Events on Sep 20
- 0368Emperor Valentinianus visits Nijmegen
- 0451General Aetius defeats Attila the Hun at Chalons-sur-Marne
- 0622Prophet Mohammed / Abu Bakr arrives in Jathrib (Medina)
- 1258Cathedral of Salisbury inaugurated
- 1519Ferdinand Magellan starts 1st successful circumnavigation of world
- 1530Luther advises protestant monarch compromise
- 1565Spaniards capture Fort Caroline, Florida and massacre the French
- 1604Spanish army under Spinola recaptures Oostende
- 1620Battle at Jassy: Turks beat King Sigismund III of Poland
- 1664Maryland passes 1st anti-amalgamation law to stop intermarriage of English women and black men
- 16742nd West Indie Company forms
- 1688French troops occupies Palts
- 1697Peace of Saki (ends 9 years war)
- 1746Bonnie Prince Charlie flees to France from Scotland
- 1777Paoli massacre
- 1787Prince Willem V returns to Hague
- 1792French defeat Prussians at Valmy
- 1793British troops under Major-General Williamson lands on (French) Haiti
- 1797US frigate Constitution (Old Ironsides) launched in Boston
- 18301st Negro Convention of Free Men agree to boycott slave-produced goods
- 1833Charles Darwin rides horse to Buenos Aires
- 18391st railroad in the Netherlands opens (Amsterdam-Haarlem)
- 1850Slave trade abolished in DC, but slavery allowed to continue
- 1854Battle at Alma Krim: 1,000 British soldiers died
- 1854British and French defeat Russians at Alma, in Crimea
- 1859George Simpson patents electric range
- 18601st British royalty to visit US, Prince of Wales (King Edward VII)
- 1861Battle of Lexington, MI-captured by Union
- 1863Battle of Shepardstown, Virginia
- 1863Civil War Battle of Chickamauga, near Chattanooga Tenn, ends
Born on Sep 20
- 1593Gottfried Scheidt: Composer
- 1653Benedict Schultheiss: Composer
- 1665Johannes van der Hagen: Vicar / genealogist / chronologer
- 1706Franz Habermann: Composer
- 1744Giacomo Quarenghi: Italian / Russian master builder (Hermitage Theater)
- 1767Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia: Composer
- 1771Mungo Park: Scotish explorer (Africa)
- 1777Ramon Felix Cuellar y Altarriba: Composer
- 1791Sergei T Aksakov: Russian writer (Semejnaja chronika)
- 1795Charles Heinrich Christoph Zeuner: Composer
- 1795Peter of Limburg Brouwer: Physician / classical / author
- 1809Sterline "Old Pap" Price: Major General (Confederate Army)
- 1810Alpheus Starkey Williams: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1820George Washington Morgan: Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
- 1820John Fulton Reynolds: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1832Johann Joseph Abert: Composer
- 1833Ernesto Teodoro Moneta: Italy -- Journalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1907)
- 1842James Dewar: Scottish chemist / physicist (Dewarfles / cordiet)
- 1846Agnes Tyrrell: Composer
- 1847Sergei G Netsjajev: Russian nihilist (Catechism Revolutionary)
- 1852Edouard Baron Empain: Belgian railway builder (Paris Metro)
- 1865Lubor Niederle: Czechoslovakia -- Archaeologist / slavist
- 1866Gustave Doret: Composer
- 1869George Robey [George Edward Wade]: Comic
- 1869Marcel Cachin: Co-founder (French Communistic Party)
- 1872Maurice Gamelin: French Generalissimo
- 1873Robert D Wrenn: Tennis champ (US Open - 1893)
- 1877Armand Louis Joseph Marsick: Composer
- 1878Upton Beall Sinclair: US writer (Jungle)
- 1879Jacobo Conrad [Coco Lepol / Elias Martinus]: Curacaos composer
Died on Sep 20
- 1168Paschal III [Guido di Crema]: Italian anti-Pope
- 1384Louis: Duke of Anjou / Wife of Marie of Bretagne
- 1493Philippe Pot: Governor / Viceroy of Burgundy
- 1586Anthony Babington: Page / conspirator to Mary Stuart, executed at 24
- 1613Willem H van Est (Estius): Theologist
- 1639John Meursius [van Meurs]: Historian, dies at 60
- 1647Giovanni Del Turco: Composer, dies at 70
- 1648Marco Ivan Lukacic: Composer, dies at 61
- 1679Cornelis Evertsen the Young: Vice-admiral of Zealand, dies at 51
- 1706Pierre Verdier: Composer, dies at 79
- 1731Sicco van Goslinga: Fries diplomat / Secretary of High Council, dies at 67
