Events on Jul 16
- 0390Brennus and Gauls defeat Romans at Allia
- 0463Start of Lunar Cycle of Hilarius
- 0622Moslem Era begins-Mahomet begins flight from Mecca to Medina (Hejira)
- 0622Origin of Islamic Era (Muharram 1, 1 AH)
- 1054Michael Caerularius excommunicated of Constantinople
- 1099Crusaders herd Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue and set it afire
- 1212Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; end of Moslem power in Spain
- 1251The Virgin Mary gives Simon Stork a haircut (legend)
- 1338German monarch signs Treaty of Rense
- 1429Army entered Reims
- 1429Joan of Arc leads French army in Battle of Orleans
- 1439Kissing is banned in England (to stop germs from spreading)
- 1519Public debate between Martin Luther and Theologist John Eck
- 1548La Paz, Bolivia is founded
- 1573Alva demands submission of Zealand / Holland
- 1618Captain John Gilbert patents 1st dredger in Britain
- 1659Princess Henriette C of Orange-Nassau weds monarch Johan George II
- 16611st banknotes in Europe were issued by Bank of Stockholm
- 1683Turkish troops under Kara Mustafa attain Vienna
- 1769Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego, 1st mission in California
- 1775John Adams graduates Harvard
- 1790Congress establishes District of Columbia
- 1798US Public Health Service forms and US Marine Hospital authorized
- 1801Pope Pius VII and 1st consul Napoleon sign concord
- 1845New York Yacht Club holds its 1st regatta
- 1856Statue of Laurens Jansz Coster unveiled in Haarlem
- 1857Sir Henry Havelock arrives at Battle of Cawnpore
- 1861Battle of Bull Run, the 1st major battle of the Civil War, is fought
- 1862David G Farragut is 1st rear Admiral in US Navy
- 1863Utrecht-Swells railway opens
Born on Jul 16
- 1571Theodoor Galle: Flemish engraver, baptized
- 1715Charles Prince de Rohan-Soubise: Marshal of France
- 1722Joseph Wilton: Sculptor
- 1723Joshua Reynolds: England, United Kingdom -- Portrait painter (Simplicity)
- 1725Georg Simon Lohlein: Composer
- 1728Henri Moreau: Composer
- 1746Giuseppe Piazzi: Italian Monk / discoverer (1st asteroid-Ceres)
- 1796Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot: Painter
- 1821Mary Baker Eddy: Founded Christian Science (Science & Health)
- 1822Luigi Arditi: Violinist / composer
- 1823James Isham Gilbert: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1829Robert Brown Potter: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1887
- 1834Carlo Angeloni: Composer
- 1834Peter Leyten: Bishop of Breda (1885-1914)
- 1839Philipus J Hoedemaker: Dutch theologist
- 1848Henri[cus A] Viotta: Dutch conductor / composer (Lexicon of Music)
- 1855Charles Francis Abdy Williams: Composer
- 1860Jens Otto Harry Jespersen: Linguist / philologist
- 1862Ida Bell Wells-Barnett [Iola]: US civil rights activist
- 1865George A Birmingham [Rev James Owen Hannay]: Novelist
- 1872Roald Amundsen: Norway -- Explorer that discovered the South Pole
- 1882Edward Earle: Toronto, Ontario -- Actor (Charlie Chan-Meeting at Midnight)
- 1887"Shoeless" Joe Jackson: Black sox player (Say it aint so, Joe)
- 1888Frits Zernike: Invented phase-contrast microscope (Nobel 1953)
- 1888Percy Kilbride: San Francisco, California -- Actor (Egg & I, Ma & Pa Kettle)
- 1896Mauritius R J Dekker [Boris Robazki]: Dutch writer (Merkteken)
- 1896Trygve Halvdan Lie: Norway -- 1st UN Secretary General (1946-52)
- 1899Eunice Hunton Carter: 1st black female district attorney (NY)
- 1901Fritz Mahler: Composer
- 1903Mary Philbin: Chicago, Illinois -- Actress (Phantom of the Opera)
Died on Jul 16
- 0276Mark Annius Florianus: Emperor of Rome (276), murdered
- 0599Monulphus: Bishop of Tongeren-Maastricht (St Servaaskerk)
- 1139Walram II: Duke of Limburg / Neth-Lutherans
- 1482John van Schaffelaar: Gelders knight
- 1557Anne of Cleeves: Queen of England / 4th Wife of Henry VIII, dies at 41
- 1590Bartholomaeus a Martyribus [Fernandez]: Pontiff of Portugal
- 1647Massaniello [Tommaso Aniello]: Napolitan rebel, murdered
