Events on Jul 30
- 0579Benedict I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0657St. Vitalian begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Eugene I
- 1178Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, crowned King of Burgundy
- 1419Anti-Catholic Hussites, followers of executed Reformer Jan Hus, stormtown hall in Prague and throw Catholic councillors out the windows
- 1537Resistant of Bomy: French / Dutch cease fire
- 1601Spanish garrison of Rhine birch surrenders to Earl Mauritius
- 1619House of Burgesses Virginia forms, 1st elective US governing body
- 1626Earthquake hits Naples; 10,000 die
- 1646English parliament sets King Charles I Newcastle Propositions
- 1650Prince Willem II occupies Amsterdam
- 1653Johan de Witt sworn in as pension advisor of Holland
- 1655Dutch troops occupy Fort Assahudi Seram
- 1678English troops lands in Flanders
- 1715Spanish gold and silver fleet disappears off St. Lucie, Florida
- 1729City of Baltimore founded
- 1733Society of Freemasons opens 1st American lodge in Boston
- 1739Caspar Wistar begins glass manufacturing in Allowaystown, New Jersey
- 1775Captain Cook with Resolution returns to England
- 1809English invasion army lands in Walcheren
- 1822James Varick becomes 1st Bishop of African Meth Episcopal Zion Church
- 1826Java Prince Dipo Negoro surprise attacks Dutch colony, 82 killed
- 18361st English newspaper published in Hawaii
- 1839Slave rebels, take over slaver Amistad
- 18441st US yacht club organized, New York Yacht Club
- 1863President Lincoln issues "eye-for-eye" order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot
- 1864Battle of Chambersburg, PA - burned by Union forces under McCausland
- 1864Battle of the Crater: General Burnsides fails on attack of Petersburg
- 1864Confederate troops attack Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in fire
- 1865Pope Pius IX visits Suriname
- 1866Race riot in New Orleans
Born on Jul 30
- 1747Antonio Benedetto Maria Puccini: Composer
- 1763Samuel Rogers: English poet (Italy, a poem)
- 1793Josepf Francois Snel: Composer
- 1815Thomas Jackson Rodman: Bvt Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
- 1817Charles Radoux-Rogier: Composer
- 1824Eugenio Terziani: Composer
- 1831Helene P Blavatsky: Founder (Theosophist Cooperation)
- 1837Elon John Farnsworth: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1838Eugen Richter: German parliament member (Liberal)
- 1855James Edward Kelly: United States -- Sculptor "Sculptor of American History"
- 1855Wilhelm von Siemens: German industrialist
- 1856Richard B Haldane: British viscount / lord-chancellor (Life of A Smith)
- 1857Thorstein Veblen: United States -- Economist (Theory of the Leisure Class-1899)
- 1868Alfred Weber: German economist / sociologist
- 1872Clementine: Princess of Belgium, Wife of Prince Napoleon Bonaparte
- 1875James William Tate: Composer
- 1880Robert Rutherford McCormick: United States -- Editor / publisher (Chicago Tribune)
- 1882Holmes Herbert: Mansfield, England -- Actor (The Kiss)
- 1882Leo van Puyfielde: Flemish art historian
- 1886Johan Algot Haquinius: Composer
- 1887Felix A Vening Meinesz: Dutch geophysicist (gravity)
- 1887Timothy Mara: NFL owner (New York Giants)
- 1888Raden Sutomo: Indonesian freedom fighter
- 1889Vladimir K Zworykin: USSR -- Electronics engineer / inventor (father of TV)
- 1897Jacques de Kadt: Dutch politician / writer (Fascism is War!)
