Events on Jul 23

• 0636Arabs gain control of most of Palestine from Byzantine Empire
• 0685John V begins his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1253Jews are expelled from Vienne France by order of Pope Innocent III
• 1298Jews are massacred at Wurzburg Germany
• 1298Rindfleish Persecutions-Jewish community Wurzburg Germany annihilated
• 1403Battle of Shrewsbury fought by Percys against King Henry IV
• 1431Council of Basel opens
• 1431G Cesarini opens Counsel of Basel (Ferrara / Florence)
• 1453Battle at Gavere: Philip the Good beats Gentse rebellion
• 1532Karel I and evangelical monarchy signs Peace of Neurenberg
• 1558Battle at Grevelingen: General / Earl Lamoraal van Egmont beat France
• 1572Willem van Oranges troops occupy Roermond on the Spanjaarden
• 1594Groningen surrenders to Earl Mauritius / Willem Louis
• 1645Aleksei Mihailovitch Romanov succeeds his father Michael as Czar
• 16644 British ships to drive Dutch out of NY, arrive in Boston
• 1726Benjamin Franklin sails back to Philadelphia
• 1745Charles Stuart, the Younger, lands at Eriskay Island, Hebrides
• 1764James Otis publishes views on taxation without representation
• 1798Napoleon captures Alexandria, Egypt
• 1812Battle of Mogilev Russia-Napolean fights Czar Alexander I
• 18271st US swim school opens (Boston, Massachusetts)
• 1829William Austin Burt patents "typographer" (typewriter)
• 1834HMS Beagle anchors in Bay of Valparaiso
• 1840Union Act passed by British Parliament, uniting Upper and Lower Canada
• 1848Battle of Custoza-Italian War of Independence, starts
• 185017th Postmaster General: Nathan K Hall of New York takes office
• 1851Treaty of Traverse des Sioux signed by Sioux Indians and US
• 18521st interment in US National Cemetery at Presidio
• 1858Jewish Disabilities Removal Act passed by British Parliament
• 1863Alexandra Park opens in North London

Born on Jul 23

• 1339Louis I: Duke of Anjou / King of Naples (Battle at Poitiers)
• 1401Francesco Sfoza: Soldier
• 1659Antonius Schultingh [Schultingius]: Dutch lawyer
• 1735Johannes Herbst: Composer
• 1769Alexey Nikolayevich Titov: Composer
• 1773Karl Ludwig Hellwig: Composer
• 1793Joseph Hartmann Stuntz: Composer
• 1796Franz Adolf Berwald: Sweden -- Composer
• 1803Johann Vesque von Puttlingen: Composer
• 1806Eduard Marxsen: Composer
• 1816Charlotte Sanders Cushman: United States -- Actress (Lady MacBeth)
• 1822Darius Nash Couch: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1897
• 1823Coventry Kersey Dighton Patmore: English poet
• 1824Gabriel Colvin Wharton: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1906
• 1825Richard Hol: Dutch composer / Organist / conductor
• 1827Pieter Caland: Dutch hydraulic engineer (New Waterway)
• 1828Jonathan Hutchinson: Surgeon / Scientist
• 1834James "Cardinal" Gibbons: Archbishop of Baltimore
• 1838Edouard [Judas] Colonne: Composer / violinist
• 1841Edward John Armstrong: Poet
• 1849Geza Zichy: Composer
• 1853William H Gillette: Actor (Sherlock Holmes on stage)
• 1856Arthur H Bird: Composer
• 1856Bal Gangadhar Tilak: British-Indian Hindi leader
• 1857French [M J Francois] Erens: Lawyer / literary (Pursue Years)
• 1861Alexander W F Idenburg: Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies (1909-16)
• 1876William Gillies Whittaker: Composer
• 1884Albert Warner: US producer (Warner Bros)
• 1884Apolinary Szeluto: Composer
• 1884Emil Jannings: Germany -- Actor (Faust, Passion, Blue Angel)

