Events on Aug 18

• 1289Pope Nicolaus IV publishes degree "Supra montem"
• 1564Spanish King Philip II joins Council of Trente
• 1572King Navarra Henri de Bourbon marries Margaretha van Valois
• 1686Cassini reports seeing a satellite orbiting Venus
• 1698Russian Czar Peter the Great arrives in Zaandam
• 1700Swedish, English and Dutch army lands on Seeland, Denmark
• 1735Evening Post begins publishing (Boston, Massachusetts)
• 1769Gunpowder in Brescia Italy church explodes, killing 3,000
• 1795Curacao Governor De Veer sends miltia to stop rebellious slaves
• 1817Gloucester, Mass, newspapers tells of wild sea serpent seen offshore
• 1834Mt Vesuvius erupts
• 1835Last Pottawatomie Indians leave Chicago
• 18381st US marine expedition
• 1840Organization of American Society of Dental Surgeons founded (NY)
• 1858Netherlands and Japan sign trade agreement
• 1862Sioux Indians begin uprising in Minnesota (it is later crushed)
• 18646th day of battle at Deep Bottom Run, Virginia: Confederate assault
• 1864Petersburg Campaign-Battle of Weldon Railroad day 1 of 3 days
• 1868Pierre Janssan discovers helium in solar spectrum during eclipse
• 1870Battle at Gravelotte Privat: Prussia beat France, 32,000 casualties
• 18721st mail-order catalog issued by A M Ward
• 1886Carr Baker Neel and Samuel Neel win US Lawn Tennis Association doubles
• 1891Hurricane hits Martinique, about 700 die
• 1894Congress creates Bureau of Immigration
• 1896Adolph Ochs (39) buys New York Times
• 1914French troops under general Dubail occupy Sarrebourg
• 1914President Wilson issues "Proclamation of Neutrality"
• 1915Braves Field opens in Boston to see Braves beat Cards 3-1
• 1917Dutch Naval Air Force forms (MLD)
• 1919Anti-Cigarette League of America forms in Chicago Illinois

Born on Aug 18

• 0472Flavius Ricimer: General of the Western Roman Empire, kingmaker
• 1450Marko Marulic / Marulus / Splichanin / Pechinich: Croatian poet
• 1579Charlotte Flandrina van Nassau: Daughter of Willem I of Orange
• 1587Virginia Dare: 1st English child born in New World
• 1587Virginia Dare: 1st American born of English parents
• 1745Vaclav Josef Bartolomej Praupner: Composer
• 1750Antonio Salieri: Italy -- Composer (Tatare)
• 1769Alexandre Stievenard: Composer
• 1774Meriwether Lewis: Charlottsville, Virginia -- Captain (Lewis & Clark Expedition)
• 1778Fabian Gottlieb von Bellinghausen: 1st to circumnavigate Antarctica
• 1792John: 1st Earl Russell, British Whig Prime Minister (1846-52, 1865-66)
• 1805Josef Danhauser: Austrian painter (Mutterliebe)
• 1807Charles Francis Adams: (Union), died in 1886
• 1813Benjamin Alvord: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1884
• 1818William Farquhar Barry: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1879
• 1823Willem J F Nuyens: Dutch Physician / RC historian
• 1834Marshall Field: Conway, Massachusetts -- Owner (Field Department Store)
• 1849Benjamin Louis Paul Godard: Composer
• 1856Charles Hutchison Gabriel: Composer
• 1856Jan Karol Gali: Composer
• 1871Johan J Arch: Graphic artist (wood cutter)
• 1873Leo Slezak: Austria -- Tenor / actor (Othello)
• 1873Otto Harbach: Songwriter (Smoke Gets in Your Eyes)
• 1875Johan E Elias: Historian (Amsterdam)
• 1878Fritz Brun: Composer
• 1881Hermann Karl Josef Zilcher: Composer
• 1882Eugeen Calleen: Flemish sculptor
• 1882Marcel Louis Auguste Samuel-Rousseau: Composer
• 1883Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel: French fashion designer (Chanel)
• 1887Nico J Polak: Dutch economist

