Events on Aug 26

• 0580Chinese invents toilet paper
• 1278Battle of Marchfeld: Rudolf van Habsburg defeats Ottokar II
• 1541Turkish Sultan Suleiman occupies Buda / annexes Hungary
• 1545Pope Paul III names his son Pierluigi Farnese, Duke of Parma
• 1549Battle at Dussingdale: John Dudley beats rebels
• 1629Cambridge Agreement, Mass Bay Co stockholders agree to emigrate
• 1641West India Company conquerors Sao Paulo de Loanda, Angola
• 1652Sea battle at Plymouth: Ayscue vs. De Ruyter
• 1745England, Prussia and Hannover sign treaty
• 1791John Fitch grants US patent for his working steamboat
• 1794French troops occupy Lock
• 1843Charles Thurber patents a typewriter
• 1846W A Bartlett appointed 1st US Mayor of Yerba Buena (San Francisco)
• 1863Battle of Rocky Gap WV (White Sulphur Springs)
• 18731st kindergarten public school opens in St. Louis
• 187416 blacks lynched in Tennessee
• 1895Electric central at Niagara Falls gives 1st steam
• 1896Armenian revolutionairy assault on Ottoman Bank Constantinople
• 1903Phillies walk 17 Dodgers in a game
• 1907Houdini escapes from chains underwater at Aquatic Park in 57 seconds
• 1909Middlesex beat Gloucs (Bristol) by Inn and 31 in a single day
• 191232nd US Mens Tennis: M E McLoughlin beats W F Johnson (36 26 62 64 62)
• 191333rd US Mens Tennis: M E McLoughlin beats R N Williams (64 57 63 61)
• 1914Battle of Tannenberg - 8th German army defeats Russian Narev army
• 1915German troops over run Brest-Litovsk, Russia
• 1916Philadelphia Athletics Bullet Joe Bush no-hits Cleve, 5-0
• 1916Yanks turn triple-play beating Browns 10-6
• 1920Percy Fender (Surrey vs. Northants) scores 100 in 35 minutes
• 1922Japanese cruiser Niitaka leaves in storm at Kamchatka, 300 killed
• 19291st US roller coaster built

Born on Aug 26

• 1596Frederik V: King of Bohemia (White Mountain)
• 1676Robert Walpole: (Whig) British Prime Minister (1721-42)
• 1687Willem the Fesch: Dutch violinist / composer (Joseph)
• 1726Karl Kohaut: Composer
• 1740Joseph Montgolfier: France -- Aeronaut (ballooning)
• 1743Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: Paris, France -- Father of mod chemistry (Oxygen)
• 1745Francois Guichard: Composer
• 1749Johann Ernst Rembt: Composer
• 1788Aloys Schmitt: German music theory / composer / royal pianist
• 1811Danville Leadbetter: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1866
• 1813Nicaise de Keyser: Flemish painter (Battle of Guilder Tracks)
• 1820James Harlan: (Rep-Iowa) / US Secretary of Interior (1865-66)
• 1823Wilhelm Troszel: Composer
• 1825Jacobus J Backer: German sea historian
• 1828Erik Anthon Valdemar Siboni: Composer
• 1833Charles Jackson Paine: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
• 1835Theodore Washington Brevard: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
• 1842Heinrich I Quincke: German internist (Lumbaalpunctie)
• 1843George August Lumbye: Composer
• 1850Charles Richet: French physiologist (anaphylaxis-Nobel 1913)
• 1870Aleksander Kuprin: Russian author (Pojedinok)
• 1873Lee De Forest: Council Bluffs, inventor (Audion vacuum (radio) tube)
• 1875John Buchan: Scotland, United Kingdom -- Governor-General of Canada / writer (Battle of Somme)
• 1880Guillaume Apollinaire: France -- Poet / movie critic (Alcoola)
• 1882James Franck: German naturalist (Nobel 1925)
• 1882Johannes Lindeboom: Vicar / church historian (Netherlands Archives)
• 1884Earl Biggers: Author ("Charlie Chan" detective series)
• 1885Jules Romains: France -- Novelist / playwright / poet (Men of Good Will)
• 1887Luis Abraham Delgadillo: Composer
• 1891Emmy van Lokhorst: Dutch author

