Events on Aug 26
- 0580Chinese invents toilet paper
- 1278Battle of Marchfeld: Rudolf van Habsburg defeats Ottokar II
- 1541Turkish Sultan Suleiman occupies Buda / annexes Hungary
- 1545Pope Paul III names his son Pierluigi Farnese, Duke of Parma
- 1549Battle at Dussingdale: John Dudley beats rebels
- 1629Cambridge Agreement, Mass Bay Co stockholders agree to emigrate
- 1641West India Company conquerors Sao Paulo de Loanda, Angola
- 1652Sea battle at Plymouth: Ayscue vs. De Ruyter
- 1745England, Prussia and Hannover sign treaty
- 1791John Fitch grants US patent for his working steamboat
- 1794French troops occupy Lock
- 1843Charles Thurber patents a typewriter
- 1846W A Bartlett appointed 1st US Mayor of Yerba Buena (San Francisco)
- 1863Battle of Rocky Gap WV (White Sulphur Springs)
- 18731st kindergarten public school opens in St. Louis
- 187416 blacks lynched in Tennessee
- 1895Electric central at Niagara Falls gives 1st steam
- 1896Armenian revolutionairy assault on Ottoman Bank Constantinople
- 1903Phillies walk 17 Dodgers in a game
- 1907Houdini escapes from chains underwater at Aquatic Park in 57 seconds
- 1909Middlesex beat Gloucs (Bristol) by Inn and 31 in a single day
- 191232nd US Mens Tennis: M E McLoughlin beats W F Johnson (36 26 62 64 62)
- 191333rd US Mens Tennis: M E McLoughlin beats R N Williams (64 57 63 61)
- 1914Battle of Tannenberg - 8th German army defeats Russian Narev army
- 1915German troops over run Brest-Litovsk, Russia
- 1916Philadelphia Athletics Bullet Joe Bush no-hits Cleve, 5-0
- 1916Yanks turn triple-play beating Browns 10-6
- 1920Percy Fender (Surrey vs. Northants) scores 100 in 35 minutes
- 1922Japanese cruiser Niitaka leaves in storm at Kamchatka, 300 killed
- 19291st US roller coaster built
Born on Aug 26
- 1596Frederik V: King of Bohemia (White Mountain)
- 1676Robert Walpole: (Whig) British Prime Minister (1721-42)
- 1687Willem the Fesch: Dutch violinist / composer (Joseph)
- 1726Karl Kohaut: Composer
- 1740Joseph Montgolfier: France -- Aeronaut (ballooning)
- 1743Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: Paris, France -- Father of mod chemistry (Oxygen)
- 1745Francois Guichard: Composer
- 1749Johann Ernst Rembt: Composer
- 1788Aloys Schmitt: German music theory / composer / royal pianist
- 1811Danville Leadbetter: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1866
- 1813Nicaise de Keyser: Flemish painter (Battle of Guilder Tracks)
- 1820James Harlan: (Rep-Iowa) / US Secretary of Interior (1865-66)
- 1823Wilhelm Troszel: Composer
- 1825Jacobus J Backer: German sea historian
- 1828Erik Anthon Valdemar Siboni: Composer
- 1833Charles Jackson Paine: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1835Theodore Washington Brevard: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- 1842Heinrich I Quincke: German internist (Lumbaalpunctie)
- 1843George August Lumbye: Composer
- 1850Charles Richet: French physiologist (anaphylaxis-Nobel 1913)
- 1870Aleksander Kuprin: Russian author (Pojedinok)
- 1873Lee De Forest: Council Bluffs, inventor (Audion vacuum (radio) tube)
- 1875John Buchan: Scotland, United Kingdom -- Governor-General of Canada / writer (Battle of Somme)
- 1880Guillaume Apollinaire: France -- Poet / movie critic (Alcoola)
- 1882James Franck: German naturalist (Nobel 1925)
- 1882Johannes Lindeboom: Vicar / church historian (Netherlands Archives)
- 1884Earl Biggers: Author ("Charlie Chan" detective series)
- 1885Jules Romains: France -- Novelist / playwright / poet (Men of Good Will)
- 1887Luis Abraham Delgadillo: Composer
- 1891Emmy van Lokhorst: Dutch author
Died on Aug 26
- 1278Ottokar II: King of Bohemia (1253-78), dies in battle
- 1346Jan de Blinde: King of Bohemia / Count of Luxemburg, dies in battle
- 1368Engelbrecht van der Mark: Prince-Bishop of Luik (1345-64)
- 1486Ernst I: Ruler of Saxon (1464-86), dies at 45
- 1518Giberto X: Italian mister of Correggio / husband of Veronica Gambara
- 1616Johan van de Veeken: Merchant / co-founder (VOC), dies at 66
- 1661Louis Couperin: Composer