- 1664A Gryphius: Writer, dies at 47
- 1691Francois-Michel Le Tellier: Marquis de Louvois, statesman
- 1698Cristoph Kaldenbach: Composer, dies at 84
- 1729Johann David Heinichen: Composer, dies at 46
- 1730Elijiah Fenton: Poet
- 1736Thomas Yalden: Poet / fable writer
- 1747Giuseppe Maria Crespi: Painter / etcher
- 1762Jacques Hotteterre: Composer, dies at 87
- 1764Ivan VI: Emperor of Russia (1740-41), murdered at 23
- 1782Louise Ulrike: Queen of Sweden / Wife of Adolf Frederik, dies at 61
- 1827Josiah Spode: Potter
- 1843Hubert MAJ van Asch van Wijck: Politician, dies at 68
- 1864Victor JB Girardey: Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 27
- 1868Louis-Francois Dauprat: Composer, dies at 87
- 1886Ned Buntline [Edward Zane Carroll Judson]: Author
- 1887Nicaise de Keyser: Flemish Painter (Battle at Woeringen), dies at 73
- 1889Michele Amari: Italian Historian / Minister of Education, dies at 83
- 1896Edmond-Louis-Antoine Huot de Goncourt: Novelist, dies at 74
- 1896William Hamilton Gibson: Illustrator / Author / Novelist
- 1897Levin Goldschmidt: German business law expert
- 1916Ilja [Elias] Metsjnikov: Russ bacteriologist (Nobel 1908)
- 1916Ludwig P Scharwenka: German Composer (Album Polonaise), dies at 70
- 1916Victor Alexander Haden Horsley: Physician
Historical events on July 17
- 0180Christenen Cittinus / Donatus / Natzalus / Secunda / Speratus / Vestia sentenced to death in Carthago
- 0561John III begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Pelagius I
- 0855St. Leo IV ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1054Emperor Henry III crowns his son Henry IV King
- 1070Arnulf III the Hapless becomes Earl of Flanders
- 1203Venetianen conquer Constantinople, Emperor Alexius III flees
- 1245Pope bans Emperor Frederik II Hohenstaufen for 3rd time
- 1393Osmanen occupy Turnovo, Bulgaria
- 1429Dauphin crowned King of France
- 14531st battle at Castillon: French beat English troops
- 1473Charles the Stout conquerors Nijmegen
- 1509Venice recaptures Padua
- 1549Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium
- 1552Siena drives Spanish troops out of Verdun
- 1583Spanish and Walloon troops conquer Dunkerk
- 1585English secret service discovers Anthony Babingtons murder plot against Queen Elizabeth I
- 1596At 10:30AM Dutch explorer Willem Barents arrives at Novaya Zemlya
- 1603Sir Walter Ralegh arrested
- 1727Simon van Slingelandt appointed Dutch pension advisor
- 1740Prospero Lambertini chosen Pope Benedictus XIV
- 1774Captain Cook arrives at New Hebrides (Vanuata)
- 17751st military hospital approved
- 1788Russian fleet destroys Swedish
- 1794African Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia, dedicated
- 1821Spain cedes Florida to US
- 1841British humor magazine "Punch" 1st published
- 1850Harvard Observatory takes 1st photograph of a star (Vega)
- 1856Sunday school excursion train collides killing 46 children (Philadelphia)
- 1861Congress authorizes paper money
- 1861Manassas, VA General Beauregard requests reinforcements for his 22,000 men, General Johnston is ordered to Manassas
Born on July 17
- 1674Isaac Watts: England, United Kingdom -- Writer / preacher / hymnist (Horae Lyrican)
- 1744Elbridge Gerry: (DR) 5th VP (Mass-Gov), invented gerrymandering
- 1763Johannes H van der Palm: Dutch theologist / Minister of Education
- 1763John Jacob Astor: Germany -- Richest man in US, banker / fur trader
- 1775August Harder: Composer
- 1817Ignace Xavier Joseph Leybach: Composer
- 1827Frederick A Able: English chemist / inventor (cordiet)
- 1830Eelco Refer: Linguist (Dictionary for the Dutch translator)
- 1832Johan August Soderman: Composer
- 1839Friedrich Gernsheim: Composer
- 1853Francesco Fanciulli: Composer
- 1871Lyonel C A Feininger: US cartoonist / painter
- 1873Antonina Neshdanova: Russian soprano (Rigoletto)
- 1875Donald Francis Tovey: Eton, England -- Musicologist / composer
- 1876Maxim M Litvinov [Meyer H Wallach]: Russian diplomat