Died on Jul 23

• 0945Richarius: Bishop of Luik (922-45)
• 1373Birgitta van Sweden: Swedish saint
• 1403Henry Percy [Harry Hotspur]: Killed in battle at 39
• 1568Don Carlos: Son of Spanish King Philip II, dies at about 23
• 1581Georges Lalaing: Viceroy of Friesland
• 1645Michael Fjodorovitsj: Tsar of Russia (1613-45) / 1st Romanov
• 1685Pietro Reggio: Composer, dies at 53
• 1690Richard Gibson: Minature painter
• 1757Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti: Italian Composer (La Silvia), dies at 71
• 1803Arthur Wolfe: 1st viscount Kilwarden / Chief Justice of Ireland, murdered
• 1816Elizabeth Hamilton: Author (Cats: A Celebration), dies at 68
• 1829Wojciech Boguslawski: Composer, dies at 72
• 1840Frantisek Max Knize: Composer, dies at 55
• 1844Christian Gobrecht: 4th US chief engraver (1840-44), dies in office
• 1866Thomas Forbes Walmisley: Composer, dies at 83
• 1875Isaac Merritt Singer: Inventor (sewing machine), dies at 63
• 1878Miguel Hilarion Eslava y Elizondo: Composer, dies at 70
• 1885Ulysses S Grant: 18th US pres, dies at 63 in Mount McGregor, New York
• 1904John Simon: Public health pioneer
• 1905Jean-Jacques: Painter
• 1909Ernest F Cambier: Bel colonial pioneer (1st Congo railway), dies at 65
• 1909Zygmunt Noskowski: Composer, dies at 63
• 1916William Ramsey: Chemist
• 1927Saad Zaghlul: Egyptian parliament chairman, dies at 74
• 1930Glenn Hammond Curtiss: Aviation pioneer / airplane builder, dies at 52
• 1933Max Schillings: German Composer / conductor (Mona Lisa), dies at 65
• 1942Nikola J Vaptsarov: Bulgaria Poet / communist, executed at 32
• 1943Emanuel Querido: Publisher (Sobibor)
• 1943Meijer de Hond [Emanuel Querido]: Rabbi (Sobibor)
• 1944Bernard M Cohen: Attorney, killed at Belsen concentration camp

Historical events on July 24

• 1487Citizens of Leeuwarden Netherlands rebel against ban on foreign beer
• 1534Jacques Cartier, lands in Canada, claims it for France
• 1554Queen Maria of England marries Philip, King of Naples / Jerusalem
• 1567Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate and 1-year-old James VI becomes King of Scotland
• 1577Spanish army / German mercenaries conquer Namur
• 1577Treason of Don Juan in Brussels
• 1581States of Holland / Zealand recognized by Willem van Orange
• 1651Anthony Johnson, a free black, receives grant of 250 acres in Virginia
• 16831st settlers from Germany to US, leave aboard Concord
• 1692French defeat William III of England at Steinkirk (Enghein)
• 1701Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac found trading post at Ft Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit
• 1704English and Dutch troops occupy Gibraltar
• 1712Battle at Denain: France under Villars beat Dutch army
• 1745Bonnie Prince Charlie becomes King James VIII
• 1758George Washington admitted to Virginia House of Burgess
• 1783Georgia becomes a protectorate of tsarist Russia
• 1793France passes 1st copyright law
• 1799William Clark (of Lewis & Clark) is willed the slave York
• 1824Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of 1st public opinion poll. Clear lead for Andrew Jackson
• 1833HMS Beagle departs Maldonado Uruguay
• 1847Brigham Young and his Mormon followers arrive at Salt Lake City, Utah
• 1847Rotary-type printing press patents by Richard March Hoe, New York City
• 1851Window tax abolished in Britain
• 1861Skirmish at Taylor Mountain, (W)VA - CS General Wise retreats
• 1863Battle at Battle Mountain, Virginia
• 1864Battle of Winchester, VA US1200 CS600
• 1866Tennessee becomes 1st Confederate state readmitted to Union
• 18701st trans-US rail service begins
• 18771st time federal troops are used to combat strikers
• 1883Arabi Pasha declares a holy war in Egypt

Born on July 24

• 1380Johannes van Capestrano: Italian Saint
• 1720Louise Ulrike: Queen of Sweden / Wife of Adolf Frederik
• 1738Elizabeth "Betje" Wolff-Bekker: Dutch author / poet (Sara Burgerhart)
• 1759Victor Emmanuel I: King of Sardinia (1802-21)
• 1796Herman van Sonsbeeck: Dutch lawyer / Statesman
• 1796John Middleton Clayton: Delaware, United States -- (Sen-Delaware) / US Secretary of State (1849-50)
• 1798John Adams Dix: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1879
• 1802Ira Aldridge: Famous African
• 1803Alexander Jackson Davis: United States -- Architect (gothic revivalist)
• 1817Adolf WAKF: Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890-1905)
• 1818Felix Godefroid: Composer
• 1827Julius Adolph de Lagnel: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1912
• 1832Johann Christoph Lauterbach: Violinist
• 1841Raimundo Madrazo y Garretta: Painter
• 1857Henrik Pontoppidan: Denmark -- Writer (Promised Country, Nobel 1917)
• 1858Wolfgang Kapp: German politician (Kapp Putsch 1920)
• 1862Johan A de Sleeve [Adwaita]: Philosopher / classical / poet (Brahman)
• 1864B[enjamin] Frank[lin] Wedekind: German writer (Lulu)
• 1864Michel Gaston Carraud: Composer
• 1865Frank Wedekind: Writer
• 1867Frederic Benson: Novelist
• 1870Fred Law Olmsted, Jr.: Architect / landscaper
• 1878Lord Dunsany [Edward JMD Plunkett]: Irish sci-fi writer (Time & Gods)
• 1880Ernest Bloch: Geneva, Switzerland -- Composer (MacBeth)
• 1884Abraham Rutgers: Dutch Governor (Suriname, 1928-33)
• 1885Desider Antalffy-Zsiross: Hungarian Organist / composer
• 1886Junichiro Tanizaki: Japan -- Writer (Snow Dusting)
• 1894Walter Schulthess: Composer
• 1896Hermann Kasack: German writer (Die Stadt hinter dem Strom)
• 1897Elmar Berkovich: Hungarian / Dutch designer (Eindhoven Theatre)