Died on Aug 18

• 1227Genghis Khan: Mongol conqueror
• 1236Theodorus Van Celles: Monastery founder (Kruisheren)
• 1276Adrian V [Ottobono Fieschi]: Italian Pope (7 / 11-8 / 18 / 1276)
• 1503Alexander VI [Rodrigo de Borja]: Spanish Pope (1492-1503)
• 1559Paul IV [Giampietro Caraffa]: Pope (1555-59), dies at 83
• 1652Benjamin G Cuyp: Historical painter, dies at about 40
• 1765Frans I Stefanus: RC German Emperor (1745-65), dies at 56
• 1803James Beattie: Scottish Poet / philosopher (Essay on Truth), dies at 67
• 1811Johann Heinrich Zang: Composer, dies at 78
• 1840Antony CW Staring: Dutch patriot / Poet (Jaromir), dies at 73
• 1850H de Balzac: Writer, dies at 51
• 1853Peter Lichtenthal: Composer, dies at 73
• 1863Thomas Welsh: US Union Brigadier General (Antietam), dies at 39
• 1870Felix Salm-Salm: Prussian / US prince / Brigadier General, dies in battle
• 1894William Charles Levey: Composer, dies at 57
• 1896Frederick Nichols Crouch: Composer, dies at 88
• 1901Richard Kleinmichel: Composer, dies at 54
• 1907John Kerr: Physicist (magneto-optic Kerr-effect), dies at 82
• 1916Edward D Pain: English journalist (NY World), dies in battle at 36
• 1934Delilah L Beasley: US Author / columnist (Oakland Tribune), dies at 61
• 1942Erwin Schulhoff: Czech / Russian Composer / pianist, dies at 48
• 1943Hans Jeschonnek: German Air Force General / Chief of Staff, commits suicide
• 1949Paul J Mares: US jazz trumpetist / Composer (Tin Roof Blues), dies at 49
• 1950Julien Lahaut: Chairman Belgian Communist Party, murdered
• 1952Ralph Byrd: Actor (Dick Tracy TV Show), dies at 43
• 1957Wawrzyniec Jerzy Zulawski: Composer, dies at 41
• 1961Learned Hand: Chief judge of US court of Appeals, dies at 89
• 1961Leonhard Frank: Writer, dies at 78
• 1962Cleo Ridgely: Silent screen actress (I Remember Mama), dies at 68
• 1966Isaac Keesing: Dutch founder (System Keesing), dies at 80

Historical events on August 19

• 0440St. Sixtus III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1071Battle at Manzikert: Seldjuken Sultan Alp Arslan beats Byzantine King
• 1099Crusaders beat Saracens in Battle of Ascalon
• 1263King James I of Argon censors Hebrew writing
• 1399King Richard II of England surrenders to his cousin Henry
• 1458Aenea Silvio Piccolomini chosen Pope Pius II
• 1477Burgundy and acquires Burgundian possessions in the Netherlands and France
• 1477Maximilian I, Son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, weds Mary of
• 1493Maximilian I of Austria becomes Roman Catholic German Emperor
• 1561Mary Queen of Scots arrives in Leith Scotland to assume throne after spending 13 years in France
• 1587Sigismund III becomes King of Poland
• 1591French King Henri IV occupies Rouen
• 1627Prince Frederik Henry conquerors fort Groenlo
• 1691Battle at Szalankemen: Austrians beat Turks
• 16925 women executed for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts
• 1698Russian Czar Peter the Great begins term
• 1772Gustav III seizes effective control of Swedish government and restores full power of monarchy, which had been subordinate to parliament since 1720
• 1787W Herschel discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn
• 1791Benjamin Banneker published his 1st Almanac
• 1796Spain and France sign anti-English alliance
• 1812US warship Constitution defeats British warship Guerriere
• 1816Java again in Dutch hands
• 1821Failed liberal coup against French King Louis XVIII
• 1826Canada Co chartered to colonize Upper Canada (Ontario)
• 1836HMS Beagle anchors at Angra Azores
• 1849New York Herald reports gold discovery in California
• 1861Confederacy Congress allies with government of MI
• 18642nd day of battle at Globe Tavern, Virginia
• 18881st beauty contest (Spa, Belgium), 18 yr old West Indian wins
• 1891William Huggins describes astronomical application of spectrum

Born on August 19

• 1521Lodovico Guicciardini: Italian historian (Descrittione di Tutti)
• 1558Paulus Merula: Dutch lawyer / historian
• 1596Elisabeth Stuart: English Daughter of James I
• 1631John Dryden: 1st poet laureate of England (All for Love)
• 1646John Flamsteed: 1st astronomer royal of England
• 1686Antonio Tonelli: Composer
• 1689Samuel Richardson: English Novelist (Pamela)
• 1737Johann Georg Christoph Schetky: Composer
• 1743Marie Jeanne Becu comtesse du Barry: Last mistress of Louis XV
• 1756Anthony FRE Haersolte: Member of Executing Regime
• 1785Seth Thomas: Pioneer in mass production of clocks
• 1813William Henry Fry: Composer
• 1815John Porter McCown: Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1879
• 1816Julius PJA van Zuylen van Nyevelt: Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1824Georg Goltermann: Composer
• 1831Stephen Gano Burbridge: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1839Oskar Brefeld: German Botanist
• 1844Minna Canth: Finland -- Novelist / playwright (social evils)
• 1848Gustave Caillebotte: French shipbuilding design / painter (Rue de Paris)
• 1851Frans Schollaert: Belgian Premier (1908-11)
• 1858Edith Nesbit: England, United Kingdom -- Children books author (Railway Children)
• 1859Charles Comiskey: 1st basemen / manager (Chicago White Sox)
• 1859Hippolyte Delehaye: Flemish historian / hagiographer
• 1860John Kane: Scottish-born US primitivist painter (Self-Portrait)
• 1870Bernard Baruch: Financier / presidential adviser (Cold War)
• 1873Fred Stone: Longmont, Colorado -- Acrobat / Broadway actor (Alice Adams)
• 1885Elsie Ferguson: New York, United States -- Actress (Lie, Footlights, Scarlet Pages)
• 1885Werner Elert: German luthers theologist
• 1886Robert Heger: Composer
• 1889Arthur Waley: Sinologist, translator from Chinese and Japanese

