel, murdered
• 1664A Gryphius: Writer, dies at 47
• 1691Francois-Michel Le Tellier: Marquis de Louvois, statesman
• 1698Cristoph Kaldenbach: Composer, dies at 84
• 1729Johann David Heinichen: Composer, dies at 46
• 1730Elijiah Fenton: Poet
• 1736Thomas Yalden: Poet / fable writer
• 1747Giuseppe Maria Crespi: Painter / etcher
• 1762Jacques Hotteterre: Composer, dies at 87
• 1764Ivan VI: Emperor of Russia (1740-41), murdered at 23
• 1782Louise Ulrike: Queen of Sweden / Wife of Adolf Frederik, dies at 61
• 1827Josiah Spode: Potter
• 1843Hubert MAJ van Asch van Wijck: Politician, dies at 68
• 1864Victor JB Girardey: Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 27
• 1868Louis-Francois Dauprat: Composer, dies at 87
• 1886Ned Buntline [Edward Zane Carroll Judson]: Author
• 1887Nicaise de Keyser: Flemish Painter (Battle at Woeringen), dies at 73
• 1889Michele Amari: Italian Historian / Minister of Education, dies at 83
• 1896Edmond-Louis-Antoine Huot de Goncourt: Novelist, dies at 74
• 1896William Hamilton Gibson: Illustrator / Author / Novelist
• 1897Levin Goldschmidt: German business law expert
• 1916Ilja [Elias] Metsjnikov: Russ bacteriologist (Nobel 1908)
• 1916Ludwig P Scharwenka: German Composer (Album Polonaise), dies at 70
• 1916Victor Alexander Haden Horsley: Physician

Historical events on July 17

• 0180Christenen Cittinus / Donatus / Natzalus / Secunda / Speratus / Vestia sentenced to death in Carthago
• 0561John III begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Pelagius I
• 0855St. Leo IV ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1054Emperor Henry III crowns his son Henry IV King
• 1070Arnulf III the Hapless becomes Earl of Flanders
• 1203Venetianen conquer Constantinople, Emperor Alexius III flees
• 1245Pope bans Emperor Frederik II Hohenstaufen for 3rd time
• 1393Osmanen occupy Turnovo, Bulgaria
• 1429Dauphin crowned King of France
• 14531st battle at Castillon: French beat English troops
• 1473Charles the Stout conquerors Nijmegen
• 1509Venice recaptures Padua
• 1549Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium
• 1552Siena drives Spanish troops out of Verdun
• 1583Spanish and Walloon troops conquer Dunkerk
• 1585English secret service discovers Anthony Babingtons murder plot against Queen Elizabeth I
• 1596At 10:30AM Dutch explorer Willem Barents arrives at Novaya Zemlya
• 1603Sir Walter Ralegh arrested
• 1727Simon van Slingelandt appointed Dutch pension advisor
• 1740Prospero Lambertini chosen Pope Benedictus XIV
• 1774Captain Cook arrives at New Hebrides (Vanuata)
• 17751st military hospital approved
• 1788Russian fleet destroys Swedish
• 1794African Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia, dedicated
• 1821Spain cedes Florida to US
• 1841British humor magazine "Punch" 1st published
• 1850Harvard Observatory takes 1st photograph of a star (Vega)
• 1856Sunday school excursion train collides killing 46 children (Philadelphia)
• 1861Congress authorizes paper money
• 1861Manassas, VA General Beauregard requests reinforcements for his 22,000 men, General Johnston is ordered to Manassas

Born on July 17

• 1674Isaac Watts: England, United Kingdom -- Writer / preacher / hymnist (Horae Lyrican)
• 1744Elbridge Gerry: (DR) 5th VP (Mass-Gov), invented gerrymandering
• 1763Johannes H van der Palm: Dutch theologist / Minister of Education
• 1763John Jacob Astor: Germany -- Richest man in US, banker / fur trader
• 1775August Harder: Composer
• 1817Ignace Xavier Joseph Leybach: Composer
• 1827Frederick A Able: English chemist / inventor (cordiet)
• 1830Eelco Refer: Linguist (Dictionary for the Dutch translator)
• 1832Johan August Soderman: Composer
• 1839Friedrich Gernsheim: Composer
• 1853Francesco Fanciulli: Composer
• 1871Lyonel C A Feininger: US cartoonist / painter
• 1873Antonina Neshdanova: Russian soprano (Rigoletto)
• 1875Donald Francis Tovey: Eton, England -- Musicologist / composer
• 1876Maxim M Litvinov [Meyer H Wallach]: Russian diplomat
• 1876Rosa Jackson Lumpkin: Georgia, United States -- Lived to be 115 (died in 1991)
• 1876Vittorio Gnecchi: Composer
• 1878Henri Zagwijn: Composer
• 1883Bart de Ligt: Anti militarist theologist (Acting Peace)
• 1883Mauritz Stiller: Swedish actor / director (Erotikon)
• 1885Benjamin James Dale: Composer
• 1888Shmuel Agnon: Israel -- Novelist (Day Before Yesterday-Nobel 1966)
• 1894Mary Clare: London, England -- Actress (Evil Mind, Young & Innocent)
• 1897Elbert Parr Tuttle: Lawyer / judge
• 1898Berenice Abbott: Springfield, Ohio -- Photographer (World of Atget)
• 1902Christina Stead: Australia -- Novelist (Man Who Loved Children)
• 1903Valerian Mikhaylovich Bogdanov-Berezovsky: Composer
• 1904Jef Alpaerts: Flemish pianist / conductor
• 1905Norman Waterhouse Lees: Jazz fan
• 1905William Gargan: Brooklyn, New York -- Actor (Dynamite, Ellery Queen)