Died on Aug 26

• 1278Ottokar II: King of Bohemia (1253-78), dies in battle
• 1346Jan de Blinde: King of Bohemia / Count of Luxemburg, dies in battle
• 1368Engelbrecht van der Mark: Prince-Bishop of Luik (1345-64)
• 1486Ernst I: Ruler of Saxon (1464-86), dies at 45
• 1518Giberto X: Italian mister of Correggio / husband of Veronica Gambara
• 1616Johan van de Veeken: Merchant / co-founder (VOC), dies at 66
• 1661Louis Couperin: Composer
• 1683Christoph Schultze: Composer, dies at 76
• 1712Sebastian Anton Scherer: Composer, dies at 80
• 1723Thonis van Leeuwenhoek: Biologist / inventor (microscope), dies at 90
• 1770Domingos dos Reis Quita: Portuguese playwright / poet, dies at 42
• 1813Daniel Gottlob Turk: Composer, dies at 63
• 1832Henryk Klein: Composer, dies at 96
• 1849Jacques-Fereol Mazas: Composer, dies at 66
• 1860Friedrich Silcher: Composer, dies at 71
• 1860Philipp Friedrich Silcher: Composer, dies at 71
• 1863John Buchanan Floyd: US Minister of War (1857-60) / Confederate General
• 1865Johann F Encke: German astronomer (Comet Encke), dies at 73
• 1865Marcellus Monroe Crocker: US attorney / Union Brigadier General, dies at 35
• 1869Henri Leys: Flemish painter, dies at 54
• 1873Carl Wilhelm: Composer, dies at 57
• 1894PPH van Ham: General Major, dies in battle on Lombok
• 1921Ludwig Thoma: Writer
• 1921Matthias Erzberger: German Minister of Finance, murdered at 45
• 1921Peter I Karadjordjevic: King of Serbia / Yugoslavia (1903-21)
• 1930Lon Chaney: Actor (Thunder, Big City, Unholy 3), dies at 47
• 1945Franz Werfel: Czech / German / US Poet / writer (Mirror Man), dies at 54
• 1949Nico van Suchtelen: Publisher, dies at 70
• 1958Ralph Vaughan Williams: English composer, dies at 85
• 1960Mark Hambourg: Composer, dies at 81

Historical events on August 27

• 1232Kioto Staatsraad accept Joei Legislation
• 1549Battle at Dussindale: John Dudley destroys English boer army
• 1601Olivier van Noort completes 1st Dutch exploration of new world
• 1610Polish King Wladyslaw crowned King of Russia
• 1619Monarch Frederik van Palts chosen King of Bohemia
• 1626Battle at Lutter: Catholic League beats Danish King Christian IV
• 1628Java Sultan Agung van Mataram attacks Batavia
• 1634Battle of Nordingen-Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, loses Duchy of Francomia
• 1665"Ye Bare & Ye Cubb" is 1st play, performed in North America (Acomac, Va)
• 1667Earliest recorded hurricane in US (Jamestown Virginia)
• 1776British defeat Americans in Battle of Long Island
• 17831st hydrogen balloon flight (unmanned); reaches 900 m altitude
• 1788Jacques Neeker names French Minister of Finance
• 1789French National Assembly issues "Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen"
• 1798Battle at Castelbar, Ireland: French army hunts The English
• 1799English invasion army lands in North-Holland
• 1813Battle of Dresden-Napoleon defeats Austrians
• 1816Lord Exmouth bombs Algiers, a refuge for Barbary pirates
• 1828Uruguay gains independence during Brazil-Argentina peace talk
• 1832Black Hawk, leader of Sauk-indians, gives himself up
• 18591st successful oil well drilled, near Titusville, Penn by Edwin Drake
• 1861Battle of Cape Hatteras SC-Union troops take Ft Clark
• 1862Battle of Cub Run, Virginia
• 1881Hurricane hits Florida and Carolinas; about 700 die
• 1883Krakatoa, west of Java, explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons
• 1892New York City Metropolitan Opera House catches fire
• 1894Congress passes Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act, which includes a graduated income tax later struck down by the Supreme Court
• 189515th US Mens Tennis: Fred H Hovey beats Robert D Wrenn (63 62 64)
• 1896England defeated Zanzibar in a 38-minute war (9:02 AM-9:40 AM)
• 1897Roger Bresnahan debuts as Washingston Senator pitcher (later HOF catcher)