- 1683Christoph Schultze: Composer, dies at 76
- 1712Sebastian Anton Scherer: Composer, dies at 80
- 1723Thonis van Leeuwenhoek: Biologist / inventor (microscope), dies at 90
- 1770Domingos dos Reis Quita: Portuguese playwright / poet, dies at 42
- 1813Daniel Gottlob Turk: Composer, dies at 63
- 1832Henryk Klein: Composer, dies at 96
- 1849Jacques-Fereol Mazas: Composer, dies at 66
- 1860Friedrich Silcher: Composer, dies at 71
- 1860Philipp Friedrich Silcher: Composer, dies at 71
- 1863John Buchanan Floyd: US Minister of War (1857-60) / Confederate General
- 1865Johann F Encke: German astronomer (Comet Encke), dies at 73
- 1865Marcellus Monroe Crocker: US attorney / Union Brigadier General, dies at 35
- 1869Henri Leys: Flemish painter, dies at 54
- 1873Carl Wilhelm: Composer, dies at 57
- 1894PPH van Ham: General Major, dies in battle on Lombok
- 1921Ludwig Thoma: Writer
- 1921Matthias Erzberger: German Minister of Finance, murdered at 45
- 1921Peter I Karadjordjevic: King of Serbia / Yugoslavia (1903-21)
- 1930Lon Chaney: Actor (Thunder, Big City, Unholy 3), dies at 47
- 1945Franz Werfel: Czech / German / US Poet / writer (Mirror Man), dies at 54
- 1949Nico van Suchtelen: Publisher, dies at 70
- 1958Ralph Vaughan Williams: English composer, dies at 85
- 1960Mark Hambourg: Composer, dies at 81
Historical events on August 27
- 1232Kioto Staatsraad accept Joei Legislation
- 1549Battle at Dussindale: John Dudley destroys English boer army
- 1601Olivier van Noort completes 1st Dutch exploration of new world
- 1610Polish King Wladyslaw crowned King of Russia
- 1619Monarch Frederik van Palts chosen King of Bohemia
- 1626Battle at Lutter: Catholic League beats Danish King Christian IV
- 1628Java Sultan Agung van Mataram attacks Batavia
- 1634Battle of Nordingen-Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, loses Duchy of Francomia
- 1665"Ye Bare & Ye Cubb" is 1st play, performed in North America (Acomac, Va)
- 1667Earliest recorded hurricane in US (Jamestown Virginia)
- 1776British defeat Americans in Battle of Long Island
- 17831st hydrogen balloon flight (unmanned); reaches 900 m altitude
- 1788Jacques Neeker names French Minister of Finance
- 1789French National Assembly issues "Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen"
- 1798Battle at Castelbar, Ireland: French army hunts The English
- 1799English invasion army lands in North-Holland
- 1813Battle of Dresden-Napoleon defeats Austrians
- 1816Lord Exmouth bombs Algiers, a refuge for Barbary pirates
- 1828Uruguay gains independence during Brazil-Argentina peace talk
- 1832Black Hawk, leader of Sauk-indians, gives himself up
- 18591st successful oil well drilled, near Titusville, Penn by Edwin Drake
- 1861Battle of Cape Hatteras SC-Union troops take Ft Clark
- 1862Battle of Cub Run, Virginia
- 1881Hurricane hits Florida and Carolinas; about 700 die
- 1883Krakatoa, west of Java, explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons
- 1892New York City Metropolitan Opera House catches fire
- 1894Congress passes Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act, which includes a graduated income tax later struck down by the Supreme Court
- 189515th US Mens Tennis: Fred H Hovey beats Robert D Wrenn (63 62 64)
- 1896England defeated Zanzibar in a 38-minute war (9:02 AM-9:40 AM)
- 1897Roger Bresnahan debuts as Washingston Senator pitcher (later HOF catcher)
Born on August 27
- 1471George von Saksen-Meissen: German potester of Frisia
- 1545Alessandro Farnese: Duke of Parma / General / diplomat
- 1562Hans Leo Hassler: Composer
- 1583Simon Besler: Composer
- 1630Maria van Oosterwijck: Dutch flower painter
- 1650Johann Samuel Welter: Composer
- 1666Ivan V: Co-tsar of Russia (1682-89)
- 1719John / Jean Nepveu: Dutch Governor of Suriname (1768-79)
- 1730Hamann: Writer
- 1739Michel Delalande: Composer
- 1752Herman Muntinghe: Dutch theologist (History of Mankind)
- 1768Anne-Francois Mellinet: French / Belgian General (Maastricht)
- 1770Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: German philosopher / inventor (dialectic)
