Events in year of 1864
- 01-11Charing Cross Station opens in London
- 01-14Battle of Cosby Creek, Tennessee
- 01-14General Sherman begins his march to the South
- 01-16Heavy fighting takes place near Dandridge, Tennessee
- 01-27Battle of Fair Gardens, Tennessee
- 01-28Battle of New Bern, North Carolina
- 02-012nd German-Danish war begins
- 02-01Austrian / Prussian troops occupy Sleeswijk / Holstein
- 02-0424th Amendment abolishes Poll tax
- 02-04Skirmish at Big Black River Bridge, Mississippi
- 02-05Federals occupy Jackson, Mississippi
- 02-07Federal troops occupy Jacksonville, Florida
- 02-13Miridian Campaign fighting at Chunky Creek andWyatt, Mississippi
- 02-15Fire in Rotterdam Netherlands damages Museum Boymans
- 02-16Battle of Mobile, AL - operations by Union Army
- 02-17Confederate sub "HL Hunley" sinks Union ship "Housatonic"
- 02-19Knights of Pythias form 1st lodge in Washington DC (12 members)
- 02-20Civil War battle of Olustee, Florida
- 02-211st US Catholic parish church for blacks dedicated, Baltimore
- 02-222nd / last day of Battle of Okolona, Mississippi
- 02-22Skirmish at Calfkiller Creek (Sparta) Tennessee
- 02-276th and last day of battle at Dalton, Georgia (about 600 casualties)
- 02-27Near Andersonville GA, rebels open a new POW camp "Camp Sumpter"
- 03-01Louis Ducos du Hauron patents movie machine (never built)
- 03-01Rebecca Lee (US) becomes 1st black woman to receive a medical degree
- 03-051st track meet between Oxford and Cambridge
- 03-09Ulysses S Grant is appointed commander of Union Army
- 03-10Grant is named commander of the Union armies
- 03-10Red River campaign, Louisiana
- 03-14Union troops occupy Fort de Russy, Louisiana
People born in year of 1864
- 01-01Alfred Stieglitz: US photographer / art dealer (Camera Work)
- 01-06Ban Johnson: Norwalk, Connecticut -- Baseball founder (American League)
- 01-11Thomas Dixon: US attorney / playwright (Flaming Sword)
- 01-13Wilhelm K W Wien: German phyicist (Nobel 1911)
- 01-16Frank Bacon: Actor / author (Lightnin)
- 01-17Lucien Herr: France -- Scientist (Corresp entre Schiller et Schiller)
- 01-29Adolf Philipp: Composer
- 02-05Carl Tieke: Composer
- 02-06John Henry Mackay: Scottish / German author / poet (Anarchists)
- 02-07Arthur Collins: Singer / comedian (Peerless Quartet)
- 02-07Ricardo Castro Herrera: Composer
- 02-14Israel Zangwill: England, United Kingdom -- Jewish author / Zionist (Children of Ghetto)
- 02-14Robert E Park: United States -- Sociologist (human ecology, marginal man)
- 02-17Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson: NSW, Australia -- Poet (Waltzing Matilda)
- 02-19Aritius S Talma: Dutch Minister of Agriculture (Work Law of 1911)
- 02-22Jules Renard: France -- Writer (Poil de Carotte)
- 03-01Rebecca Lee: 1st black woman to get a medical degree
- 03-15Johan Halvorsen: Composer
- 03-15Leslie Stuart: Composer
- 03-18Karl M Lybeck: Finnish / Swedish language poet (Samlade Arbeten)
- 03-23Hjalmar Borgstrom: Composer
- 03-30Franz Oppenheimer: German sociologist / politician
- 04-01Marie Jungius: Dutch fairy tale writer
- 04-10Tully Marshall: Nevada City, California
- 04-18Richard Harding Davis: United States -- Journalist / author (In The Fig)
- 04-21Max Weber: German sociologist / economist / historian (Ancient Judaism)
- 04-22Phil May: Wortley Yorkshire, United Kingdom -- Cartoonist
- 04-24George AA Alting van Geusau: Director-General (PTT) / Dutch Minister of War (1918-20)
- 04-28William F A Ellison: Irish clergyman / director (Armagh Observatory)
- 04-30Frans Netscher: Dutch writer / journalist (Studies of nude model)
People died in year of 1864
- 01-04Mateo Ferrer: Composer, dies at 75
- 01-08Victor-Charles-Paul Dourlen: Composer, dies at 83
- 01-13Stephen Foster: Composer (My Old Kentucky Home), dies at 37 in New York
- 01-16Anton Schindler: German violinist / biographer (Beethoven), dies at 68
- 01-23Michele Puccini: Composer, dies at 50
- 01-24Otto Jonas Lindblad: Composer, dies at 54
- 01-24Stephen Gardner Champlin: Brigadier General (Union), dies at about 36
- 01-27Franz von Klenze: German Architect (palace Leuchtenberg), dies at 59