- 1773Pieter de Swart: Architect (Delfts Port Rotterdam), dies at 63
- 1803Robert Emmet: Irish nationalist, executed
- 1806Utamaro Kitagawa: Painter
- 1810Wouter J van Troostwijk: Painter, dies at 28
- 1823Daniel Steibelt: Composer, dies at 57
- 1839Jose Gaspar de Francia: Dictator of Paraguay (1816-39), dies at 74
- 1863Benjamin Hardin Helm: US attorney / Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 33
- 1863Jakob Grimm: Writer, dies at 78
- 1865William H Revere, Jr.: US Union Brigadier General
- 1873Lulu Strauss und Torney: German poetess / writer
- 1886John Liptrot Hatton: Composer, dies at 77
- 1896Gottfried Conradi: Composer, dies at 76
- 1897Karel Bendl: Composer, dies at 59
- 1898Theodor Fontane: German Author (Der Stechlin), dies at 78
- 1908Pablo Martin Melitou de Sarasate y Navascuez: Composer, dies at 64
- 1917Herbert Morris: Jamaican deserter in France, executed at 17
- 1927George Nichols: Actor (His Favorite Pastime, Star Boarder), dies at 62
- 1932Max Slevogt: German painter, dies at 63
- 1933Annie Besant: English theosophy (Esoteric Christianity)
Historical events on September 21
- 1066Battle at Fulford: Norway King Harald III Hardrada beats British militia
- 1192English King Richard I the Lion hearted, captured
- 1348Jews in Zurich Switzerland are accused of poisoning wells
- 1435Treaty of Atrecht: Philip of Bourgondy vs. French King Charles II
- 1451Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa orders Jews of Holland to wear a badge
- 1589Battle at Arques: French King Henri IV beats Catholic League
- 1591French bishops recognize Henri IV as King of France
- 1621King James of England gives Canada to Sir Alexander Sterling
- 1676Benedetto Odescalchi elected as Pope Innocent XI
- 1677John and Nicolaas van der Heyden patents fire extinguisher
- 1745Battle at Preston Pans: Bonnie Prince Charles beats English army
- 1746French expeditionary army occupies Labourdonnais and Dupleix Madras
- 1776Great fire in New York
- 1776Nathan Hale, spied on British for American rebels, arrested
- 17841st daily newspaper in America (Penns Packet & General Advertiser)
- 1784Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser 1st success US daily newspaper
- 17921st French Republic forms
- 1814"Star Spangled Banner" published as a poem
- 1815King Willem I takes oath in Brussels
- 1823Moroni 1st appears to Joseph Smith, according to Smith
- 1837Charles Tiffany founded his jewelry and china stores
- 1863Union forces retreat to Chattanooga after defeat at Chickamauga
- 1872John Henry Conyers of SC becomes 1st black student at Annapolis
- 18831st direct US-Brazil telegraph connection
- 1885Dutch demonstrate for general voting right
- 1893Frank Duryea drives 1st US made gas propelled vehicle (car)
- 18951st auto manufacturer opens-Duryea Motor Wagon Company
- 1896General Kitcheners army occupies Dongola Sudan
- 1897New York Sun runs famous "Yes, Virginia there is a Santa Claus, " editorial
- 19031st cowboy film "Kit Carson, " premieres in US
Born on September 21
- 1372Frederik I van Hohenzollern: Monarch of Brandenburg (1417-40)
- 1415Frederick III: Innsbruck, Austria -- German Emperor (1440-1493)
- 1452Girolamo Savonarola: Monk / Reformer / Dictator of Florence (1494-98)
- 1527Matthaus Ludecus: Composer
- 1706Jacob Wilhelm Lustig: Composer
- 1728Louis Emmanuel Eadin: Composer
- 1752Louise MC: Countess of Albany
- 1756John Loudon McAdam: Created macadam road surface (asphalt)
- 1760Gaetano Valeri: Composer
- 1788Margaret Smith Taylor: 1st lady (1849-50)
- 1817Carter Littlepage Stevenson: Major General (Confederate Army)
- 1817Charles Balmer: Composer
- 1820Williams Carter Wickham: Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- 1824Joseph Andrew Jackson Lightburn: Brigadier General (Union volunteers)
- 1827Michael Corcoran: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1863
- 1832Friedrich Wilhelm Langhans: Composer
- 1832Samuel Sprigg Carroll: Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1893
- 1833Josef Richard Rozkosny: Composer