Died on July 24

• 1652Johann Weichmann: Composer, dies at 32
• 1712Cornelis Earl of Nassau: General Major / mister of Woudenberg
• 1739Benedetto Marcello: Composer, dies on 53rd birthday
• 1756George Vertue: Engraver
• 1758John Dyer: Poet
• 1809Johann Gottfried Eckard: Composer, dies at 74
• 1812Joseph Schuster: Composer, dies at 63
• 1819Sophie Gail: Composer, dies at 43
• 1826Jacob Kimball: Composer, dies at 65
• 1831Maria Agata Szymanowska: Composer, dies at 41
• 1837Charles Hodges: English / Dutch portrait Painter
• 1842John Sell Cotman: Landscape painter
• 1846Joseph Leopold Eybler: Austrian Composer / choir master, dies at 81
• 1846Louis Napoleon: French King of the Netherlands (1806-10), dies at 67
• 1862Martin Van Buren: 8th President (1837-41), dies in Kinderhook New York at 79
• 1865Johan Filip von Schantz: Composer, dies at 30
• 1868George Cattermole: Painter / illustrator
• 1876Thomas Molleson Mudie: Composer, dies at 66
• 1883Matthew Webb: English Channel swimmer, drowns above Niagara Falls
• 1900Ferdinand Hamet: Dutch Missionary in Mongolia, murdered at 59
• 1931Marie WF Treub: Dutch economist / Minister of finance, dies at 75
• 1933Max von Schillings: Composer, dies at 65
• 1936James Philip Dunn: Composer, dies at 52
• 1944Jan Postma: Leader of illegal Dutch party (CPN), executed at 49
• 1947Ernest Austin: Composer, dies at 72
• 1954Mary Church Terrell: Educator / civil rights leader, dies at 90
• 1957Sacha Guitry: Actor / playwright / director (Lovers & Thieves), dies at 72
• 1960Carl Deis: Composer, dies at 77
• 1960Hans Albers: German actor (Blue Angel), dies at 68
• 1962Victor Moore: Comedian, dies of heart attack at 86

Events on Jul 25

• 0841Battle at Fontenay: Louis and Charles beat their brother Lotharius I
• 1139Count Alfonso I of Portugal becomes King
• 1215Frederik II (20) crowned King of German
• 1261Byzantium Emperor Michael VIII recaptures Constantinople
• 1360Jews are expelled from Breslau Silesia
• 1511Portugese assault on city Malakka attack
• 1521About 300 heretics burned in Vrijdagmarkt Gent
• 1564Maximilian II succeeds his father Ferdinand II as RC Emperor
• 1570Battle at Arnay-le-Duc Bourgundy: Huguenots-French government army
• 1585Amsterdam bans 45 roman catholics
• 1652Nikita Minin becomes patriarch of Russian-orthodox church
• 1670Austrian Emperor Leopold I expels 4,000 Jews from Vienna
• 1670Vienna Austria expels Jews
• 1689France declares war on England
• 1729North Carolina becomes a royal colony
• 1775Maryland issues currency depicting George III trampling Magna Carta
• 1792Dutch patriots exiles finds "Bataafs Legion"
• 1799French-Egyptian forces under Napolean I beat Turks at Battle of Abukir
• 1814George Stephenson introduced the 1st steam locomotive
• 18321st railroad accident in US, Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass-1 dies
• 18481st battle at Custozza: Austrians under Radetzky beat Italian
• 1850Gold discovered in Oregon (Rogue River)
• 18601st US intercollegiate billiard match (Harvard vs. Yales)
• 1861Skirmish at Fort Fillmore, NM Terr - Rebels attack Union troops
• 186625th Postmaster General: Alexander W Randall of Wis takes office
• 1866David Faragut appointed as 1st Admiral of US Navy
• 1866US Grant named 1st general of Army
• 1868US Congress forms Wyoming Territory (Dakota, Utah & Idaho)
• 1871Carousel patents by Wilhelm Schneider, Davenport, Iowa
• 18981st US troops land and occupy Puerto Rice, at Guanica Bay