Born on August 27

• 1471George von Saksen-Meissen: German potester of Frisia
• 1545Alessandro Farnese: Duke of Parma / General / diplomat
• 1562Hans Leo Hassler: Composer
• 1583Simon Besler: Composer
• 1630Maria van Oosterwijck: Dutch flower painter
• 1650Johann Samuel Welter: Composer
• 1666Ivan V: Co-tsar of Russia (1682-89)
• 1719John / Jean Nepveu: Dutch Governor of Suriname (1768-79)
• 1730Hamann: Writer
• 1739Michel Delalande: Composer
• 1752Herman Muntinghe: Dutch theologist (History of Mankind)
• 1768Anne-Francois Mellinet: French / Belgian General (Maastricht)
• 1770Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: German philosopher / inventor (dialectic)
• 1809Hannibal Hamlin: (R) 15th VP (1861-65)
• 1824Hiram Gregory Berry: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
• 1826Frank Stillman Nickerson: Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
• 1826Hermann Kipper: Music teacher / critic / composer
• 1832James Alexander Walker: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
• 1835Albijn van de Abeele: Flemish author / Mayor / painter
• 1837Heinrich Urban: Composer
• 1839Emory Upton: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1881
• 1847Gustave J Waffelaert: Flemish theologist / Bishop of Bridge
• 1856Iwan Franko: Writer
• 1858Giuseppe Peanoin Cuneo: Piemonte, Italy -- Mathematician
• 1865Charles Gates Dawes: (R) 30th VP (1925-29, Nobel 1925)
• 1865Emmuska Orczy: British writer (Scarlet Pimpernel)
• 1867Umberto Giordano: Composer
• 1869Karl Haushofer: Soldier / geographer
• 1870Amado Nervo [Juan C Ruiz de Nervo]: Mexican writer / poet
• 1871Theodore Dreiser: United States -- Novelist (Sister Carie, American Tragedy)

Died on August 27

• 1208Irene Angelina: Daughter of Isaac II Angeles
• 1521Josquin Des Prez: Composer
• 1522Giovanni A Amadei / Amadeo: Italian Sculptor / architect, dies at about 75
• 1576Titian [Tiziano Vecelli]: Italian painter, dies of plague
• 1590Sixtus V [Felice Peretti / "Montalto"]: Pope (1585-90), dies at 68
• 1608Hendrik van Kinschot [Henricus Kinschotus]: Lawyer, dies at 66
• 1635Lope Felix de Vega: Playwright / Poet (Angelica, Arcadia), dies at 72
• 1651Jacob A Backer: Painter, dies at about 43
• 1667Adriaen Melar: Flemish engraver, buried at 33
• 1746Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: Composer
• 1748James Thomson
• 1827Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff: Austrian Earl / prince / diplomat
• 1828Eise J Eisinga: Constructed planetarium at Franeker, dies at 84
• 1840William Kneass: 3rd US chief engraver (1824-40), dies in office
• 1841Ignaz Xaver von Seyfried: Composer, dies at 65
• 1846Frantiszek Scigalski: Composer, dies at 64
• 1846Gottfied Wilhelm Fink: Composer, dies at 63
• 1855Francisco Eduardo da Costa: Composer, dies at 36
• 1865Jozef Nowakowski: Composer, dies at 64
• 1867Karol Katski: Composer, dies at 51
• 1868Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee: Composer, dies at 82
• 1874Johan George Schwartze: Painter
• 1874John Henry Foley: Sculptor
• 1879Rowland Hill: Introduced postage stamps, dies at 84
• 1883August Friedrich Pott: Composer, dies at 76
• 1887Wilhelm Volkmar: Composer, dies at 74
• 1910Clement of Maasdijk: 1st Dutch aircraft death
• 1914John Weiss: German new testament
• 1922Carl Fuchs: Composer, dies at 83
• 1930Didericus G van Epen: Genealogist / Dutch Patriarch, dies at 62

Events on Aug 28

• 0476German ruler Odoacer captures Pavia
• 0476West Roman Empire formally disbands / Emperor Romulus August ousted
• 1565Oldest city in the US, St. Augustine Florida, established
• 1609Henry Hudson, discovers and explores Delaware Bay
• 1619Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor
• 1632Henry Casimir I appointed Viceroy of Drenthe
• 1637WIC-Colonel Hans Koin conquerors Fort Elmina, West Africa
• 1655New Amsterdam and Peter Stuyvesant bars Jews from military service
• 18301st locomotive in US, "Tom Thumb, " runs from Baltimore to Ellicotts Mill
• 1837Pharmacists John Lea and William Perrins manufactures Worcester Sauce
• 18409 Jewish prisoners are released from Damascus jails
• 1849Venice under Daniele Manin surrenders to Austrians under Radetsky, after been under siege since July 20 after proclaiming independence
• 1861Battle of Fort Hatteras, North Carolina
• 1862Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, Virginia
• 1862Belle Boyd released from Old Capital Prison in Washington, DC
• 1867US occupies Midway Islands in Pacific
• 1883Slavery banned throughout British Empire
• 18841st known photograph of a tornado is made near Howard, South Dakota
• 1884Mickey Welsh strikes-out 1st 9 men he faces
• 1907United Parcel Service begins service, in Seattle
• 190814th US Golf Open: Fred McLeod shoots a 322 at Myopia Hunt Club, Massachusetts
• 191145.7 cm rainfall at St. George, Georgia (state record)
• 1913Queen Wilhelmina opens Peace Palace (The Hague)
• 19143rd day of battle at Tannenberg: violent German / Russian battles
• 1914Battle at Helgoland: British fleet beats German, 1100 killed
• 1914John French evacuate Amiens
• 1916Germany declares war on Romania
• 1916Italy declares war against Germany during WWI
• 191710 suffragists arrested as they picket White House
• 1918Tris Speaker suspended for season due to assault on ump Tom Connolly