- 1876Rosa Jackson Lumpkin: Georgia, United States -- Lived to be 115 (died in 1991)
- 1876Vittorio Gnecchi: Composer
- 1878Henri Zagwijn: Composer
- 1883Bart de Ligt: Anti militarist theologist (Acting Peace)
- 1883Mauritz Stiller: Swedish actor / director (Erotikon)
- 1885Benjamin James Dale: Composer
- 1888Shmuel Agnon: Israel -- Novelist (Day Before Yesterday-Nobel 1966)
- 1894Mary Clare: London, England -- Actress (Evil Mind, Young & Innocent)
- 1897Elbert Parr Tuttle: Lawyer / judge
- 1898Berenice Abbott: Springfield, Ohio -- Photographer (World of Atget)
- 1902Christina Stead: Australia -- Novelist (Man Who Loved Children)
- 1903Valerian Mikhaylovich Bogdanov-Berezovsky: Composer
- 1904Jef Alpaerts: Flemish pianist / conductor
- 1905Norman Waterhouse Lees: Jazz fan
- 1905William Gargan: Brooklyn, New York -- Actor (Dynamite, Ellery Queen)
Died on July 17
- 0924Edward [the Older]: English speaking King (899-924)
- 1025Boleslaw I Chobry [the brave]: Duke / King of Poland
- 1070Boudouin VI: Count of Flanders / Henegouwen
- 1510Tree of Commonwealth: Beheaded at about 48
- 1627Lieven de Key: Flemish master builder (Vleeshal), dies at about 67
- 1682Johann Heinrich Kittel: Composer, dies at 29
- 1709Pascal Collasse: Composer, dies at 60
- 1746Anthonie van de Heim: Dutch pension advisor (1737-46), dies at 53
- 1762Peter III Fjodorovitsj: Emperor of Russia (1762), dies at 34
- 1763Wenzel Raimund Pirck: Composer, dies at 45
- 1793Charlotte Corday: Murderer (Jean-Paul Marat), is guillotined
- 1794Jean-Frederic Edelmann: Composer, dies at 45
- 1826Joseph Graetz: Composer, dies at 65
- 1838John Whites: Hydraulic engineer, dies at 82
- 1851Beni Egressy: Composer, dies at 37
- 1863James Johnston Pettigrew: US attorney / Confederate, dies at 35
- 1864Daniel McCook, Jr.: US Union Brigadier General, dies at 29
- 1864Dirk Dark Curtius: Attorney / liberal Minister of Justice, dies at 71
- 1871Karl Tausig: Composer, dies at 29
- 1875Gabor Matray: Composer, dies at 77
- 1878Aleardo [Gaetano] Aleardi: Italian / Aust Poet (Tre Fiumi), dies at 65
- 1901John Farmer: Composer, dies at 64
- 1903James A McNeill Whistler: US / British writer (Bride Tomorrow), dies at 69
- 1915Francesco Fanciulli: Composer, dies on 62nd birthday
- 1918Aleksei N Romanov: Son of tsar Nicolas II, executed at 13
- 1918Alexandra Fjodorova: Wife of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death at 46
- 1918Anastasia N Romanova: Daughter of tsar Nicholas, executed at 17
- 1918Botkin: Personal Physician of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death
- 1918Charitonov: Cook of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death
- 1918Demidova: Lady in waiting of tsar Nicolas II, shot to death
Events on Jul 18
- 1290King Edward I of England orders expulsion of Jews
- 1330Battle of Velbuzd
- 1572Willem van Orange recognized as Viceroy of Holland / Friesland / Utrecht
- 1588Admiral Howard beats Spanish Armada
- 1630Spanish troops occupy Mantua
- 1716Decree orders all Jews expelled from Brussels
- 1737Battle at Banja Luka: Turkish army beats Austrians
- 17431st half-page newspaper ad is published (NY Weekly Journal)
- 1753Lemuel Haynes, escapes from slave holder in Framingham, Massachusetts
- 1766Society of the Dutch Literary forms
- 1814British capture Prairie du Chien (Wisc)
- 1853Completion of Grand Trunk Line, trains begin running over 1st North American railroad between Portland, Maine and Montreal
- 1862Battle of Newburgh, IN - captured by Union forces
- 1863Battle of Fort Wagner, SC - Second assault US1500 CS174
- 1864President Lincoln asks for 500,000 volunteers for milt service
- 1870Pontifical infalliability proclaimed
- 1872Britain introduces secret ballot voting
- 1882Louisville Tony Mullane is 1st to pitch righty then lefty
- 18962nd US Golf Open: James Foulis shoots a 152 at Shinnecock Hills, New York
- 18973rd US Golf Open: James Foulis wins
- 1897Cap Anson, is 1st to get 3,000 hits
- 1907French troops occupy Casablanca
- 1912Chicago Cubs get 21 hits but lose to Philadelphia Phillies in 11 innings