- 1809Hannibal Hamlin: (R) 15th VP (1861-65)
- 1824Hiram Gregory Berry: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1826Frank Stillman Nickerson: Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
- 1826Hermann Kipper: Music teacher / critic / composer
- 1832James Alexander Walker: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901
- 1835Albijn van de Abeele: Flemish author / Mayor / painter
- 1837Heinrich Urban: Composer
- 1839Emory Upton: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1881
- 1847Gustave J Waffelaert: Flemish theologist / Bishop of Bridge
- 1856Iwan Franko: Writer
- 1858Giuseppe Peanoin Cuneo: Piemonte, Italy -- Mathematician
- 1865Charles Gates Dawes: (R) 30th VP (1925-29, Nobel 1925)
- 1865Emmuska Orczy: British writer (Scarlet Pimpernel)
- 1867Umberto Giordano: Composer
- 1869Karl Haushofer: Soldier / geographer
- 1870Amado Nervo [Juan C Ruiz de Nervo]: Mexican writer / poet
- 1871Theodore Dreiser: United States -- Novelist (Sister Carie, American Tragedy)
Died on August 27
- 1208Irene Angelina: Daughter of Isaac II Angeles
- 1521Josquin Des Prez: Composer
- 1522Giovanni A Amadei / Amadeo: Italian Sculptor / architect, dies at about 75
- 1576Titian [Tiziano Vecelli]: Italian painter, dies of plague
- 1590Sixtus V [Felice Peretti / "Montalto"]: Pope (1585-90), dies at 68
- 1608Hendrik van Kinschot [Henricus Kinschotus]: Lawyer, dies at 66
- 1635Lope Felix de Vega: Playwright / Poet (Angelica, Arcadia), dies at 72
- 1651Jacob A Backer: Painter, dies at about 43
- 1667Adriaen Melar: Flemish engraver, buried at 33
- 1746Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: Composer
- 1748James Thomson
- 1827Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff: Austrian Earl / prince / diplomat
- 1828Eise J Eisinga: Constructed planetarium at Franeker, dies at 84
- 1840William Kneass: 3rd US chief engraver (1824-40), dies in office
- 1841Ignaz Xaver von Seyfried: Composer, dies at 65
- 1846Frantiszek Scigalski: Composer, dies at 64
- 1846Gottfied Wilhelm Fink: Composer, dies at 63
- 1855Francisco Eduardo da Costa: Composer, dies at 36
- 1865Jozef Nowakowski: Composer, dies at 64
- 1867Karol Katski: Composer, dies at 51
- 1868Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee: Composer, dies at 82
- 1874Johan George Schwartze: Painter
- 1874John Henry Foley: Sculptor
- 1879Rowland Hill: Introduced postage stamps, dies at 84
- 1883August Friedrich Pott: Composer, dies at 76
- 1887Wilhelm Volkmar: Composer, dies at 74
- 1910Clement of Maasdijk: 1st Dutch aircraft death
- 1914John Weiss: German new testament
- 1922Carl Fuchs: Composer, dies at 83
- 1930Didericus G van Epen: Genealogist / Dutch Patriarch, dies at 62
Events on Aug 28
- 0476German ruler Odoacer captures Pavia
- 0476West Roman Empire formally disbands / Emperor Romulus August ousted
- 1565Oldest city in the US, St. Augustine Florida, established
- 1609Henry Hudson, discovers and explores Delaware Bay
- 1619Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor
- 1632Henry Casimir I appointed Viceroy of Drenthe
- 1637WIC-Colonel Hans Koin conquerors Fort Elmina, West Africa
- 1655New Amsterdam and Peter Stuyvesant bars Jews from military service
- 18301st locomotive in US, "Tom Thumb, " runs from Baltimore to Ellicotts Mill
- 1837Pharmacists John Lea and William Perrins manufactures Worcester Sauce
- 18409 Jewish prisoners are released from Damascus jails
- 1849Venice under Daniele Manin surrenders to Austrians under Radetsky, after been under siege since July 20 after proclaiming independence
- 1861Battle of Fort Hatteras, North Carolina
- 1862Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, Virginia
- 1862Belle Boyd released from Old Capital Prison in Washington, DC
- 1867US occupies Midway Islands in Pacific
- 1883Slavery banned throughout British Empire
- 18841st known photograph of a tornado is made near Howard, South Dakota
- 1884Mickey Welsh strikes-out 1st 9 men he faces
- 1907United Parcel Service begins service, in Seattle