Died on August 19

• 0440Sixtus III: Italian Pope (432-40)
• 0472Ricimer: Barbaars General
• 1493Frederick III of Innsbruck: German Emperor (1440-1493), dies at 77
• 1580Andrea Palladio: Architect / writer (Il Redentore, Venice), dies at 71
• 1601Michael the Brave: Ruler of Turkey
• 1650Abraham de Verwer: Painter, buried at about 55
• 1654Yom Tov Lipmann Heller: Rabbi / Author (Tosefot Yom Tov)
• 1719Karl H Freiherr von Canstein: German lawyer, dies at 52
• 1744Carlo Arrigoni: Composer, dies at 46
• 1753[Johann] Balthasar Neumann: German architect, dies at 66
• 1780Bernhard Haltenberger: Composer, dies at 32
• 1795Friedrich Hartmann Graf: Composer, dies at 67
• 1812Vincenzo Righini: Composer, dies at 56
• 1813Johann Carl Friedrich Rellstab: Composer, dies at 54
• 1813Josef Blazej Smrcek: Composer, dies at 61
• 1822Melchor Lopez Jimenez: Composer, dies at 62
• 1851Gioseffo Catrufo: Composer, dies at 80
• 1872Eugene-Prosper Prevost: Composer, dies at 63
• 1876George Smith: English assyriologist (script), dies at 36
• 1881Joseph Labitzky: Composer, dies at 79
• 1892Frantisek Zdenek Xavier Alois Skuhersky: Composer, dies at 62
• 1909Rembt THPLA of Boneval Faure: Lawyer / 1st-Member of parliament
• 1912Alfonse Hasselmans: Composer, dies at 67
• 1922Felipe Pedrell: Composer, dies at 81
• 1929Sergei P Diaghilev: Russia -- Dance master (Imperial Ballet), dies at 57
• 1944Henry J Wood: English conductor (My Life of Music, Proms), dies at 75
• 1947Ernst Laqueur: Dut chemist / psychologist (sexual hormones), dies at 67
• 1954Alcide de Gasperi: Italian Premier (1945..53), dies at 73
• 1958Antonius "Toon" Verhey: Violin cellist / conductor, dies at 63
• 1959Jacob Epstein: US / English Sculptor / painter, dies at 78

Events on Aug 20

• 0573Gregory of Tours selected Bishop of Tours
• 0917Battle at Anchialus: Bulgaria army counter attacks Byzantines
• 1191Crusader King Richard I kills 3,000 muslim prisoners in Akko
• 1534Turkish Admiral Chaireddin"Barbarossa" occupies Tunis
• 1566Iconoclasm reaches Antwerp Belgium
• 1585English Queen Elizabeth I signs Treaty of Nonsuch: aid to the Netherland
• 15971st Dutch East India Company ships returned from Far East
• 1604Spanish garrison of Sluis surrenders to count Maurice
• 16191st Black slaves brought by Dutch to colony of Jamestown Virginia
• 1641Britain and Scotland sign Treaty of Pacification
• 1741Alaska discovered by Danish explorer Vitus Bering
• 1781George Washington begins to move his troops south to fight Cornwallis
• 1791Danish navigator Vitus Jonas Bering discovers Alaska
• 1794Gen Mad Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians at Fallen Timbers Ohio
• 1795Joseph Haydn returns to Vienna from England
• 1852Steamer "Atlantic" collided with fishing boat, sinks with 250 aboard
• 1856Wilberforce University forms in Ohio
• 1861Skirmish at Jonesboro, Missouri
• 18648th / last day of battle at Deep Bottom Run Va (about 3900 casualties)
• 1865President Johnson proclaims an end to "insurrection" in Texas
• 1866President Andrew Johnson formally declares Civil War over
• 1879Government Kappeijne of Coppello resigns
• 1893Shechita (ritual slaughtering) prohibited in Switzerland
• 1895Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Norwood Builder" (BG)
• 1896Dial telephone patented
• 1901Fawcett committee visits Mafeking concentration camp in Cape Colony
• 1908Congo Free State becomes Belgian Congo
• 1910US supported opposition brings down Madriz in Nicaragua
• 1912Plant Quarantine Act goes into effect
• 1912Washingston Senator Carl Cushion no-hits Cleveland Indians, 2-0 in 6 innings

