Events on Nov 19
- 0461St. Hilary begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0498Anastasius II ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0615Pope Deusdedit / Adeodatus I elected to succeed Boniface IV
- 1302Pope Boniface VIII delegates degree "Unam sanctam"
- 1367League of Cologne goes against Danish King Waldemar IV
- 1493Christopher Columbus discovers Puerto Rico, on his 2nd voyage
- 1530Augsburg: Emperor Karel I enables Edict of Worms
- 1620Mayflower reaches Cape Cod and explores the coast
- 1621Rabbi Isaiah b Abraham aha-Levi Horowitz arrives in Israel
- 16441st protestant ministry society in New England
- 1700Battle at Narva: Swedish King Karel XII beats Russians
- 1794Jay Treaty, 1st US extradition treaty, signed with Great Britain
- 1824Storm causes St. Petersburg flood, killing 10,000
- 1837Floridsdorf-Deutsch Wagram railway in Austria opens
- 1850Lord Tennyson becomes British Poet laureate
- 1861Julia Ward Howe committed "Battle Hymn of the Republic" to paper
- 1863Lincoln delivers his address in Gettysburg; "4 score & 7 years..."
- 1879National Association of Trotting Horse Breeders determines what "is" a trotter
- 1887Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Dying Detective" (BG)
- 18931st newspaper color supplement (NY World)
- 18941st mushroom on a stamp (China 1 and 5 Ap)
- 1894Dutch troops occupy and plunders palace of Tjakra Negara, Lombok
- 1895Frederick E Blaisdell patents the pencil
- 1896Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Sussex Vampire" (BG)
- 1903Carrie Nation attempts to address Senate
- 1906London selected to host 1908 Olympics
- 1909Former Dutch Premier Abraham Kuyper denies corruption
- 1911New York receives 1st Marconi wireless transmission from Italy
- 1919US Senate rejects (55-39) Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations
- 1922Demonstration for a French Language University in Ghent
Born on Nov 19
- 1600Charles I: King of England (1625-49); executed by Parliament
- 1600Lieuwe van Aitzema: Dutch historian (Matters of State & War)
- 1607Erasmus Quellinus II [Quellien]: Flemish painter / etcher
- 1616Eustache Le Sueur: French painter
- 1709Pierre Leclair: Composer
- 1711Michail V Lomonosov: Russian Scholar / poet
- 1752George Rogers Clark: Frontier military leader in Revolutionary War
- 1753Stanislas Champein: Composer
- 1761Joseph Supries: Composer
- 1770Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen: Copenhagen, Denmark -- Sculptor (Dying Lion)
- 1770Bertel Thowwaldsen: Danish sculptor
- 1796Johann Wilhelm Mangold: Composer
- 1805Ferdinand de Lesseps: France -- Diplomat (built Suez Canal)
- 1810August Willich: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1878
- 1811John Ancrum Winslow: Comm (Union Navy), died in 1873
- 1827Isaac Munroe St John: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1880
- 1831James A Garfield: Ohio, United States -- Gen / (R) 20th President (March 4-Sept 19, 1881)
- 1833Wilhelm Dilthey: German philosopher (Das Leben Schleiermans)
- 1834Georg H Quincke: German physicist (test of Quincke)
- 1835Fitzhugh Lee: Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1905
- 1846Emile C Wauters: Belgium -- Painter (Van der Goes in the Red Monastery)
- 1859Mikhail Mikhayl Ippolitov-Ivanov: Russia -- Musician (Armenian Rhapsody)
- 1870Vicente Lleo: Composer
- 1874Karl Adrian Wohlfart: Composer
- 1875Michael I Kalinin: Russian metal worker / head of state
- 1879Karel van den Oever: Flemish author / poet (Geuzenstad)
- 1885Erskine Sanford: Trinidad, Colorado -- Actor (Angel on My Shoulder)
- 1886Fernand Crommelynck: Belgian playwright (Le Cocu Magnificent)
- 1899Allen Tate: United States -- Poet (Mr Pope & Other Poems)
- 1900Anna Seghers [Netty Radvanyi-Reiling]: German author (7th Cross)
Died on Nov 19
- 0498Anastasius II: Pope (496-9)8 (Dante Inferno XI, 8-9)
- 1272David of Augsburg: Franciscan minister / author
- 1316Jan I: King of France (November 15-19. 1316)
- 1389Dimitri Ivanovitch "Donskoi": Monarch of Vladimir-Soezdal, dies at 39
- 1472Joannes / Basilius Bessarion: Archbishop of Nicaea