- 190814th US Golf Open: Fred McLeod shoots a 322 at Myopia Hunt Club, Massachusetts
- 191145.7 cm rainfall at St. George, Georgia (state record)
- 1913Queen Wilhelmina opens Peace Palace (The Hague)
- 19143rd day of battle at Tannenberg: violent German / Russian battles
- 1914Battle at Helgoland: British fleet beats German, 1100 killed
- 1914John French evacuate Amiens
- 1916Germany declares war on Romania
- 1916Italy declares war against Germany during WWI
- 191710 suffragists arrested as they picket White House
- 1918Tris Speaker suspended for season due to assault on ump Tom Connolly
Born on Aug 28
- 0865Rhazes [Abu Bakr Mohammed ibn Zakarijja al-Razi]: Persian Physician
- 1476Motonoboe: Japanese painter (Kano-school)
- 1673Conrad Michael Schneider: Composer
- 1700Carolomannus Pachschmidt: Composer
- 1749Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Frankfurt, Germany -- Social philosopher (Faust)
- 1754Peter Winter: Composer
- 1774Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton: 1st American Catholic Saint (1975)
- 1775Sophie Gail: Composer
- 1794Johannes Zwijsen: Archbishop (Utrecht Netherlands)
- 1795Joannes A Paredis: Belgian Bishop of Roermond
- 1798Gershom Jaques Van Brunt: Comm (Union Navy), died in 1863
- 1801Antoine A Cournot: French philosopher / mathematician (rule of Cournot)
- 1824Carel JCH van Nispen of Sevenaer: Dutch Catholic politician
- 1826Walter Cecil Macfarren: Composer
- 1827Teresa Milanollo: Composer
- 1828William Alexander Hammond: Brigadier General (Union Army), died in 1900
- 1829Albert Dietrich: Composer
- 1831Fredrick Vilhelm Ludvig Norman: Composer
- 1831Lucy Ware Webb Hayes: 1st lady (1877-81)
- 1833Edward Burne-Jones: England, United Kingdom -- Pre-Raphaelite painter / designer
- 1840Ira D Sankey: US evangelist / composer / singer (Gospel hymns)
- 1842Willem Linnig, Jr.: Flemish painter / graphic artist
- 1872Alfred Baldwin Sloan: Composer
- 1878George Hoyt Whipple: United States -- Astrophysicist (Nobel-1934)
- 1881Arne Eggen: Composer
- 1882Carl W de Vries: Dutch jurist (Unknown Thorbecke)
- 1883E E Clive: Monmouthshire, Wales -- Actor (Night Must Fall, Dark Hour)
- 1885Armas Toivo Valdemar Maasalo: Composer
- 1887Daniel Zamudio: Composer
- 1889Charles Boyer: France -- Actor (Algiers, Fanny, Barefoot in the Park)
Died on Aug 28
- 0388Magnus Maximus: Spanish West Roman Emperor (383-88), executed
- 0430Aurelius Augustinus: Church elder / thinker (Belijdenissen), dies at 75
- 0876Louis the German: King of East France Empire (833-76)
- 1065Frederik van Luxembourg: Duke of Neth-Lutherans (1046-65)
- 1481Afonso V: King of Portugal
- 1484Diogo: Duke of Viseu, murdered
- 1539Lieven Pain: Flemish, beheaded at about 75
- 1544Alardus Aemstelredamus: Priest / humanist, dies at about 53
- 1646Fulvio Testi: Italian Poet (Poesie liriche), dies at 53
- 1647Johann Dilliger: Composer, dies at 53
- 1654Axel Gustafson Oxenstierna: Swedish Earl / chancellor / regent, dies at 71
- 1676Joan Cererols: Composer, dies at 57
- 1677Wallerand Vaillant: Painter / engraver / etcher / cartoonist, dies at 54
- 1767Johann Schobert: Composer
- 1778Jacob Wallenberg: Swedish writer / shipminister
- 1793Adam-Philippe Custine: French Earl / General / parliament member
- 1803Charles L Fournier: Flemish writer / painter
- 1818Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable: Trader, founder of Chicago
- 1885Julius Hopp: Composer, dies at 66
- 1900Henry Sidgwick: English philosopher (Women on University)
- 1903August Labitzky: Composer, dies at 70
- 1914Anatoli Liadov: Composer, dies at 59
- 1916Francis W Warre-Cornish: Engl vice-provost of Eton (1893-1916)
- 1922Louis PMFG of Orleans: Earl of Eu / Brazil, dies at 80
- 1930Alvar Gullstrand: Swedish optician (Nobel 1911)
- 1943Boris III: Of Saksen-Coburg, King of Bulgaria (1918-43)
- 1951Robert Walker: Actor / writer (Bataan, Madame Curie), dies at 32
- 1955Emmett Till: Kidnapped and lynched at 14, in Money Mississippi
- 1958Nikolay Semyonovich Golovanov: Composer, dies at 67
- 1959Bohuslav Jan Martinu: Czech Composer (Hry o Marti), dies at 68