Born on Jul 25

• 0975Thietmar: Bishop of Merseburg, German chronicler
• 1109Afonso I [the Conqueror]: King of Portugal (1143-85)
• 1404Philips van Saint-Pol: Duke of Brabant
• 1517Jacques Peletier [du Mans]: French poet / Scientist
• 1575Christoph Scheiner: Germany -- Astronomer
• 1579Valerius Otto: Composer
• 1626Geeraerdt Brandt: Dutch theologist / poet / historian
• 1654Agostino Steffani: Composer
• 1657Philipp Heinrich Erlebach: Composer
• 1683Pieter Langendijk: Painter / etcher / playwright (Wiskunstenaars)
• 1691Alessandro Galilei: Italian architect (Cappella Corsini)
• 1715Immanuel J Pyra: German poet (Temple of Real poetry)
• 1761Charlotte von Kalb: German writer
• 1772Gottlob Benedikt Bierey: Composer
• 1775Anna Symmes Harrison: Ohio, United States -- 9th 1st lady (1841)
• 1778Heinrich Gebhard: Composer
• 1780Christian Theodor Weinlig: Composer
• 1786Giacomo Cordella: Composer
• 1795James Barry: Female disguised as a man, Surgeon General (British army)
• 1804Carlo Boncompagni di Mombello: Italian Minister of Education
• 1816Christian B Freiherr von Tauchnitz: German publisher (T Edition)
• 1822Schuyler Hamilton: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1903
• 1824Richard James Oglesby: Union (Union volunteers), died in 1899
• 1832Simon Hassler: Composer
• 1840Flora Adams Darling: Founded Daughters of American Revolution
• 1848Arthur Earl Balfour: (C), British Prime Minister (1902-05) (Balfour Declaration)
• 1855Edward Solomon: Composer
• 1865Jac[obus] P Thijsse: Dutch biologist / educator (Contact with Plants)
• 1866Frederick Frost Blackman: English Botanist
• 1867Max Dauthendy: German painter / author (Ewige Hochzeit)

Died on Jul 25

• 0306Gaius Flavius V Constantius: Under-Emperor of Rome 297-306
• 1471John Soreth: French General
• 1492Innocent VII [Giovanni B Cibo]: Italian Pope (1484-92)
• 1539Lorenzo Campeggieast: Archbishop of Bologna / diplomat, dies at 65
• 1564Ferdinand I: German Emperor (1558-64), dies at 61
• 1570Ivan Viskovati: Chancellor of Russia, executed
• 1580Baltazar Alvarez: Spanish Jesuit / writer, dies at 47
• 1593Steven Haghen: Navigator / Governor of Ambon (1617-18), dies at 61
• 1616Andreas Libavius: German alchemist
• 1624Steven van der Haghen: Admiral / gov on Ambon 1617-8, dies at about 61
• 1675Nicolas Saboly: Composer, dies at 61
• 1721Geleyn Evertsen: Lieutenant Admiral of Zealand, dies at 66
• 1739Johannes van der Hagen: Vicar / genealogy / chronologist, dies at 73
• 1759Johann C Altnikol: German Organist / klavecinist / composer, dies at 39
• 1759Theodoor Verhaegen: Flemish sculptor
• 1804William Forsyth: English gardening expert (Forsythia)
• 1814Charles Dibdin: Composer, dies at 69
• 1834S T Coleridge: Writer, dies at 61
• 1834Samuel Taylor Coleridge: British poet, dies at 61
• 1853Joaquin Murietta: Chilian / Us military man, murdered
• 1857Joseph Napoleon Ney Moskova: Composer, dies at 54
• 1864Clement Hoffman Stevens: Us banker / inventor / Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 42
• 1866Aloys Schmitt: German music theory / Composer / royal pianist
• 1911Filippo Capocci: Composer, dies at 71
• 1912Lawrence Alma Tadema: Dutch / British painter, dies at 76
• 1918Franiska zu Reventlow: Writer, dies at 47
• 1922Jarolslaw Zielinski: Composer, dies at 75
• 1927Matilde Serao [Tuffolina]: Italian writer (Land of Cockayne)
• 1934Engelbert Dollfuss: Austrian chancellor assassinated by Nazis
• 1946Narziss Oh: German psychology