Born on Aug 28

• 0865Rhazes [Abu Bakr Mohammed ibn Zakarijja al-Razi]: Persian Physician
• 1476Motonoboe: Japanese painter (Kano-school)
• 1673Conrad Michael Schneider: Composer
• 1700Carolomannus Pachschmidt: Composer
• 1749Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Frankfurt, Germany -- Social philosopher (Faust)
• 1754Peter Winter: Composer
• 1774Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton: 1st American Catholic Saint (1975)
• 1775Sophie Gail: Composer
• 1794Johannes Zwijsen: Archbishop (Utrecht Netherlands)
• 1795Joannes A Paredis: Belgian Bishop of Roermond
• 1798Gershom Jaques Van Brunt: Comm (Union Navy), died in 1863
• 1801Antoine A Cournot: French philosopher / mathematician (rule of Cournot)
• 1824Carel JCH van Nispen of Sevenaer: Dutch Catholic politician
• 1826Walter Cecil Macfarren: Composer
• 1827Teresa Milanollo: Composer
• 1828William Alexander Hammond: Brigadier General (Union Army), died in 1900
• 1829Albert Dietrich: Composer
• 1831Fredrick Vilhelm Ludvig Norman: Composer
• 1831Lucy Ware Webb Hayes: 1st lady (1877-81)
• 1833Edward Burne-Jones: England, United Kingdom -- Pre-Raphaelite painter / designer
• 1840Ira D Sankey: US evangelist / composer / singer (Gospel hymns)
• 1842Willem Linnig, Jr.: Flemish painter / graphic artist
• 1872Alfred Baldwin Sloan: Composer
• 1878George Hoyt Whipple: United States -- Astrophysicist (Nobel-1934)
• 1881Arne Eggen: Composer
• 1882Carl W de Vries: Dutch jurist (Unknown Thorbecke)
• 1883E E Clive: Monmouthshire, Wales -- Actor (Night Must Fall, Dark Hour)
• 1885Armas Toivo Valdemar Maasalo: Composer
• 1887Daniel Zamudio: Composer
• 1889Charles Boyer: France -- Actor (Algiers, Fanny, Barefoot in the Park)

Died on Aug 28

• 0388Magnus Maximus: Spanish West Roman Emperor (383-88), executed
• 0430Aurelius Augustinus: Church elder / thinker (Belijdenissen), dies at 75
• 0876Louis the German: King of East France Empire (833-76)
• 1065Frederik van Luxembourg: Duke of Neth-Lutherans (1046-65)
• 1481Afonso V: King of Portugal
• 1484Diogo: Duke of Viseu, murdered
• 1539Lieven Pain: Flemish, beheaded at about 75
• 1544Alardus Aemstelredamus: Priest / humanist, dies at about 53
• 1646Fulvio Testi: Italian Poet (Poesie liriche), dies at 53
• 1647Johann Dilliger: Composer, dies at 53
• 1654Axel Gustafson Oxenstierna: Swedish Earl / chancellor / regent, dies at 71
• 1676Joan Cererols: Composer, dies at 57
• 1677Wallerand Vaillant: Painter / engraver / etcher / cartoonist, dies at 54
• 1767Johann Schobert: Composer
• 1778Jacob Wallenberg: Swedish writer / shipminister
• 1793Adam-Philippe Custine: French Earl / General / parliament member
• 1803Charles L Fournier: Flemish writer / painter
• 1818Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable: Trader, founder of Chicago
• 1885Julius Hopp: Composer, dies at 66
• 1900Henry Sidgwick: English philosopher (Women on University)
• 1903August Labitzky: Composer, dies at 70
• 1914Anatoli Liadov: Composer, dies at 59
• 1916Francis W Warre-Cornish: Engl vice-provost of Eton (1893-1916)
• 1922Louis PMFG of Orleans: Earl of Eu / Brazil, dies at 80
• 1930Alvar Gullstrand: Swedish optician (Nobel 1911)
• 1943Boris III: Of Saksen-Coburg, King of Bulgaria (1918-43)
• 1951Robert Walker: Actor / writer (Bataan, Madame Curie), dies at 32
• 1955Emmett Till: Kidnapped and lynched at 14, in Money Mississippi
• 1958Nikolay Semyonovich Golovanov: Composer, dies at 67
• 1959Bohuslav Jan Martinu: Czech Composer (Hry o Marti), dies at 68