- 1898Henry Moore: England, United Kingdom -- Sculptor (Vertebrae)
- 1899Gerald Moore: England, United Kingdom -- Pianist (Am I Too Loud)
- 1899Henricus Moorman: Dutch Vice-Admiral (KVP)
- 1899John Woods Duke: Composer
- 1906Serafin Pro: Composer
Died on Jul 30
- 0579Benedict I: Italian Pope (575-79)
- 1516Johan V Nassau: Earl of Nassau-Vianden / Dietz
- 1652John Cloppenburg: Vicar / theologist, dies at 68
- 1655Sigmund Theophil Staden: Composer, dies at 47
- 1718William Penn: English Quaker / colonizer (No cross, no crown)
- 1727Franz Weichlein: Composer, dies at 67
- 1741Wierich PL count von Daun: Governor-General of Austria and Netherlands
- 1781Augustin Ullinger: Composer, dies at 35
- 1796Nicolas the Pigage: French classical architect
- 1832Jean-A-C Chaptal: French chemist / Internal minister
- 1863George Crockett Strong: US Union General Major, dies of injuries at 29
- 1865George Wright: US Union Brigadier General, dies at 61
- 1898Otto von Bismarck: German "Iron" chancellor, dies at 83
- 1903Servas Daems [Peeter Klein]: Flem writer (Wheelbarrows), dies at 65
- 1912Mutsuhito: 122nd Emperor of Japan (1867-1912), dies at 60
- 1918Chaim Soloveitchik: Rabbi of Brisk, talmudic scholar
- 1927Robert Marquies de Flers: French writer (Monsieur Bretonneau)
- 1936Adolf Philipp: Composer, dies at 72
- 1943Benjamin James Dale: Composer, dies at 58
- 1957Sem Dresden: Dutch Composer / conductor, dies at 76
- 1958Alexander Albrecht: Composer, dies at 72
- 1962Myron McCormick: Actor (China Girl, Jigsaw), dies of cancer at 54
- 1965Junichiro Tanizaki: Japanese writer (Key), dies at 79
- 1966Edward G Craig: English actor / director (On Art of Theatre), dies at 94
- 1967Alfried Krupp: German industrialist, dies at 59
- 1967John Macchia: Actor (Beach Blanket Bingo), dies of a stroke at 35
- 1968Jon Leifs: Composer, dies at 69
- 1970George Szell: Hungarian / US conductor (Cleveland Orch), dies at 73
- 1973Erich Katz: Composer, dies at 72
- 1973Guy Middleton: Actor (Fur Collar, Now & Forever), dies at 65
Historical events on July 31
- 0432St. Sixtus III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0768[Philip] begins and ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0904Saraceens hijacker Leo van Tripoli occupies and plunders Thessalonica
- 1291Egyptian Mamelukken occupies Akko, crusaders driven out of Palestine
- 1498Christopher Columbus discovers island of Trinidad
- 1588English fleet beats Spanish Armada
- 1620Pilgrim Fathers depart (through England) to America
- 1653Fronde-leaders surrender in Bordeaux
- 1658Aurangzeb appoints himself Mongol Emperor
- 1667Peace of Breda: 2nd English war-Suriname vs. New-Netherlands ends
- 1737Prince Frederick of Wales escapes English court
- 1751Fire in Stockholm destroys 1,000 houses
- 1774Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen
- 1777Marquis de Lafayette, 19, made major-general of Continental Army
- 17901st US patent granted, to Samuel Hopkins for a potash process
- 1792Cornerstone laid for 1st US government building: US Mint in Philadelphia
- 1794All Jacobijnse clubs together in Haarlem
- 18091st practical US railroad track (wooden, for horse-drawn cars), Philadelphia
- 1813British invade Plattsburgh, New York
- 1830Charles X of France resigns by force
- 1849Benjamin Chambers patents breech loading cannon
- 18619,300 mm rainfall in July in Cherrapunji, Assam: world record
- 1864Ulysses S Grant is named General of Volunteers
- 1874Patrick Francis Healy, SJ, inaugurated as President of Georgetown University
- 1893Henry Perky patents shredded wheat
- 1900Boer Generals Prinsloo and Roux surrenders in Brandwater Basin
- 1901Abraham Kuyper becomes Premier of the Netherlands
- 1905Matumbi rebellion at Samanga German East Africa
- 1910Chicago Cub King Cole no-hits St. Louis, 4-0 in a 7 inning game
- 1910Clement van Maasdijk gives flying demonstration
Born on July 31
- 1396Philips [the Good]: Duke of Burgundy / Brabant / Limburg / count
- 1443Albrecht III of Saxon-Meisen: Duke of Saxon
- 1527Maximilian II: German King / Emperor (1564-76)
- 1550Jakob Handl [Petelin]: Austrian composer / bandmaster
- 1578Catharina Belgica of Nassau: Daughter of Willem of Orange