Died on July 17

• 0924Edward [the Older]: English speaking King (899-924)
• 1025Boleslaw I Chobry [the brave]: Duke / King of Poland
• 1070Boudouin VI: Count of Flanders / Henegouwen
• 1510Tree of Commonwealth: Beheaded at about 48
• 1627Lieven de Key: Flemish master builder (Vleeshal), dies at about 67
• 1682Johann Heinrich Kittel: Composer, dies at 29
• 1709Pascal Collasse: Composer, dies at 60
• 1746Anthonie van de Heim: Dutch pension advisor (1737-46), dies at 53
• 1762Peter III Fjodorovitsj: Emperor of Russia (1762), dies at 34
• 1763Wenzel Raimund Pirck: Composer, dies at 45
• 1793Charlotte Corday: Murderer (Jean-Paul Marat), is guillotined
• 1794Jean-Frederic Edelmann: Composer, dies at 45
• 1826Joseph Graetz: Composer, dies at 65
• 1838John Whites: Hydraulic engineer, dies at 82
• 1851Beni Egressy: Composer, dies at 37
• 1863James Johnston Pettigrew: US attorney / Confederate, dies at 35
• 1864Daniel McCook, Jr.: US Union Brigadier General, dies at 29
• 1864Dirk Dark Curtius: Attorney / liberal Minister of Justice, dies at 71
• 1871Karl Tausig: Composer, dies at 29
• 1875Gabor Matray: Composer, dies at 77
• 1878Aleardo [Gaetano] Aleardi: Italian / Aust Poet (Tre Fiumi), dies at 65
• 1901John Farmer: Composer, dies at 64
• 1903James A McNeill Whistler: US / British writer (Bride Tomorrow), dies at 69
• 1915Francesco Fanciulli: Composer, dies on 62nd birthday
• 1918Aleksei N Romanov: Son of tsar Nicolas II, executed at 13
• 1918Alexandra Fjodorova: Wife of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death at 46
• 1918Anastasia N Romanova: Daughter of tsar Nicholas, executed at 17
• 1918Botkin: Personal Physician of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death
• 1918Charitonov: Cook of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death
• 1918Demidova: Lady in waiting of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death

Events on Jul 18

• 1290King Edward I of England orders expulsion of Jews
• 1330Battle of Velbuzd
• 1572Willem van Orange recognized as Viceroy of Holland / Friesland / Utrecht
• 1588Admiral Howard beats Spanish Armada
• 1630Spanish troops occupy Mantua
• 1716Decree orders all Jews expelled from Brussels
• 1737Battle at Banja Luka: Turkish army beats Austrians
• 17431st half-page newspaper ad is published (NY Weekly Journal)
• 1753Lemuel Haynes, escapes from slave holder in Framingham, Massachusetts
• 1766Society of the Dutch Literary forms
• 1814British capture Prairie du Chien (Wisc)
• 1853Completion of Grand Trunk Line, trains begin running over 1st North American railroad between Portland, Maine and Montreal
• 1862Battle of Newburgh, IN - captured by Union forces
• 1863Battle of Fort Wagner, SC - Second assault US1500 CS174
• 1864President Lincoln asks for 500,000 volunteers for milt service
• 1870Pontifical infalliability proclaimed
• 1872Britain introduces secret ballot voting
• 1882Louisville Tony Mullane is 1st to pitch righty then lefty
• 18962nd US Golf Open: James Foulis shoots a 152 at Shinnecock Hills, New York
• 18973rd US Golf Open: James Foulis wins
• 1897Cap Anson, is 1st to get 3,000 hits
• 1907French troops occupy Casablanca
• 1912Chicago Cubs get 21 hits but lose to Philadelphia Phillies in 11 innings
• 1913After 68 straight innings Christy Mathewson gives up a walk
• 1914US army air service 1st comes into being, in Signal Corps
• 19152nd Battle of Isonzo begins and ends with loss of 280,000 men
• 1915Boston Braves start move from last place to become world series champs
• 1918US and French forces launch Aisne-Marne offensive in WWI
• 1921Black Sox trial begins in Chicago
• 1925Hitler publishes Mein Kampf