- 1840Murad V: Sultan of Turkey (1876)
- 1843David Emlyn Evans: Composer
- 1849Edmund Gosse: London, England -- Translator / critic (Father & Son)
- 1853Heike Kamerlingh Onnes: Dutch physicist (liquid helium, Nobel 1913)
- 1859Cyriel Buysse: Flemish Baron / writer (Sursum Corda, Ace Knave)
- 1866Charles Jean Henri Nicolle France: Bacteriologist (Nobel-1928)
- 1867Henry Lewis Stimson: US Minister of War (1911-13)
- 1869Henryk Melcer-Szczawinski: Composer
- 1871Ernst Heldring: Dutch Merchant / ship owner / financier
- 1874Gustav Theodore Holst: Cheltenham, England -- Composer (Planets)
- 1880Henry Louis Mencken: US essayist / critic (American Mercury)
- 1882Alf Thorbald Hurum: Composer
Died on September 21
- 0687Conon: Sicilian Pope (686-87)
- 1327Edward II: King of England (1307-1327), assassinated at 43
- 1433Zweder van Kuilenberg: Bishop of Utrecht
- 1440Frederik I van Hohenzollern: Ruler Brandenburg (1417-40), dies at 68
- 1481Bartholomeus Platinum: Italian humanist / pontifical librarian
- 1519Hans Backofen / Backoffen: German sculptor, dies at about 49
- 1558Charles V: King of Spain (Carlos I) / Holy Roman Emperor, dies at 58
- 1576Girolamo Cardano: Italian mathematician, dies at 74
- 1586Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle: Viceroy of Naples (1571-75), dies at 69
- 1590Ascanio Trombeti: Composer, dies at 45
- 1629John Pieterszoon Coen: Merchant / Governor-General of East-Indies, dies at 42
- 1705Willem Hadriaan of Nassau: Corrupt mister of Odijck
- 1798George Read: US judge / signer (Declaration of Independence), dies at 65
- 1809Alexander Reinagle: Composer, dies at 53
- 1812Emmanuel Johann Joseph Schikaneder: Composer, dies at 61
- 1820Joseph R Drake: US Poet (American Flag), dies at 25
- 1832Walter Scott: Scottish attorney / Poet / writer (Ivanhoe)
- 1836John Stafford Smith: Composer, dies at 86
- 1839Jacob Gottfried Weber: German composer, dies at 60
- 1883Johannes van Vloten: Dutch man of letters / theologist, dies at 65
- 1905Rudolf Baumbach: Writer of German student drinking songs, dies at 64
- 1908Pablo de Sarasate: Spanish violinist / Composer (Spanish Dancer)
- 1911Arab Pasha: "al-Misri" [Pasha Ahmad Arab), Egyptian minister
- 1915Anthony Comstock: Anti-vice crusader, dies at 71 in New York City
- 1937Henri [Lucien] Capitant: French lawyer, dies at 72
- 1946Leo Bittermieux: Flemish Missionary (Congo), dies at 66
- 1947Harry Carey, Sr.: Actor / director (Red River, Sundown), dies at 69
- 1953Roger Quilter: British composer, dies at 75
- 1956Robert Mills Delaney: Composer, dies at 53
- 1957Haakon VII (CF Charles WA): Danish King of Norway (1905-57)
Events on Sep 22
- 0530Boniface II begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0530Discorus begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0530St. Felix IV ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1504Settle engagement of Karel of Luxembourg and Claudia the Beaujeu
- 1529Cardinal Thomas Wolsey lays-off English Lord Chancellor
- 1586Battle at Zutphen: English vs. Dutch army
- 1656All female jury hears case of woman who killed her child (acquit her)
- 1692Last (8) person hanged for witchcraft in US (Salem, Massachusetts)
- 1699People of Rotterdam strike over high cost of butter
- 1711French troops occupy Rio de Janeiro
- 1733Polish King Lesczynski flees to Danzig
- 1735Robert Walpole is 1st British Prime Minister to live at 10 Downing Street
- 1745Bonnie Prince Charlies army returns to Edinburgh
- 1753Pangeran Gusti installed as Sultan of Banten
- 1756Nassau Hall opens at Princeton University
- 1784Russian trappers established a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska
- 1789Office of Postmaster General is created under the Treasury Department
- 1792Origin of French Republican Era
- 1817John Quincy Adams becomes Secretary of State
- 1861Fort Fauntleroy (Wingate), rapes Navaho Indians
- 1862President Lincoln, says he will free slaves in all states on Jan 1
- 1864Sheridan sets up camp in Harrisonburg, Virginia
- 1868Race riots in New Orleans, Louisiana