- 1597Sebastian Stosskopf: Elzassisch painter, baptized
- 1629Johann Jakob Lowe von Eisenach: Composer
- 1654Jacob Hop: Dutch politician / diplomat
- 1704Gabriel Cramer: Switzerland -- Mathematician (paradox of Cramer)
- 1743August R van Hekeren van Suideras: Dutch orangist
- 1748Isaac Ouwater: Amsterdam painter / cartoonist
- 1767Amelie Julia Candielle: Composer
- 1803John Ericsson: United States -- Inventor (screw propeller) / shipbuilder-USS Monitor
- 1808Frederick Nichols Crouch: Composer
- 1816George Henry Thomas: Major General (Union Army), died in 1870
- 1817Philip Cook, Jr.: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1894
- 1818Heinrich Kiepert: German cartographer / geographer
- 1825Thomas Hart Taylor: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
- 1828Francois Auguste Gevaert: Belgian composer (Le diable au moulin)
- 1830Frantisek Zdenek Xavier Alois Skuhersky: Composer
- 1834Peter H Hugenholtz: Dutch Reformer / founder (Free Parish)
- 1837William Clarke Quantrill: Colonel (Confederate Army), died in 1865
- 1841George Melville: Polar explorer, naval engineer
- 1844Ignazio Guidi: Italian orientalist / archaeologist
- 1847Ignatio Cervantes: Composer
- 1848Jean Robert Planquette: France -- Composer (Bells of Corneville)
- 1854Jose Canalejas contributes Mendez: Premier of Spain (1910-12)
- 1882Grete Gulbransson: Writer
- 1884Karl F Goerdeler: Mayor (Leipzig) "July 20th Plot"
- 1886Constant Permeke: Flemish painter / statues artist (Sow)
Died on July 31
- 1358Etienne Marcel: French textile Merchant / Reformer / Boer leader
- 1556Ignatius Loyola: Spanish founder (Jesuit), dies at about 65
- 1556St Ignatius of Loyola: Founder of Society of Jesus, dies in Rome
- 1648Benedictus J van Haeften: Poet (Regia thru Crucis), dies at about 60
- 1693Willem Calf: Rotterdams still life painter, dies at 73
- 1750Johan V: King of Portugal
- 1784Denis Diderot: French writer / philosopher (Jacques le fataliste)
- 1790Johann Christian Frischmuth: Composer, dies at 48
- 1795Jose B da Gama: Portuguese Poet (East Uraguay), dies at 54
- 1811Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla: Mexican hero priest, executed by Spanish
- 1864Louis Hachette: French publisher, dies at 64
- 1875Andrew Johnson: 17th pres, dies in Tennessee at 66
- 1886Franz von Liszt [Ferencz]: Hungarian pianist / composer, dies at 74
- 1891Jean-Baptist Capronnier: French / Belgian painter, dies at 77
- 1932Francesco Paolo Neglia: Composer, dies at 58
- 1940Whitney Krakower: US gangster, murderrd by "Bugsy" Siegel
- 1942Francis E Younghusband: British journalist / explorer, dies at 79
- 1948Maria "Marie" Hens: Flemish actress (Female Revue), dies at 70
- 1951J of Oudshoorn [John K Feylbrief]: Writer (Maze of Sentences)
- 1953Robert Taft: (Sen-R-Oh) "Mr Republican", dies in New York at 63
- 1960Karl Hasse: Composer, dies at 77
- 1964Jim Reeves: US country singer, dies in air crash at 39
- 1965James Rennie: Actor (Wilson, Skylark, Illicit), dies at 75
- 1966Alex E von Falkenhausen: German General, dies at 87
- 1967Mario Varvoglis: Composer, dies at 81
- 1967Richard Kuhn: German chemist
- 1968Gertrude Short: Actress (Stella Dallas, Blonde Venus), dies at 66
- 1972Paul-Henri Spaak: Belgian Premier / Secretary-General (NATO, 1957-61), dies at 73
- 1977Stacy Moskowitz: Shot to death by Son of Sam, at 20
- 1978Carleton Percy Hobbs: Actor (I Claudius, Dark Places), dies at 80
Events on Aug 1
- 0527Justinianus I succeeds Justinus I as Emperor of Byzantium
- 0860Peace of Koblenz: Charles the Bare, Louis the German and Lotharius II
- 0902Aghlabidisch emir Ibrahim II destroys Taormina, Sicily
- 1021Synod of Pavia: Emperor Henry II convicts married priest
- 1086English barons become submissive to King Willem the Occupier
- 1177Peace Treaty of Venice: Emperor Frederik I and Pope Alexander III
- 1203Alexius IV Angelus appointed co-regent of Byzantium
- 1291Everlasting League forms, basis of Swiss Confederation (Independence)
- 1404Earl Engelbert I of Nassau marries Johanna of Poland
- 1485Henry (VII) Tudors army sails to England
- 1498Christopher Columbus lands on "Isla Santa" (Venezuela)
- 1588English Admiral Howard van Effingham beats Spanish Armada
- 1589Murder attempt by Monk Jacques Clement on French King Hendrik III