- 01-31Hamilton Rowan Gamble: US judge / Governor of Missouri (1861-64)
- 02-15William Dyce: Painter
- 02-16Vaclav Jindrich Veit: Composer, dies at 58
- 02-19William Edwin Baldwin: US Confederate Brigadier General
- 02-21Jeffery Forrest: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle
- 03-03Ulric Dahlgren: Union Colonel, dies in battle at 21
- 03-04Thomas Starr King: Unitarian clergyman (Christianity & Humanity)
- 03-10Maximilian II Jozef: King of Bayern (1848-64), dies at 52
- 03-17Alexandre Calamo: Swiss Painter / etcher / lithographer, dies at 53
- 03-30Louis Alexander Balthasar Schindelmeisser: Composer, dies at 52
- 04-12Thomas Green: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 50
- 04-22Joseph Gilbert Totten: US Union General Major, dies at 76
- 05-02Giacomo Meyerbeer: Composer, dies at 72
- 05-05Alexander Hays: US Union General Major, dies in battle at 44
- 05-05John Marshall Jones: Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 43
- 05-05Leroy A Stafford: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 42
- 05-06Henry Livermore Abbott: US Union Brigadier General, dies in battle
- 05-06Micah Jenkins: Confederate Brigadier General (friendly fire), dies at 28
- 05-08James Samuel Wadsworth: General Major (Union), dies in battle at 56
- 05-09"Uncle" John Sedgwick: US Union General Major, dies in battle at 50
- 05-09Thomas Donnely Doubleday: US Union Col, dies in an accident
- 05-10James Clay Rice: Lawyer / Union Brigadier General, dies in battle at 34
Events in year of 1865
- 01-08Sen Everett Dirksen introduces a bill to make marigold the National flower
- 01-11Battle of Beverly, West Virginia
- 01-15Ft Fisher, NC falls to Union troops
- 01-16Confederate Brigadier General John Pegram marries Hetty Cary
- 01-16Drunken sailor attacks munitions at Ft Fisher NC, 40 die
- 01-16Gen Wm Sherman issues Field Order #15 (land for blacks)
- 01-16San Francisco Dramatic Chronicle started
- 01-18Battle of Ft Moultrie, South Carolina
- 01-19NV Suriname Bank established
- 01-19Union occupies Fort Anderson, North Carolina
- 01-25CSS Shenandoah arrives in Melbourne, Australia
- 01-28President Jefferson Davis names 3 peace commissioners
- 01-31Congress passes 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery in America (121-24)
- 01-31Gen Robert E Lee named Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies
- 02-0113th amendment approved (National Freedom Day)
- 02-01JS Rock, 1st black lawyer to practice in Supreme Ct, admitted to bar
- 02-03Hampton Roads Peace Conference, Lincoln and Stephens reach an impasse
- 02-04Hawaiian Board of Education formed
- 02-04Robert E Lee is named commander-in-chief of Confederate Army
- 02-06Robert E Lee appointed Confederate General in Chief
- 02-081st black Major in US army, Martin Robinson Delany
- 02-12Henry Highland Garnet, is 1st black to speak in US House of Reps
- 02-17Columbia SC burns down during Civil War
- 02-18Battle of Ft Moultrie, SC occupied by Federals
- 02-18Union troops force Confederates to abandon Ft Anderson, North Carolina
- 02-20M I T forms 1st US collegiate architectural school
- 02-22Battle of Wilmington, NC (Fort Anderson) occupied by Federals
- 02-22Tennessee adopts a new constitution abolishing slavery
- 02-27Civil War skirmish near Sturgeon, Missouri
- 03-02British newspaper "Morning Chronicle" begins publishing
People born in year of 1865
- 01-01Giuseppe Ferrata: Composer
- 01-20Friedrich A H von Waldeck: Brother of Queen Emma / last ruler of Waldeck
- 01-22Friedrich Paschen: German physicist
- 01-23Benjamin Delmonte: Theater director / actor (Black Haired Whore)
- 02-03Martinus Ballings: Flemish Jesuit / author (Will Power)
- 02-04Charles Bally: Switzerland -- Linguist (Le langage et la vie)
- 02-05Harvey Worthington Loomis: Composer
- 02-09Erich von Drygalski: Germany -- Geographer / glaciologist / Antarctic expl
- 02-09Mrs [Beatrice] Patrick Campbell: England, United Kingdom -- Actress (Pygmalion)
- 02-12Kazimierz P Tetmajer: Polish writer / poet (Young Poland)
- 02-19Adrian van Oordt: Dutch writer (neo-romantic)