Born on Jul 18

• 1340Philip van Artevelde: Wine salesman / lord lt of Flanders
• 1534Zacharias Ursinus: German theologist (Heidelberger Catechism)
• 1552Rudolf II [of Habsburg]: Emperor of Germany (1576-1612)
• 1634Joannes Camphuys: Governor-General of Dutch-Indies (1684-91)
• 1635Robert Hooke: Isle of Wight, United Kingdom -- Physicist (Micrographia)
• 1670Giovanni Battista Bononcini: Italian (opera)composer
• 1711Pierre-Joseph Le Blan: Composer
• 1720Gilbert White: "father of British naturalists"
• 1766Friedrich Fleischmann: Composer
• 1810Peter Singer: Composer
• 1811William Makepeace Thackeray: England, United Kingdom -- Victorian Novelist (Vanity Fair)
• 1823Leonard Fulton Ross: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1901
• 1827Pierre L Goossens: Archbishop of Mechelen / Cardinal
• 1853Hendrik Antoon Lorentz: Holland, Netherlands -- Physicist (Nobel 1902)
• 1862Napoleon V Bonaparte: French pretender to throne
• 1862Nikolaj N Yudenitcch: Russian General / counter-revolutionary
• 1864Ricarda Huch: Writer
• 1865Laurence Housman: England, United Kingdom -- Author / playwright (Victoria Regina)
• 1870Emil Mlynarski: Composer
• 1871Giacomo Balla: Italian painter (Dog at a Rope)
• 1872Julius Fucik: Composer
• 1880Otto Vrieslander: Composer
• 1882Manuel Galvez: Argentina -- Writer / poet / historian (Paraguay)
• 1887Vidkun Al Quisling: Norwegian Minister of Defense / Premier (1942-45)
• 1888Alexander Rosemeier: Indonesian / Dutch painter
• 1888Sydney Horler: English detective writer
• 1890Charles Wilson: President of General Motors (1940-53) / Secretary of Defense (1953-57)
• 1891Gene Lockhart: NYC, New York -- Actor (Going My Way, Christmas Carol)
• 1893Josef Huttel: Composer
• 1893Richard Dix: St. Paul, Minnesota -- Actor (10 Commandments, Cimarron)

Died on Jul 18

• 0640Arnulf: Bishop of Metz (614-640) / politician, dies at about 58
• 1100Godfried IV van Bouillon: Count of Antwerp
• 1374Francesco Petrarch: Italian Poet (Italia Mia), dies at 69
• 1591Jakob Handl [Petelin]: Austrian Composer / bandmaster, dies at 40
• 1608Joachim III Frederik: Ruler (Brandenburg), dies at 61
• 1639Bernard: Duke of Saksen-Weimar (Rheinfelden)
• 1642Willem Earl of Nassau-Siegen: Gov of Ft Emmerik / Heusden
• 1650Christoph Scheiner: German astronomer, dies at 74
• 1695Joannes Camphuys: Governor-General of Dutch-Indies, dies at 61
• 1710Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: Ital painter, dies at 36
• 1721Jean Antoine Watteau: French painter
• 1735Johann Krieger: Composer, dies at 83
• 1817Jane Austen: Writer
• 1831Thomas Greatorex: Composer, dies at 72
• 1833Joseph Comb: Missionary to Moluccas, dies at 63
• 1854Abbas Hilmi I: Viceroy of Egypt, dies at about 41
• 1863William Dorsey Pender: US Confederate General Major, dies of injuries at 29
• 1894Leconte de Lisle: Writer, dies at 75
• 1898Emil Hartmann: Composer, dies at 62
• 1899Horatio Alger, Jr.: American clergyman / Author (Disagreeeable Woman)
• 1901Alfredo Carlo Piatti: Composer, dies at 79
• 1908Jaime Nuno: Composer, dies at 83
• 1915George William Louis Marshall-Hall: Composer, dies at 53
• 1938Vladimir M Kirshon: Russian playwright, executed at 35
• 1939Witold Maliszewski: Composer, dies at 65
• 1941Dionyssios Lavrangas: Composer, dies at 80
• 1944George A Hartland: English MP (Norwich 1931-35), dies at 60
• 1950Carl Clinton Van Doren: US literary (The Nation), dies at 64
• 1956Willem J A Kerncamp: Dutch overseas minister (Islam & Woman), dies at 57
• 1958Henry Farman: French aviation pioneer (double decker), dies at 84