- 1495Alfonso II: King of Naples (1494-95)
- 1630Johann Hermann Schein: German Composer (Opella Nova), dies at 44
- 1665Nicholas Poussin: French painter
- 1692Georg F von Waldeck: German commander-in-chief (Colors)
- 1703Man in the Iron Mask: Prisoner in Bastille prison in Paris
- 1719Jean Deutz: Minster of Heemskerk / Merchant / Amsterdam regent, dies at 64
- 1785Bernard de Bury: Composer, dies at 65
- 1798Theobald W Tone: Irish nationalist
- 1804Pietro Alessandro Guglieli: Italian opera composer, dies at 75
- 1825Jan Vaclav Hugo Vorisek: Composer, dies at 34
- 1854Alberich Zwyssig: Composer, dies at 46
- 1880Bernard de Hair: Vicar / Poet / church historian, dies at 74
- 1887Emma Lazarus: US Poet ("Give us your tired and poor"), dies in New York at 38
- 1899[Maria] Catharina Beersmans: Belgian actress (Medea), dies at 55
- 1908Albert Dietrich: Composer, dies at 79
- 1911Ramon Caceres: President (Dominican Republic), murdered
- 1915Joe Hill: Labor leader / songwriter, executed for murder
- 1915Solomon Schechter: Theologist, dies at about 64
- 1923French Netscher: Author / journalist (In 3rd Chamber), dies at 59
- 1924Lee Stack: British sirdar in Egypt / Governor-General of Sudan, murdered
- 1928Achille Simonetti: Composer, dies at 71
- 1929Arthur H Mann: English Composer (Church of England Hymnal)
- 1931Frederic Cliffe: Composer, dies at 74
- 1932Marie MJ Poupelet: French Sculptor / poster artist
- 1933Enrique Jose Varona: Cuban sociologist / Vice President, dies at 84
Historical events on November 20
- 1168Giovanni di Struma elected anti-Pope
- 1272Edward I proclaimed King of England
- 1342Pope Clemens VI names John IV of Arkel as Bishop of Utrecht
- 1347Roman tribunal Coke di Rienzo beats nobles
- 14311st meeting of Order of Guilder Flies
- 1520Friesland hit by heavy hail storm
- 1521Arabs attribute shortage of water in Jerusalem to Jews making wine
- 1583Duke of Parma conquerors Aalst
- 1616Bishop Richelieu becomes French Minister of Foreign Affairs / War
- 1637Peter Minuit and 1st Swedish immigrants to Delaware sail from Sweden
- 1719Sweden and Hannover sign peace Treaty of Stockholm
- 1755English Minister William Pitt Sr resigns
- 1780Britain declares war on Holland
- 1789New Jersey is 1st state to ratify Bill of Rights
- 1795Curacao government forbids slave work on Sunday
- 18152nd Peace of Paris: France and allies
- 1815Russia, Prussia, Austria and England signs Great Alliance
- 18171st Seminole War begins in Florida
- 1829Jews expelled from Nikolayev and Sevastopol Russia
- 1833Charles Darwin reaches Punta Gorda, sees Rio Uruguay
- 1862Armies of Mississippi / Kentucky merge as Army of Tennessee
- 1862Confederate army of Tennessee, organizes under General Braxton Bragg
- 1865Howard University forms in Washington DC
- 1866Howard University founded (Washington, DC)
- 1866Pierre Lalemont patents rotary crank bicycle
- 1873Rival cities of Buda and Pest unite to form the capital of Hungary
- 1888William Bundy patents timecard clock
- 1889Gustav Mahlers 1st Symphony
- 1890Pope Leo XIII encyclical On slavery in missions
- 1894US intervenes in Bluefields, Nicaragua
Born on November 20
- 1327Bassui Tokusho: Zen founder (Kogakuji monastery in Nakamura Japan)
- 1602Otto von Guericke: Inventor (air pump)
- 1606Abraham de Wicquefort: Dutch diplomat / historian
- 1620Peregrine White: Son of WM and Susanna White, born aboard Mayflower
- 1625Artus II Quellinus "the Young": Flemish sculptor, baptised
- 1652Romanus Weichlein: Composer
- 1752Thomas Chatterton: English poet (Christabel)
- 1757Giovanni Battista Gaiani: Composer
- 1759Nikolaus Paul Zmeskall: Composer
- 1761Pius VIII [Francesco S Castiglioni]: Italy -- 253rd Pope (1829-30)
- 1765Friedrich Heinrich Himmel: Composer
- 1766John Wall Calcott: Composer
- 1781Karl F Eichhorn: German law historian
- 1802James Lawrence Lardner: Comm (Union Navy), died in 1881
- 1830Patrick Henry Jones: Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1900
- 1834Franjo Zaver Kuhac: Composer
- 1836John Thomas Croxton: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1874