- 02-19Sven Hedin: Sweden -- Scientist / explorer (Tibet)
- 02-22Otto Modersohn: German painter
- 02-23Barney Dreyfuss: Baseball owner (Pittsburgh Pirates)
- 02-28Arthur Symons: Welsh poet / critic / co-founder (Savoy)
- 02-28Wilfred Grenfell: England, United Kingdom -- Medical Missionary
- 03-01Gerard Vissering: Dutch banker / President (Bank of Java)
- 03-03Alexander Gustav Adolfovich Winkler: Composer
- 03-08Frederick William Goudy: United States -- Printer / type designer
- 03-09Margaret Murray Washington: Wife of Booker T / head (NACW 1896..1918)
- 03-10Pim [Willem JH] Mulier: Dutch journalist / writer / sport-organizer
- 03-22Theophile Ysaye: Composer
- 03-30Heinrich Rubens: German physicist
- 04-01Richard Zsigmondy: Germany -- Chemist (Nobel-1925)
- 04-09Charles Proteus Steinmetz: Germany -- Experiment with AC electricity
- 04-09Erich Ludendorff: General (Germany)
- 04-13Heinrich Reinhardt: Composer
- 04-27Emile Erens: Dutch Hagiographer (Pastor of Ars)
- 05-05Felicjan Szopski: Composer
- 05-09August de Boeck: Composer
People died in year of 1865
- 01-03Jozef Lies: Flemish painter, dies at 43
- 02-06John Pegram: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle at 33
- 02-07John Henry Winder: US Confederate Brigadier General / provost marshal, dies at 64
- 02-15Nicholas Wiseman: 1st Archbishop of Westminster (1850-65)
- 02-25Otto Ludwig: German writer (Zwischen Himmel und Erde), dies at 47
- 03-01Anna Paulowna Romanova: Great Monarch of Russia, dies at 70
- 03-10William Henry "Little Billy" Chase Whiting: Confederate General Major, dies at 48
- 03-26Thomas Hancock: Pioneer of rubber industry (Stoke Newington)
- 03-28Albert G Bilders: Dutch landscape painter, dies at 26
- 04-02Ambrose Powell Hill: Confederate General, killed in action at 39
- 04-02Richard Cobden: Founder Anti-Corn-Law League, dies at 60
- 04-06John Austin Wharton: US Confederate General Major, dies at 36
- 04-06Reuben B Boston: US Confederate cavalery Colonel, dies in battle
- 04-08John Park: Composer, dies at 61
- 04-09Thomas Alfred Smyth: Irish / US Union General Major, dies at 32
- 04-15Abraham Lincoln: At 7:22 am, assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
- 04-16Robert C Tyler: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies in battle
- 04-22Francis Washburn: US Union Colonel / General Major, dies of injuries
- 04-23James Dearing: US Confederate Brigadier General, dies at 24
- 04-26Charles J Sax: Belgian inventor (saxophone), dies at 74
- 04-26John Wilkes Booth: Assassin, is shot dead near Bowling Green VA at 27
- 05-30William Clarke Quantrill: Criminal / Confederate bushwhacker, dies at 27
- 06-02John E Feisser: Founder (1st Dutch baptist church), dies at 59
- 06-08Joseph Paxton: Designer (Crystal Palace)
- 06-13Cleaveland J Campbell: Union Brigadier General, dies at about 29
- 06-15Edmun Ruffin: US secessionist / writer, commits suicide
- 06-15Jakob Zeugheer: Composer, dies at 61
- 07-07Mary Surratt: And 3 other Lincoln conspirators, hanged
- 07-15Reinier C Bakhuizen van de Brink: Dutch historian, dies at 55
- 07-24Johan Filip von Schantz: Composer, dies at 30
Events in year of 1866
- 01-09Fisk University establishes
- 02-04Mary Baker Eddy cures her injuries by opening a bible
- 02-10Dutch government Frans van der Putte forms
- 02-13Jesse James holds up his 1st bank, Liberty, Missouri ($15,000)
- 02-21Lucy B Hobbs (Taylor) becomes 1st US woman to earn a DDS degree
- 02-26New York Legislature forms NYC Metropolitan Board of Health
- 03-01Paraguayan canoes sink 2 Brazilian ironclads on Rio Parana
- 03-021st US company to make sewing needles by machine incorporated, Conn
- 03-19Immigrant ship Monarch of the Seas sinks in Liverpool; 738 die
- 03-27Andrew Rankin patents the urinal
- 03-27President Johnson vetoes civil rights bill; it later becomes 14th amend
- 03-281st ambulance goes into service
- 04-01US Congress rejects presidential veto gives all equal rights in US
- 04-02President Johnson ends war in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virgina
- 04-06G.A.R. forms