- 1913After 68 straight innings Christy Mathewson gives up a walk
- 1914US army air service 1st comes into being, in Signal Corps
- 19152nd Battle of Isonzo begins and ends with loss of 280,000 men
- 1915Boston Braves start move from last place to become world series champs
- 1918US and French forces launch Aisne-Marne offensive in WWI
- 1921Black Sox trial begins in Chicago
- 1925Hitler publishes Mein Kampf
Born on Jul 18
- 1340Philip van Artevelde: Wine salesman / lord lt of Flanders
- 1534Zacharias Ursinus: German theologist (Heidelberger Catechism)
- 1552Rudolf II [of Habsburg]: Emperor of Germany (1576-1612)
- 1634Joannes Camphuys: Governor-General of Dutch-Indies (1684-91)
- 1635Robert Hooke: Isle of Wight, United Kingdom -- Physicist (Micrographia)
- 1670Giovanni Battista Bononcini: Italian (opera)composer
- 1711Pierre-Joseph Le Blan: Composer
- 1720Gilbert White: "father of British naturalists"
- 1766Friedrich Fleischmann: Composer
- 1810Peter Singer: Composer
- 1811William Makepeace Thackeray: England, United Kingdom -- Victorian Novelist (Vanity Fair)
- 1823Leonard Fulton Ross: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1901
- 1827Pierre L Goossens: Archbishop of Mechelen / Cardinal
- 1853Hendrik Antoon Lorentz: Holland, Netherlands -- Physicist (Nobel 1902)
- 1862Napoleon V Bonaparte: French pretender to throne
- 1862Nikolaj N Yudenitcch: Russian General / counter-revolutionary
- 1864Ricarda Huch: Writer
- 1865Laurence Housman: England, United Kingdom -- Author / playwright (Victoria Regina)
- 1870Emil Mlynarski: Composer
- 1871Giacomo Balla: Italian painter (Dog at a Rope)
- 1872Julius Fucik: Composer
- 1880Otto Vrieslander: Composer
- 1882Manuel Galvez: Argentina -- Writer / poet / historian (Paraguay)
- 1887Vidkun Al Quisling: Norwegian Minister of Defense / Premier (1942-45)
- 1888Alexander Rosemeier: Indonesian / Dutch painter
- 1888Sydney Horler: English detective writer
- 1890Charles Wilson: President of General Motors (1940-53) / Secretary of Defense (1953-57)
- 1891Gene Lockhart: NYC, New York -- Actor (Going My Way, Christmas Carol)
- 1893Josef Huttel: Composer
- 1893Richard Dix: St. Paul, Minnesota -- Actor (10 Commandments, Cimarron)
Died on Jul 18
- 0640Arnulf: Bishop of Metz (614-640) / politician, dies at about 58
- 1100Godfried IV van Bouillon: Count of Antwerp
- 1374Francesco Petrarch: Italian Poet (Italia Mia), dies at 69
- 1591Jakob Handl [Petelin]: Austrian Composer / bandmaster, dies at 40
- 1608Joachim III Frederik: Ruler (Brandenburg), dies at 61
- 1639Bernard: Duke of Saksen-Weimar (Rheinfelden)
- 1642Willem Earl of Nassau-Siegen: Gov of Ft Emmerik / Heusden
- 1650Christoph Scheiner: German astronomer, dies at 74
- 1695Joannes Camphuys: Governor-General of Dutch-Indies, dies at 61
- 1710Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: Ital painter, dies at 36
- 1721Jean Antoine Watteau: French painter
- 1735Johann Krieger: Composer, dies at 83
- 1817Jane Austen: Writer
- 1831Thomas Greatorex: Composer, dies at 72
- 1833Joseph Comb: Missionary to Moluccas, dies at 63
- 1854Abbas Hilmi I: Viceroy of Egypt, dies at about 41
- 1863William Dorsey Pender: US Confederate General Major, dies of injuries at 29
- 1894Leconte de Lisle: Writer, dies at 75
- 1898Emil Hartmann: Composer, dies at 62
- 1899Horatio Alger, Jr.: American clergyman / Author (Disagreeeable Woman)
- 1901Alfredo Carlo Piatti: Composer, dies at 79
- 1908Jaime Nuno: Composer, dies at 83
- 1915George William Louis Marshall-Hall: Composer, dies at 53
- 1938Vladimir M Kirshon: Russian playwright, executed at 35
- 1939Witold Maliszewski: Composer, dies at 65
- 1941Dionyssios Lavrangas: Composer, dies at 80
- 1944George A Hartland: English MP (Norwich 1931-35), dies at 60
- 1950Carl Clinton Van Doren: US literary (The Nation), dies at 64
- 1956Willem J A Kerncamp: Dutch overseas minister (Islam & Woman), dies at 57
- 1958Henry Farman: French aviation pioneer (double decker), dies at 84