- 1841Wilfrid Laurier: (L) 7th Canadian Prime Minister (1896-1911)
- 1850Arthor Goring Thomas: Composer
- 1862Willem H Vliegen: Dutch typographer / co-founder / Chairman (SDAP)
- 1863Maria H "Mina" Beersmans: Flemish actress (Black Griet)
- 1864Gerard W Kernkamp: Dutch historian / editor (Groene Amsterdammer)
- 1866Kenesaw Mountain Landis: Judge / 1st commissioner of baseball
- 1867Vicente Ripolles: Composer
- 1869Clark Griffith: Missouri, United States -- Baseball player / manager (New York Yankees)
- 1871William H Kilpatrick: US mathematician / philosopher / educator
- 1873Daniel Gregory Mason: Brookline, Massachusetts -- Composer (Chanticker)
- 1879Franz Pfemfert: Writer
- 1884Norman Thomas: Marion, Ohio -- Socialist (Presidential Candidate 1928-48)
- 1886Karl von Frisch: Zoologist / bee expert (Nobel 1973)
Died on November 20
- 0967Aboe al-Faradj al-Isfahani: Arabic Author (Book of liederen)
- 1347Stefano Colonna: Roman senator, dies in battle
- 1480Eleonora van Austrian: Translator
- 1518Pierre de la Rue / Peter van Straten: Flemish composer
- 1527Wendelmoet "Weyntjen" Claesdochter: 1st Dutch woman burned as heretic
- 1669Arnold Geulincx: South Netherlands philosopher (Cholera), dies at 45
- 1675Francisco de Moura y Cortereal: Spanish land guardian of the Netherlands (1664-68)
- 1678Charles Dujardin: Painter / etcher (Learned Dog), dies at about 56
- 1713Thomas Tompion: English clock maker (cylinder tunnel)
- 1737Caroline of Ansbach: Queen of Great-Britain
- 1741Melchior de Polignac: French diplomat / clergyman
- 1750Wilhelmus Schortinghuis: Theologist (Christian religion), dies at 50
- 1758Johan Helmich Roman: Finnish Composer / violist, dies at 64
- 1764Christian Goldbach: German mathematician
- 1827Alexey Nikolayevich Titov: Composer, dies at 58
- 1851Wenzel Sedlak: Composer, dies at 75
- 1856Farkas / Wolfgang Bolyai: Hungarian mathematician, dies at 81
- 1863James Bruce: Count of Elgin and Kincardine, Governor Jamaica, dies at 52
- 1882Bela Albrecht Pal Keler: Composer, dies at 62
- 1887Louis Gallait: Belgian Painter (Egmont & Receiver), dies at 77
- 1894Anton Rubinstein: Russian Composer (Dmitri Donskoi), dies at 64
- 1898John Fowler: English engineer (London Metropolitan Railway)
- 1899Carl A E Ahlqvist [A Oksanen]: Finnish translator, dies at 63
- 1925Alexandra: Danish princess / Queen of Great Britain, dies at 80
- 1927Karl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammer: Composer, dies at 56
- 1939Marie Joseph Leon Desire Paque: Composer, dies at 72
- 1944Sekio Nishina: Japanese inventor (kaiten-suicide submarine)
- 1950Francesco Cilea: Composer, dies at 84
- 1952Benedetto Croce: Italian philosopher (La Critica), dies at 86
- 1957Weldon Hart: Composer, dies at 46
Events on Nov 21
- 0235St. Anterus begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0496St. Gelasius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 0695Pope Sergius names Willibrord as Archbishop Clemens of Friezen
- 1317Frederik of Sierck / Zyrick becomes Bishop of Utrecht
- 1620Mayflower Compact signed by Pilgrims in Cape Cod
- 1620Pilgrim Fathers reach America: Provincetown Harbor, Massachusetts
- 1654Richard Johnson, a free black, granted 550 acres in Virginia
- 1696J Vanbrughes "Relapse or Virtue in Danger, " premieres in London
- 1729Netherlands signs Treaty of Seville
- 1759Battle at Maxen: Prussian army surrenders to Austrians
- 1787Andrew Jackson admitted to bar
- 1789North Carolina ratifies constitution, becomes 12th US state
- 1794Honolulu Harbor discovered
- 1806Decree of Berlin: Emperor Napoleon I bans all trade with England
- 1813Stettin surrenders to allied armies
- 18241st Jewish Reform congregation forms, Charleston, South Carolina
- 1834HMS Beagle anchors at Bay of San Carlos, Chile
- 1837Thomas Morris of Australia skips rope 22,806 times
- 1847Steamer "Phoenix" is lost on Lake Michigan, kills 200
- 1848Cincinnati Turngemeinde founded
- 1852Duke University, founded in 1838 as Union Institute chartered as Normal College
- 1865Shaw University forms in Raleigh, North Carolina