- 04-10American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) forms
- 04-16Karakozov attempts to assassinate Tsar Alexander II of Russia
- 04-16Nitroglycerine at Wells Fargo and Co office explodes
- 05-01American Equal Rights Association forms
- 05-07German Premier Otto von Bismarck seriously wounded in assassin attempt
- 05-08Australian Rules Football is created
- 05-16Charles Elmer Hires invents root beer
- 05-16Congress authorizes nickel 5 cent piece (replaces silver half-dime)
- 05-16US Treasury Department authorizes nickel
- 05-18French Government of De Putte resigns
- 05-211st-class debut of G F Grace aged 15 years 159 days
- 05-24Berkeley, California named (for George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne)
- 05-28Dutch government of Zuylen van Nijevelt / Heemskerk forms
- 05-30Opera "Die Verkaufte Braut" premieres (Prague)
- 06-01General Dutch Typographer Union forms
People born in year of 1866
- 01-09Albert Baertsoen: Flemish painter / etcher
- 01-13Vasily Sergeyevich Kalinnikov: Composer
- 01-19Harry Davenport: NYC, New York -- Actor / director (Her Unborn Child, My Sin)
- 01-20Richard Le Gallienne: English writer (Maker of Gainborg)
- 01-25Emile Vandervelde: Leader of Belgian BWP party
- 01-29Romain Rolland: France -- Writer (Jean-Christophe) (Nobel 1915)
- 01-30Gelett Burgess: Author (Purple Cow)
- 01-31Emil Strauss: Germany -- Writer (Naked Man)
- 02-05Arthur Keith: Scottish anthropologist
- 02-05Henri [Hendrik J] Hall: Dutch MP / comic (Put a Lid on it)
- 02-05Rossetter Gleason Cole: Composer
- 02-06Karl T Sapper: German geography / geologist (Vulkankunde)
- 02-07Raf[ael] Verhulst [Koen Ravestein]: Flemish writer (Jesus of Nazarus)
- 02-09George Ade: United States -- Journalist / playwright / humorist (Fables in Slang)
- 02-10Bror Beckman: Composer
- 02-10Rafael Altamira Crevea: Spanish lawyer / historian
- 02-15Bannister Fletcher: London, England -- Architect and architectural historian
- 02-16Vyacheslav I Ivanov: Russian philosopher / classical / poet
- 02-16William "Sliding Billy" Hamilton: New Jersey, United States -- Hall of fame baseball player
- 02-24Arthur Pearson: Wookey Somerset, England -- Newspaper proprietor
- 02-25Benedetto Croce: Italy -- Humanist / historian / editor / philosopher
- 02-26Herbert Henry Dow: Pioneer in US chemical industry (Dow Chemical)
- 03-07Paul Ernst: Writer
- 03-18Dumitru Kiriac-Georgescu: Composer
- 03-18John Loudon: Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (1913-18)
- 03-21Antonia Caetana de Paiva Pereira Maury: Astronomer
- 03-24Jack McAuliffe: US lightweight boxing champ and hall of famer
- 04-01Ferruccio D M B Busoni: Italy -- Pianist / composer / conductor (Arlecchino)
- 04-01Sophonisba Breckenridge: Scholar / teacher / social activist
- 04-03James B Hertzog: South African General / Premier (1914-39)
People died in year of 1866
- 01-27John Gibson: Sculptor
- 03-04Alexander Campbell: Irish / US founder Disciples of Christ, dies at 77
- 03-10Antonio Francesco Gaetano S Pacini: Composer, dies at 87
- 03-19Louis Clapisson: Composer, dies at 57
- 03-20Rikard Nordraak: Composer, dies at 23
- 03-24Maria Amalia: Of Bourbon-Sicily, Wife of Louis Filips of Austria
- 03-29Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch: Rabbi / Chassidic leader
- 04-01Aime Ambroise Simon Leborne: Composer, dies at 98
- 04-01Johannes C H de Meijere: Dutch zoologist
- 05-17Adolf Bernhard Marx: Composer, dies at 70
- 06-18Jacobus T Abels: Painter, dies at 62
- 06-23Samuel Sarphati: Amsterdam Physician / social activist, dies at 53
- 07-20G F Berhard Riemann: German Mathematician (zeta-function)
- 07-23Thomas Forbes Walmisley: Composer, dies at 83
- 07-25Aloys Schmitt: German music theory / Composer / royal pianist
- 09-09Gergely Czuczor: Hungarian / Czech Poet / translator, dies at 65
- 09-26Carl Almqvist: Swedish Author (Amorina), dies at 72
- 11-26Adrien Francois Servais: Composer, dies at 59
- 11-26Carl Jonas Love Almquist: Composer, dies at 72
- 12-03Johann Wenzel Kalliwoda: Composer, dies at 65
- 12-26Samuel Ryan Curtis: Union General Major, dies at 49