- 16191st black Americans (20) land at Jamestown, Virginia
- 1626Earl Earnest Casimir conquerors Oldenzaal
- 1628Emperor Ferdinand II demands Austria Protestant convert to Catholicism
- 1690Battle at Staffarda: French army beats Victor Amadeus van Savoye
- 1711Surrounded Czar Peter the Great flees Azov
- 1714Monarch Georg Ludwig becomes King George I of England
- 17161st sculling race (London Bridge to Chelsea)
- 1732Foundation laid for Bank of England
- 1759Battle at Minden, Westfalen: Ferdinand van Brunswick beats France
- 1774Priestly discovers oxygen
- 1780Sweden declares neutrality
- 1781English army under general Cornwallis occupies Yorktown, Virginia
- 1785Caroline Herschel becomes 1st woman discoverer of a comet
- 1789US Customs begins enforcing Tariff Act
- 17901st US census (population of 3,939,214; 697,624 are slaves)
- 1793France becomes 1st country to use the metric system
- 1794Whiskey Rebellion begins
Born on Aug 1
- 0126Publius Helvius Pertinax: Roman Emperor (193 AD)
- 0848Frantisek Kmoch: Composer
- 1322Peter van Herenthals: South Netherlands theologist / church historian
- 1495Jan Scorel: Dutch painter / architect
- 1520Sigismund II Augustus: King of Poland (1548-72)
- 1659Antoine Mouque: Composer
- 1685Pietro Giuseppe Sandoni: Composer
- 1686Benedetto Marcello: Italian author / composer (Lettera Famigliare)
- 1714Richard Wilson: Welsh landscape painter
- 1744Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Antoine Monnet de Lamarck: French zoologist
- 1753Charles: England, United Kingdom -- 3rd Earl Stanhope, radical politician / Scientist
- 1755Giuseppe Antonio Capuzzi: Composer
- 1766Ignaz Anton Franz Xavier Ladurner: Pianist / composer
- 1766Jeffrey Wyatville: Architect
- 1770William Clark: Charlottsville, Virginia -- 2nd lt of Lewis & Clark Expedition
- 1786Louis C Luzac: Judge / Dutch Internal minister
- 1814Maxcy Gregg: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862
- 1815Richard Henry Dana: Novelist / lawyer spent 2 years before mast
- 1818Maria Mitchell: 1st US woman astronomer on Nantucket Island
- 1824Edward Francis Fitzwilliam: Composer
- 1840Aldine Sillman Kieffer: Composer
- 1843Robert Todd Lincoln: Captain (Union volunteers), died in 1926
- 1847Guido Papini: Violinist / composer
- 1858Hans Rott: Composer
- 1858Paul Barth: German philosopher / sociologist
- 1862Montague Rhodes James: Scholar / author / editor
- 1863Gaston Doumergue: Premier / President of France (1913..34)
- 1867William Orlamond: Denmark -- Actor (Flesh & Devil, Wind)
- 1871Oskar Fried: Composer
- 1877Charlotte Hughes: 1990 (oldest person in Great Britain)
Died on Aug 1
- 0527Justinus I: Byzantine Emperor (518-27)
- 1137Louis VI: King of France, dies (1108-37)
- 1190Floris III: Count of Holland
- 1457Laurentius Valla: Italian philosopher (Voluptate), dies at about 50
- 1628Francesco Gonzaga: Composer, dies at 37
- 1667Paul Foot: Lawyer / historian, dies at 48
- 1714Anne Stuart: Queen of England (1702-14), dies at about 49
- 1805Friedrich Christoph Gebtewitz: Composer, dies at 51
- 1813Carl Stenborg: Composer, dies at 60
- 1821Elizabeth Inchbald (Simpson): Actress / Author (Lady Abbess), dies at 68
- 1834Robert Morrison: Missionary in China / translated bible
- 1837Walter Geikie: Painter
- 1846Peter Ritter: Composer, dies at 83
- 1857Charles Turner: Engraver
- 1882Henry Clarence Kendall: Australian poet, dies of tuberculosis at 43
- 1883Karl Wilhelm Dindorf: Classic scholar
- 1884Heinrich Laube: Writer
- 1902Ludwig Beckmann: Painter
- 1911Konrad Duden: German linguist (Das grosse Duden Lexicon)
- 1920Bal Gangadhar Tilak: British-Indian hindu leader
- 1922Vaclav Juda Novotny: Composer, dies at 72
- 1925John Pieter Veth: Painter / lithographer / etcher / writer, dies at 61
- 1934Piotr Maszynski: Composer, dies at 79
- 1943Ismar Elbogen: German / US learned / rabbi (Jewish Lexicon), dies at 68
- 1946Andrei Vlasov: Russian General (Red Army, Wehrmacht) executed at 45
- 1954Charles-A Cingria: Writer
- 1962Leon Kruczkowski: Polish Author (Niemcy), dies at 62
- 1963Theodore Roethke: US Poet (Praise to the end!)
- 1964Johnny Burnette: Rocker, drowns at 30
- 1965Kiyoshi Nobutoki: Composer, dies at 77