- 18931st auto built in US (by Duryea brothers) runs in Springfield
- 1903Italo Marchiony granted patent for ice cream cone
- 190511th US Golf Open: Willie Anderson shoots a 314 at Myopia Club, Massachusetts
- 1905Race riot in Atlanta Georgia (10 blacks & 2 whites killed)
- 1906Race riot in Atlanta Georgia, kills 21
- 1908Bulgaria declares independence from Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
- 1910Saskatchewan Rugby Football Union forms
Born on Sep 22
- 0130Claudius Galenus: Italian Physician / Scholar
- 1290Bilbo Baggins: (in Shire Reconning)
- 1515Anna van Kleef: Queen of England / 4th Wife of Henry VIII
- 1601Anna van Oostenrijk: Queen of France / Daughter of Philip III
- 1694Lord Chesterfield: Letter writer; introduced Gregorian calendar (1752)
- 1720Adolph Carl Kunzen: Composer
- 1729George Wilhelm Gruber: Composer
- 1733Anton Filtz: Composer
- 1738Dionysius G Van de Keessel: Lawyer (Theses Selectae)
- 1741Peter S Pallas: German geologist / zoologist (Siberia / Krim)
- 1757Herman H Vitringa: Politician (National Meetings)
- 1791Michael Faraday: Discovered principle of electric motor
- 1796Ret Cornelius Kinchiloe Stribling: Comm (Union Navy), died in 1880
- 1822Brigadier General Eppa Hunton: Fought in most ANV campaigns
- 1827John Grubb Parke: Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1900
- 1829William Worth Belknap: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
- 1833Stephen Dill Lee: Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), died in 1908
- 1849John Godden: English explorer (Curacao)
- 1860Heinrich Reitsch: Composer
- 1864Louis Van Deyssel: Writer (Small Republic, One Love)
- 1870Arthur Willard Pryor: Composer
- 1872Luis Villalba Munoz: Composer
- 1878Shigeru Yoshida: Japanese Prime Minister (most of 1946-54)
- 1880Asser B Kleerekoper: Journalist / 2nd-Member of parliament (SDAP)
- 1882Emil Abranyi: Composer
- 1882Wilhelm Keitel: German Field Marshal
- 1883Robert Franz Richard Hernried: Composer
- 1884Minerva Urecal: California, United States -- Actress (Accent on Love, Crazy Knights)
- 1885Erich von Stroheim: Early film director / actor (Grand Illusion)
- 1887Hobart Cavanaugh: United States -- Actor (Border Town, Black Angel)
Died on Sep 22
- 1197Petrus Cantor: French Theologist (Verbum Abbreviatum)
- 1253Dogen Kigen: 1st Zen patriarch of Japanese Soto line, dies at 53
- 1286Mugaku Sogen: Zen Rinzai line founder of Engakuji temple, dies at 60
- 1392Aleid van Poelgeest: Lover of Earl Albrecht of Bavaria, murdered at 22
- 1392Willem Cuser: Earl Albrecht of Beierens, murdered
- 1408Johannes VII Palaeologus: Byzantine Emperor (1376-77, 90 / 1404-8)
- 1520Selim I: Captured Baghdad / Sultan of Turkey (1512-20), dies at 53
- 1531Louise Van Savoye: French regent of King Francois I, dies at 55
- 1566John Agricola [Schneider]: German Theologist / Prime Minister
- 1607Alessandro Agnolo Allori: Italian Painter / carpet designer, dies at 72
- 1712Jose Solana: Composer, dies at 69
- 1737Francesco Mancini: Composer, dies at 65
- 1737Michel Pignolet de Monteclair: Composer, dies at 69
- 1774Clement XIV [Giovanni Ganganelli]: Pope (1769-74)
- 1776Nathan Hale: US captain / patriot / spy, hanged by British at 21
- 1796George Wilhelm Gruber: Composer, dies on 67th birthday
- 1796Joseph Lederer: Composer, dies at 63
- 1814A W Iffland: Writer
- 1826J P Hebel: Writer, dies at 66
- 1865Heinrich Christian Pander: Russian zoologist, dies at 71
- 1890Johanna D Courtmans-Berchmans: Flemish author, dies at 79
- 1914Alain-Fournier: French writer (Grand Meaulnes), dies in battle at 27
- 1923Marquess of Ripon: Game hunter, dies after shooting 52nd grouse
- 1927Giannotto Bastianelli: Composer, dies at 44
- 1935Karl Schroder: Composer, dies at 86
- 1944"Cab" Calloway: British scout, dies in battle of Oosterbeek
- 1949Sam Wood: US communist fighter / director (Night at Opera), dies at 66
- 1959Josef Matthais Hauer: Composer, dies at 76
- 1961Marion Davies: Actress (Not So Dumb, 5 & 10), dies of cancer at 64
- 1969Adolfo Lopez Mateos: President of Mexico, dies at 59