Born on Aug 20

• 1517Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle: Cardinal / Viceroy of Naples (1571-75)
• 1526Peter Opmeer: Church historian / humanist (Historia Martyrum)
• 1561Jacopo Peri: Composer
• 1625Thomas Corneille: French playwright
• 1637Cornelis Van Aerssen: Dutch Governor / co-owner of Surinam
• 1665Bernardus Smijtegelt: Vicar (Gekrookte Reed)
• 1702Stepan F graaf Apraksin: Russian General-Field Marshal
• 1710Thomas Simpson: English mathematician (rules of Simpson)
• 1720Bernard de Bury: Composer
• 1756Bernardo Bittoni: Composer
• 1764Charles F Bentinck: Dutch Minister of Colonies
• 1785Oliver Hazard Perry: US Naval hero ("We have met the enemy")
• 1788Jose Bernardo Alcedo: Composer
• 1799Heinrich WA Freiherr von Gagern: German liberal politician
• 1802Cadwalader Ringgold: Commander (Union Navy), died in 1867
• 1811Gilman Marston: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1890
• 1820Adolfe Louis Eugene Fetis: Composer
• 1824Absalom Baird: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1905
• 1832Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe: Inventor, died in 1913
• 1833Benjamin Harrison: North Bend, Ohio -- (R) 23rd President (1889-1893)
• 1842Juliaan de Vriendt: Flemish painter
• 1873Eliel Saarinen: Finland -- Architect (GM Tech Institute, Michigan)
• 1873William Henry Bell: Composer
• 1881Edgar Albert Guest: Detroit, Michigan -- Poet / newspaperman
• 1881Nikolay Yakovlevich Myaskovsky: Composer
• 1885Dino Campana: Italian poet (Canti orfici)
• 1886Paul Tillich: German / US theologist (Die sozial Entscheidung)
• 1888George Sklavos: Composer
• 1889Witold Friemann: Composer
• 1890H P Lovecraft: United States -- Gothic Novelist (At the Mountains of Madness)

Died on Aug 20

• 0984John XIV [Petrus Canepanova]: Italian Pope (983-84)
• 1153Bernard[us] van Clairvaux: French saint
• 1384Geert Great [Gerardus Magnus]: Theologist (Getijdenboek)
• 1538Aefgen Listinck: Dutch anabaptist, burned at stake
• 1632Valentin de Boulogne: French painter, buried at 38
• 1639Martin Opitz: German Poet / Historian (Troerinnen), dies at 41
• 1648Edward Herbert of Cherbury: English military / philosopher, dies at 65
• 1672Cornelis de Witt: Dutch, statesman, lynched at 49
• 1672Johan de Witt: Advisor of Holland, lynched
• 1679Jacob Alting: Dutch theologist, dies at 60
• 1799Johann Christian Gottlob Eidenbenz: Composer, dies at 37
• 1804Charles Floyd: Only fatality of the Lewis & Clark Expedition
• 1813Jan Krtitel Vanhal: Composer, dies at 74
• 1823Pius VII [Luigi B Chiaramonti]: Pope (1800-23), dies at 83
• 1825Richard Wainwright: Composer, dies at 68
• 1854Friedrich WJ von Schelling: German philosopher, dies at 79
• 1856Philipp Jakob Riotte: Composer, dies at 80
• 1864Daniel Chaplin: US Union Brigadier General
• 1864John H Kelly: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 24
• 1885Edouard J A Agneessens: Flemish Painter (Slave Market), dies at 42
• 1908Louis Varney: Composer, dies at 64
• 1910Arthur Coquard: Composer, dies at 64
• 1912William Booth: English Minister / founder (Leader des Heils)
• 1914Pius X [Giuseppe M Sarto]: Pope (1903-14)
• 1915Paul Ehrlich: German geneologist (Chemotherapy, Nobel 1908)
• 1917JFW Adolf Ritter von Baeyer: German chemist (Nobel 1905)
• 1931Waldemar von Baussnern: Composer, dies at 64
• 1932Emille-Louis-Victor Mathieu: Composer, dies at 87
• 1932Paul Keller: German writer (Vergrabenes Gut), dies at 59
• 1932Tadeusz Joteyko: Composer, dies at 60