- 1871Moses F Gale patents a cigar lighter (NYC)
- 1871The 1st human cannonball, Emilio Onra, is shot
- 1877Tom Edison announces his "talking machine" invention (phonograph)
- 1880Henry Stanley and Pierre de Brazza quarrel about possession of Congo
- 1895Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Bruce Partington Plans" (BG)
- 19021st night football game, Philadelphia Athletics beats Kanaweola AC, 39-0
- 19051st game ever played in the Australian Tennis Open
- 1906China prohibits opium trade
Born on Nov 21
- 1495John Bale: England, United Kingdom -- Bishop / anti-Catholic playwright (Kynge Johan)
- 1561Carolus Scribani: Italian / Flemish Jesuit / author
- 1637Catharina Questiers: Dutch poetess (Friend of Abandoned Child)
- 1645Johann Lohner: Composer
- 1683Johann Michael Muller: Composer
- 1692Carlo Fragoni: Italy -- Poet
- 1694Voltaire [Francois-Marie Arouet]: France -- Thinker (Candide)
- 1724John Ekels [the Old]: Amsterdam painter / cartoonist
- 1729Josiah Bartlett: US Physician / judge / signer (Declaration of Independence)
- 1742Alessandro Felici: Composer
- 1768Friedrich Schleiermacher: German theologist / philosopher
- 1785William Beaumont: Surgeon (studied digestion)
- 1787Samuel Cunard: Founder (1st regular Atlantic steamship line)
- 1817Richard Brooke Garnett: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1863
- 1828William McComb: Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1918
- 1829Peter A de Genestet: Dutch vicar / poet
- 1831John Franklin Miller: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1886
- 1834Henrietta [Hetty] Green: Financier (Witch of Wall Street)
- 1834Joseph Jackson Bartlett: Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1893
- 1840Victoria: Empress of Germany / Queen of Prussia
- 1852Francisco Tarrega y Eixea: Composer
- 1853Hussain Kamil: Sultan of Egypt (1914-17)
- 1854Benedict XV [Giacomo PGB marques della Chiessa]: 258th Pope (1914-22)
- 1861Joao da Cruz: Brazilian poet
- 1863Arthur Quiller-Couch [Q]: Editor (Oxford Book of English Verse)
- 1863Mina Dilis-Beersmans: Flemish actress / Wife of John Dilis (Poppenhuis)
- 1867Vladimir N Ipatiev: Russian chemist
- 1871Panayot Pipkov: Composer
- 1877Louis Campbell-Tipton: Composer
- 1877Sigfrid Karg-Elert: Composer
Died on Nov 21
- 1481Ikkyu Sojun: Zen head of Daitokuji temple, dies at 87 in Kyoto, Japan
- 1555Georg Agricola [Bauer]: German mineralogist (zinc), dies at 61
- 1580Willem Van Hoorn: Baron of Heze, Governor of Brussels, executed
- 1610Benedict van Canfield [William Fish]: English missionary
- 1695Henry Purcell: English Composer (Indian Queen), dies at 36
- 1710Barnardo Pasquini: Composer, dies at 72
- 1728Fjodor M graaf Apraksin: Russian gen-admiral, dies at about 57
- 1811Heinrich W von Kleist: German playwright, dies at 34
- 1813William Russell: Composer, dies at 36
- 1863Joseph Mayseder: Composer, dies at 74
- 1870Karel J Erben: Czech Poet (Ruiker), dies at 69
- 1875Friedrich A Lange: Philosopher / socialist (Neo-Kantianism), dies at 67
- 1882Sergei G Netsjajev: Russian nihilist, dies at 35
- 1899Garret Augustus Hobart: 24th VP
- 1907Gaetano Braga: Composer, dies at 78
- 1916Franz Jozef I: King of Austria / Hungary
- 1920Caryl Florio: Composer, dies at 77
- 1920William James Robjohn: Composer, dies at 77
- 1928Hermann Sudermann: German Author (Frau Sorge)
- 1932Vito Pardo: Italian Sculptor (Columbus monument Argentina)
- 1938Leopold Godowsky: Pianist / composer, dies at 68
- 1941Juanita Spellini: First women executed in California
- 1942James Barry M Hertzog: South African Premier (1914-39), dies at 76
- 1945Robert Benchley: US humorist (My 10 years in a quandary), dies at 56
- 1952William Green: Union Chairman (AFL 1924-52), dies at 79
- 1954Karol Rathaus: Composer, dies at 59
- 1954Prof Werner Elert: German Lutheran theologist, dies at 69
- 1958Mel Ott: New York Giant baseball star (1926-1947), dies at 49
- 1959Max Baer: United States -- Heavyweight boxing champ (1934), dies at 49
- 1963Luis Cernuda: Spanish Poet (Perfil del Aire), dies at 61